1、Designation: D6278 121Standard Test Method forShear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using aEuropean Diesel Injector Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes made to 3.2.1 and Section 10 in April 2013.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the ev
3、aluation of the shearstability of polymer-containing fluids. The test method mea-sures the percent viscosity loss at 100C of polymer-containingfluids when evaluated by a diesel injector apparatus procedurethat uses European diesel injector test equipment. The viscosityloss reflects polymer degradati
4、on due to shear at the nozzle.NOTE 1Test Method D2603 has been used for similar evaluation ofshear stability; limitations are as indicated in the significance statement.No detailed attempt has been undertaken to correlate the results of this testmethod with those of the sonic shear test method.NOTE
5、2This test method uses test apparatus as defined in CECL-14-A-93. This test method differs from CEC-L-14-A-93 in the period oftime required for calibration.NOTE 3Test Method D5275 also shears oils in a diesel injectorapparatus but may give different results.NOTE 4This test method has different calib
6、ration and operationalrequirements than withdrawn Test Method D3945.NOTE 5Test Method D7109 is a similar procedure that measures shearstability at both 30 and 90 injection cycles. This test method uses 30injection cycles only.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, i
7、f any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
8、M Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D2603 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing OilsD5275 Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test(FISST) for Polymer Containing FluidsD6299 Pract
9、ice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Contain-ing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at30 and 90 Cycles2.2 Coordination European Council (CEC) S
10、tandard:3CEC L-14-A-93 Evaluation of the Mechanical Shear Sta-bility of Lubricating Oils Containing Polymers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 kinematic viscosity, na measure of the resistance toflow of a fluid under gravity.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibration press
11、ure, nthe recorded gauge pressurewhen calibration fluid RL233 undergoes a viscosity loss of 2.7to 2.9 mm2/s when the recorded gauge pressure is within therange of 13.0 to 18.0 MPa.3.2.2 percent viscosity loss, nviscosity loss, as defined in3.2.3, divided by the pre-sheared viscosity, and reported as
12、 apercent.3.2.3 viscosity loss, nthe loss in viscosity determined fromthe difference in kinematic viscosity at 100C of pre-shearedand post-sheared fluid.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A polymer-containing fluid is passed through a dieselinjector nozzle at a shear rate that causes polymer molecules tod
13、egrade. The resultant degradation reduces the kinematicviscosity of the fluid under test. The percent viscosity loss is ameasure of the mechanical shear stability of the polymer-containing fluid.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and
14、 is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.07 on Flow Properties.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published February 2013. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D627807. DOI:10.1520/D6278-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.
15、org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from CEC Secretariat, Interlynk Administrative Services, Ltd., LynkHouse, 17 Peckleton Lane, Desford, Leicestershir
16、e, LE9 9JU, United Kingdom.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates the percent viscosity loss forpolymer-co
17、ntaining fluids resulting from polymer degradationin the high shear nozzle device. Thermal or oxidative effectsare minimized.5.2 This test method is used for quality control purposes bymanufacturers of polymeric lubricant additives and their cus-tomers.5.3 This test method is not intended to predict
18、 viscosity lossin field service in different field equipment under widelyvarying operating conditions, which may cause lubricant vis-cosity to change due to thermal and oxidative changes as wellas by the mechanical shearing of polymer. However, when thefield service conditions, primarily or exclusiv
19、ely, result in thedegradation of polymer by mechanical shearing, there may bea correlation between the results from this test method andresults from the field.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus consists of a fluid reservoir, a double-plunger pump with an electric motor drive, an atomizationchamber with a
20、 diesel injector spray nozzle, and a fluid coolingvessel, installed in an area with an ambient temperature of 20to 25C (68 to 77F). Fig. A1.1 shows the schematic represen-tation of equipment.6.1.1 Fluid Reservoir, In Fig. A1.1, (7)4is open on the top,has approximately a 250 mL capacity, has a 45-mm
21、(1.772-in.)inner diameter, and is calibrated in units of volume. It is fittedwith an internal fluid distributor as detailed in Fig. A1.2.A40-mm (1.575-in.) diameter watch glass with serrated edges isan acceptable distributor plate. The distributor reduces thetendency of fluid channeling. Temperature
22、 is measured by athermometer suspended in the center of the fluid reservoir. Thebottom of the thermometer bulb shall be 10 to 15 mm above theentrance to the drain tube opening. Other temperature-measuring equipment positioned at the same location may alsobe used. The outlet is equipped with a three-
23、way stopcock (8).The three-way stopcock is of a cone type with a nonexchange-able solid plug with an 8-mm (0.315-in.) nominal bore size.Transparent, plastic tubing, (10) in Fig.A1.1, is used to connectthe three-way stopcock to the pump inlet.6.1.2 Double-Plunger Injection Pump , In Fig. A1.1 (11) is
24、defined as Bosch PE 2 A 90D 300/3 S2266. This pump isequipped with a stroke counter, (15), venting screw, (14), andflow rate adjusting screw, (12).6.1.3 Injection Pump, driven by a three-phase electricmotor, (13) in Fig. A1.1, rated at a speed of 925 6 25 rpm.6.1.3.1 This motor runs at 925 rpm on th
25、e 50 Hz currentprevalent in Europe; it will run at approximately 1100 rpm on60 Hz current. The 1100 rpm speed is not acceptable in thisprocedure. A suitable means shall be taken to ensure theprescribed 925 6 25 rpm speed to the injection pump. Oneacceptable method is to usea6to5speed reducer.6.1.4 O
26、utlet of Injection Pump, connected to the atomizationchamber using high pressure steel tubing. The atomizationchamber, (2) in Fig.A1.1, is defined in more detail in Fig.A1.3.To minimize foam generation, the spray chamber is designedso that the fluid under test exits from the nozzle into a chamberfil
27、led with the test fluid . A drain tube (17) fitted with atwo-way stopcock is included to minimize contamination fromthe previous test during the system cleaning steps. The dieselinjector nozzle is a Bosch DN 8 S 2-type pintle nozzle injector,number 0434 200 012, installed in a Bosch KD 43 SA 53/15no
28、zzle holder. The nozzle holder includes a filter cartridge.NOTE 6Take great care to avoid damage to the precision parts of thefuel injection equipment (the plunger and barrel in the pump and thenozzle valve assembly). Service work on the equipment should beperformed by a diesel fuel injector pump sp
29、ecialist or with reference to themanufacturers service manual.5NOTE 7An unusual rapid rise in gauge pressure during testing maysignify filter blockage. When this occurs, the filter cartridge shall bereplaced.6.1.5 A pressure sensing device (18), such as a glycerol-filled pressure gauge or electronic
30、, digital display pressureindicator , shall be installed and separated from the line by apressure snubber or needle valve to suitably dampen pressuresurges. The pressure device shall be occasionally pressuretested to ensure accuracy.6.1.6 Fluid Cooling Vessel, (5) in Fig. A1.1), used tomaintain the
31、specified temperature of the test fluid, as indicatedat the outlet of the fluid reservoir. This vessel is a glasscontainer with exterior cooling jacket constructed so that theheat transfer surface of the jacket is spherical. The exteriorjacket diameter, d1, is approximately 50 mm (1.969 in.). Theint
32、erior heat transfer surface, d2, is approximately 25 mm(0.984 in.) in diameter. The overall length, L, is approximately180 mm (7.087 in.). A distributor plate, similar in design to thedistributor plate in the fluid reservoir, is positioned in the upperportion of the fluid cooling vessel to ensure co
33、ntact betweenthe fluid and the cooling surface. The discharge from the fluidcooling vessel is through a three-way stopcock of the samedesign used on the discharge of the fluid reservoir. The exteriorcooling jacket shall be supplied with an adjustable volume ofcold water.7. Materials7.1 Diesel Fuel (
34、No. 2), initially required to adjust the dieselinjector nozzle valve opening pressure.7.2 Calibration Fluid RL233, used to ensure that when theapparatus is adjusted to within a prescribed pressure range, thecorrect viscosity loss is obtained.NOTE 8RL233 meets the requirements of this test method and
35、 isacceptable during a transition period between suppliers. See researchreport for details.68. Hazards8.1 WarningUse a safety shield between the high-pressurecomponents and the operator during use of equipment.4The number in parentheses refers to the legend in Fig. A1.1.5Repair Instructions for Dies
36、el Injection Pumps Size A, B, K and Z, BulletinWJP101/1 B EP, Robert Bosch GmbH, 2800 South 25thAve., Broadview, IL60153.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1629.D6278 12128.2 Precaution During operation, the lin
37、e between thepump and nozzle, (16) in Fig. A1.1), is under a pressure of atleast 13.0 MPa (130 bar, or 1,885 psi). Pressures above theupper limit of 18.0 MPa (180 bar or 2611 psi) are possible iffilter plugging occurs. Shut off the pump prior to tightening anyfitting that is not properly sealed.9. S
38、ampling9.1 Approximately 600 mL of fluid is needed per test.9.2 The test fluid shall be at room temperature, uniform inappearance, and free of any visible insoluble material prior toplacing in the test equipment.9.3 Water and insolubles shall be removed before testing, orfilter blocking and nozzle w
39、ear may occur. Filter blocking canbe detected by a sudden change in gauge pressure. Thetransport of insolubles to the shear zone will shorten nozzlelife.10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 Nozzle AdjustmentsIf the nozzle to be used is new orhas not been pre-calibrated, adjust the diesel injector
40、 nozzleholder with the nozzle in place. Adjust the nozzle using dieselfuel and a nozzle tester so that the valve opening pressure is13.0 MPa (1885 psi) under static conditions. If the nozzle hasbeen pre-calibrated with RL233 calibration oil, adjust the valveopening pressure to the calibration pressu
41、re prescribed, whichmust be between 13.0 MPa and 18.0 MPa (2611 psi).10.1.1 Install the nozzle and the nozzle holder in the testapparatus. The pintle/spray nozzle shall be tightly fitted in thechamber to avoid leakage of oil around the external surface ofthe spray nozzle.10.2 Measurement of Residual
42、 Undrained Volume, Vres:10.2.1 The residual undrained oil volume of the system isthe volume of the system between the three-way stopcockbelow the fluid reservoir, (8) in Fig. A1.1, and the injectornozzle orifice, (1). Vresdoes not include the atomizationchamber volume. When the residual undrained vo
43、lume isknown, go to 10.3.10.2.2 To determine residual undrained volume, first re-move as much fluid as possible by briefly running the pump.10.2.3 Remove the high-pressure lines, (16) in Fig. A1.1,and drain. Remove the plug at the end of the pump gallery todrain the remaining oil in the pump. Drain
44、atomizationchamber (2).10.2.4 Reassemble the system and close all drains. Theupper three-way stopcock (6) shall be open to the lowerreservoir (7) and the lower three-way cock (8) shall be open tothe pump suction (10).10.2.5 Add 170 mL of RL233 calibration oil to the lowerreservoir (7) and observe th
45、e level. Start the pump and run forseveral minutes until the oil is transparent and free of sus-pended air.10.2.6 Stop the pump. Drain the fluid in the atomizationchamber into a beaker and then pour the fluid back into thelower reservoir; draining to waste will result in an error in themeasurement o
46、f Vres. Allow the system to drain for 20 min andfree air trapped in the transparent connecting tube between thelower reservoir and pump.10.2.7 Observe the difference in oil level in the lowerreservoir compared to that noted in 10.2.5. Record this differ-ence as the residual volume, Vres.NOTE 9Undrai
47、ned residual volumes of 15 to 30 mL have beenreported by various users of this test. Vresmeasurements in excess of thismay occur when fluid in the atomization chamber is not poured back intothe lower reservoir as in 10.2.6, or if the length of line (10) is excessive.10.2.8 Calculate the run volume,
48、Vrun, which is the subtrac-tive difference between 170 mL and Vres.10.3 Cleaning the Apparatus, Setting the Stroke Counter,and Adjusting the Pump Stroke:10.3.1 Drain residual oil by way of drain line (17) from theatomization chamber into a waste container. Drain fluid in thecooling jacket by means o
49、f stopcock (6) (Fig. A1.1) and thefluid reservoir by means of stopcock (8), into suitable wastecontainers.10.3.2 After fluid has drained, leave the stopcock on thedrain line to the atomization chamber open and the three-waystopcock (6) positioned so that fluid in the cooling jacket drainsto a waste container. Position stopcock (8) so that the drain isclosed but the fluid reservoir is open to pump suction throughline (10). Add a minimum of 50 mL of RL233 to the fluidreservoir.NOTE 10Steps 10.3.2-10.3.7 are representative of the first and secondpurges with 5
