1、Designation: D6331 14D6331 16Standard Test Method forDetermination of Mass Concentration of Particulate Matterfrom Stationary Sources at Low Concentrations (ManualGravimetric Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6331; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、 the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method2 covers a method for the measu
3、rement of particulate matter (dust) concentration in emission gases in theconcentrations below 20 mg/m3 standard conditions, with special emphasis around 5 mg/m3.1.2 To meet the requirements of this test method, the particulate sample is weighed to a specified level of accuracy.At low dustconcentrat
4、ions, this is achieved by:1.2.1 Exercising extreme care in weighing,Precise and repeatable weighing procedures,1.2.2 Using low tare weight weighing dishes,1.2.3 Extending the sampling time at conventional sampling rates, or1.2.4 Sampling at higher rates at conventional sampling times (high-volume sa
5、mpling).1.3 This test method differs from Test Method D3685/D3685M by requiring the mass measurement of filter blanks, specifyingweighing procedures, and requiring monitoring of the flue gas flow variability over the testing period. It requires that the particulatematter collected on the sample filt
6、er have a mass at least five times a positive mass difference on the filter blank. High volumesampling techniques or an extension of the sampling time may be employed to satisfy this requirement. This test method hastightened requirements on sampling temperature fluctuations and isokinetic sampling
7、deviation. This test method has eliminatedthe in-stack filtration technique.1.4 This test method may be used for calibration of automated monitoring systems (AMS). If the emission gas contains unstable,reactive, or semi-volatile substances, the measurement will depend on the filtration temperature,
8、and in-stack methods may be moreapplicable than out-stack methods for the calibration of automated monitoring systems.temperature.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to ad
9、dress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1193 Specific
10、ation for Reagent WaterD1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of AtmospheresD2986 Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay Media by the Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test (Withdrawn2004)4D3154 Test Method for Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot Tube Method)1 This test method is u
11、nder the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheresand Source Emissions.Current edition approved June 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2016. Published July 2014October 2016. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approve
12、d in 20132014 asD6331 13.D6331 14. DOI: 10.1520/D6331-14.10.1520/D6331-16.2 This test method is based on ISO/CD 12141.3, “Stationary Source EmissionsDetermination of Mass Concentration of Particulate Matter (Dust) at LowConcentrationsManual Gravimetric Method”, available from International Organizat
13、ion for Standardization, Casa Postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva Switzerland.This testmethod was originally based on ISO/CD 12141.3, “Stationary Source EmissionsDetermination of Mass Concentration of Particulate Matter (Dust) at LowConcentrationsManual Gravimetric Method”, available from International Orga
14、nization for Standardization, Casa Postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva Switzerland.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the
15、 ASTM website.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technicall
16、y possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
17、00, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric PressureD3670 Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias of Methods of Committee D22D3685/D3685M Test Methods for Sampling and Determination of Particulate Matter in Stack GasesD3796 Practice
18、for Calibration of Type S Pitot TubesE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids2.2 ISO Standards:5ISO 5725 Precision of test methodsDetermination of repeatability and reproducibility by inter-labor
19、atory testsISO 9096 Stationary source emissionsDetermination of concentration and mass flow rate of particulate material ingas-carrying ducts. Manual gravimetric methodISO 10780 Stationary source emissionsMeasurement of velocity and volume flow rate of gas stream in ducts2.3 U.S. EPA Documents:6Refe
20、rence Method 1, 40 CFR 60, Appendix A Sample and velocity traverses for stationary sourcesReference Method 3A, 40 CFR 60, Appendix A Determination of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in emissions fromstationary sources (instrumental analyzer procedure)3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of ter
21、ms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 filtration temperaturethe temperature of the sampled gas immediately downstream of the filter.3.2.2 high volume samplingsampling at higher rates than typical in Test Methods D3685/D3685M
22、by using larger diameternozzles and higher flow rates to maintain isokinetic sampling conditions.3.2.2.1 DiscussionNozzle sizes are typically 20 to 50 mm, with corresponding flow rates from 5 to 50 m3/s.3.2.3 hydraulic diameter, dhdh 5 43area of sampling planeperimeter of sampling plane (1)3.2.3 in-
23、stack filtrationhydraulic diameter, dhfiltrationdh 5 43area of sampling planeperimeter of sampling plane (1)in the stack or duct where the filter in its filter housing is placed immediately downstream of the sampling nozzle and collectsparticulate matter in the flue gas, under flue gas conditions.3.
24、2.4 measurement seriessuccessive measurements carried out at the same sampling plane and at the same process conditions.3.2.5 out-stackout-of-stack filtrationa sampling technique where the filter, in its filter housing, collects particulate matterunder controlled temperature conditions outside of th
25、e stack or duct.3.2.6 overall blankthe sample taken in a manner identical to the flue gas test samples, except that the sampling duration isshortened to less than 1 min.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThe overall blank value is expressed in the same units as the measurement result (for example, mg/m3) using the a
26、verage samplingvolume of the measurement series. The overall blank includes possible deposits on the filter and surfaces upstream of the filter incontact with the sample gas.3.2.7 particulate matter (dust)solid particles of any shape, structure, or density dispersed in the gas phase at flue gastempe
27、rature and pressure conditions.3.2.7.1 Discussion5 Available from International Organization for Standardization, Casa Postals 56, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II,Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org
28、.6 Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System. Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.Available from United StatesEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA), William Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http:/www.epa.gov.D6331
29、162In accordance with the described test method, all material that may be collected by filtration under specified conditions and thatremains upstream of the filter and on the filter after drying under specified conditions are considered to be particulate matter.However, for the purposes of some regu
30、latory standards, the definition of particulate matter may extend to condensibles or reactedmaterials collected under specified conditions (for example, specified temperature lower than the flue gas temperature).3.2.8 sampling linethe line in the sampling plane along which the sampling points are lo
31、cated bounded by the inner duct wall.3.2.9 sampling planethe plane normal to the centerline of the duct at the sampling position.3.2.10 sampling pointthe specific position on a sampling line at which a sample is extracted.3.2.11 weighing control proceduresquality control procedures utilized for dete
32、cting/correcting apparent mass variations dueto climatic or environmental changes between pre- and post-sampling weighing series.3.2.11.1 DiscussionIn this procedure, control parts, which are identical to those to be weighed for dust measurement and are pretreated under the sameconditions, are used.
33、 The control parts are kept free from dust contamination.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample stream of the gas is extracted for a measured period of time at a controlled flow rate, and the volume of gascollected is subsequently measured. The particulate matter (dust) entrained in the gas sample is
34、 separated by a pre-weighed filter,which is then dried and reweighed. Deposits upstream of the filter in the sampling equipment are also recovered and weighed. Theincrease of mass of the filter and the deposited mass upstream of the filter plus the deposits collected upstream of the filter areattrib
35、uted to particulate matter collected from the sampled gas. The ratio of the mass of the particulate matter collected to thevolume of gas collected allows for the calculation of the flue gas particulate concentration.4.2 Valid measurements can be achieved only when:4.2.1 The gas stream in the duct at
36、 the sampling plane has a sufficiently steady and identifiedmeasurable velocity, a sufficienttemperature and pressure, and a sufficiently homogeneous composition;4.2.2 The flow of the gas is parallel to the centerline of the duct across the whole sampling plane;4.2.3 Sampling is carried out without
37、disturbance of the gas stream, using a sharp edged nozzle facing into the stream;4.2.4 Isokinetic sampling conditions are maintained throughout the test;4.2.5 Samples are taken at a preselected number of stated positions in the sampling plane to obtain a representative sample fora non-uniform distri
38、bution of particulate matter in the duct or stack.4.2.6 The sampling train is designed and operated to avoid condensation and to be leak free;4.2.7 Dust deposits upstream of the filter are recovered or taken into account, or both; and4.2.8 The sampling and weighing procedures are adapted to the expe
39、cted dust quantities.5. Significance and Use5.1 The measurement of particulate matter and collected residue emission rates is an important test method widely used in thepractice of air pollution control. Particulate matter measurements after control devices are necessary to determine total emissionr
40、ates into the atmosphere.5.1.1 These measurements, when approved by federal or state national, state, provincial, or other regional agencies, are oftenrequired for the purpose of determining compliance with regulations and statutes.5.1.2 The measurements made before and after control devices are oft
41、en necessary to demonstrate conformance with regulatoryor contractual performance specifications.5.2 The collected residue obtained with this test method is also important in characterizing stack emissions. However, the utilityof these data is limited unless a chemical analysis of the collected resi
42、due is performed.5.3 These measurements also can be used to calibrate continuous particulate emission monitoring systems by correlating theoutput of the monitoring instruments with the data obtained by using this test method.5.3.1 This test method is useful in such correlation applications when emis
43、sions are less than 20 mg/m3.5.3.2 The correlation test method is most valid when the monitoring instrumentation samples the particulate matter under thesame test conditions as this test method.6. Interferences6.1 Gaseous species present in stack gases that are capable of reacting to form particulat
44、e matter within the sample train canresult in positive interference.6.1.1 Examples include the potential reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to an insoluble sulfate compound in the moisture portionof the system (such as with limestone in flue gas following a wet flue gas desulfurization system (FGDS) t
45、o form calcium sulfateD6331 163(CaSO4) or the reaction with ammonia gas (NH3) to form ammonium sulfate (NH4)2 SO4 and the potential reaction of hydrogenfluoride (HF) with glass components in the sample train with resultant collection of silicon tetrafluoride (SiF4) in the impingers.6.1.2 Corrosion r
46、esidue in rinse of metallic nozzle and metallic probe liner when used in supersaturated, acidic flue gas streams.6.2 Volatile matter existing in solid or liquid form in the stack gas may vaporize after collection on the sample train filtrationmaterial due to continued exposure to the hot sample stre
47、am during the sampling period. Such an occurrence would result in anegative interference. See also Appendix X1.6.3 Residual material existing in sample nozzle, probe, filter housing, or glassware prior to testing.6.4 Residue present in solvent and water reagent(s).6.5 Transient dust and material pre
48、sent at sampling location (platform and port) and cleanup area.7. Requirements for Sampling Plane and Sampling Points7.1 Representative sampling is possible when a suitable location that has sufficiently homogeneous gas velocity at the samplingplane is available.7.1.1 Perform sampling at a sufficien
49、t number of sampling points, which are usually located on several sampling lines.Convenient access ports and a working platform are required for the testing. See U.S. EPA Reference Method 1, 40 CFR 60,Appendix A, or ASTM Test Method D3685/D3685M for additional criteria.7.2 Sampling Plane:7.2.1 The sampling plane shall be situated in a length of straight duct (preferably vertical) with a constant shape and constantcross-sectional area. The sampling shall be conducted as far downstream and upstream from any obstruction that may cause adisturbance and prod
