1、Designation: D 6426 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Filterability of Middle Distillate Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6426; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining thefilterability of distillate fuel oils wi
3、thin the viscosity range from1.70 to 6.20 mm2/s (cSt) at 40C.NOTE 1ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this testmethod are Specification D 396 Grade Nos. 1 and 2, Specification D 975Grades 1-D, low sulfur 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 2-D, and SpecificationD 2880 Grade Nos. 1-GT and 2-GT
4、.1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that containundissolved water.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with
5、 its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 396 Specification for Fuel OilsD 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
6、 OilsD 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-dures)D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleu
7、m ProductsD 4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Mid-Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Nu-merical Rating)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:ADJ6300 D2PP, Version 4.43, Determination of Precisionand Bias Data for Use in Test Methods f
8、or PetroleumProducts33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 For this test method, filterability is a measure of therapidity with which a standard filter medium is plugged byinsoluble matter in fuel and can be described in either of thefollowing two ways:3.1.1.1 filter
9、ability (by pressure)the pressure drop acrossa filter medium when 300 mL of fuel is passed at a rate of 20mL/min.3.1.1.2 filterability (by volume)the volume of fuel passedwhen 104 kPa (15 psi) is reached. This method of report is usedwhen less than 300 mL passes at that pressure.3.1.1.3 filterabilit
10、y quality factor (F-QF)a value that de-fines the filter plugging tendency of a fuel caused by particu-late. The value is calculated using the volume and pressureattained at the end of the test cycle. Depending on the outcomeof the test, two different equations are applied.3.1.1.4 DiscussionEq 1 is a
11、pplied if the total sample wasdischarged prior to reaching the maximum pressure or Eq 2 ifthe maximum pressure was reached prior to discharging theentire sample. The equations proportion the results so that acontinuous range of 0 100 is attained. Eq 1 yields valuesfrom 50 to 100, whereas Eq 2 yields
12、 values from 0 to 50.Higher values signify less particulate that can plug a filter of agiven pore size and porosity.(1) If the total sample (300 mL) is discharged prior to reaching themaximum pressure (104 kPa or 15 psi), the F-QF is calculated by thefollowing equation:F2QF300 mL at P F!5 15 psi 2 P
13、F! /15psi!50! 1 50! (1)where:P(F)= final pressure when the total sample (300 mL) wasdischarged.(2) If the total sample is not discharged prior to reaching themaximum pressure (104 kPa or 15 psi), the F-QF is calculated by thefollowing equation:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Comm
14、ittee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 642604.2For referenc
15、ed ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJD6300
16、.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F2QFV F! at 15 psi!5 VF!/ 6 (2)where:V(F)= final volume when the maximum pressure wasreached.3.1.1.5 DiscussionThe fin
17、al volume (V(F) is divided bysix, since the maximum possible volume is 300 mL. Bydividing by six, the values for that test result are proportionedto fit the range from 0 to 50.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample is passed at a constant rate (20 mL/min)through a standard porosity filter medium. The
18、 pressure dropacross the filter and the volume of filtrate are monitored. Thetest is concluded either when the pressure drop across the filterexceeds 104 kPa (15 psi) or when 300 mL have passed throughthe filter.4.2 Results are reported as either the volume that has passedthrough the filter when a p
19、ressure of 104 kPa (15 psi) has beenreached or the pressure drop when 300 mL have passedthrough the filter.4.3 Verification of the apparatus is required when there is adoubt of a test result, or when the apparatus has not been usedfor three months or more. It is not necessary to verify apparatusperf
20、ormance prior to each test.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory orfield in evaluating distillate fuel cleanliness.5.2 A change in filtration performance after storage, pre-treatment, or commingling can be indicative of changes in fuelcondition.5.3 Relativ
21、e filterability of fuels may vary depending onfilter porosity and structure and may not always correlate withresults from this test method.5.4 Causes of poor filterability in industrial/refinery filtersinclude fuel degradation products, contaminants picked upduring storage or transfer, incompatibili
22、ty of commingledfuels, or interaction of the fuel with the filter media. Any ofthese could correlate with orifice or filter system plugging, orboth.6. Apparatus6.1 Micro-Filter Analyzer:4NOTE 2The Micro-Filter can display the pressure in either kPa or psiunits by changing an internal jumper wire.6.1
23、.1 The apparatus is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1 andphotographically in Fig. 2. It is capable of measuring pressureupstream of the filtering element and the volume of samplepassed through the filter at a preset pressure level. Theapparatus is comprised of the following parts:6.1.1.1 Peristaltic
24、Pump, variable speed/flow rate, withfeedback speed control, adjusted to provide fuel delivery at aconstant rate of 20 6 1 mL/min, and incorporating a pulsedampening mechanism to produce a smooth flow.6.1.1.2 Pressure TransducerPressure transducer capableof measuring gage pressure in the range from 0
25、 to 104 kPa, in1.0 kPa increments (0 to 15 psi, in 0.1 psi increments).6.1.1.3 Three Digital DisplaysOne for pressure readoutcapable of interfacing with transducer (see 6.1.1.2) withdisplay range from 0 to 104 kPa in 1.0 kPa increments (0 to 15psi in 0.1 psi increments), one for volume readout with
26、displayrange from 0 to 300 mL in 1 mL increments, and one for F-QF.6.1.1.4 Fuel Reservoir ContainerPTFE-fluorocarbon,funnel shaped, 500 mL capacity.6.1.1.5 Collection ContainerGlass or plastic Erlenmeyerflask, 500-mL capacity.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Model 1143 Micro-Filter Analy
27、zer)known to the committee at this time is available from EMCEE Electronics, Inc., 520Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34292. If you are aware of alternate suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the respon
28、sible technical committee,which you may attend.NOTEFuel flow from reservoir, through pump, to container.FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Filterability ApparatusD64260726.1.1.6 Tygon Tubing,5fuel compatible, 3.1-mm (0.12-in.)inner diameter.6.1.1.7 Plastic In-line Splice Coupler, fuel compatible, ca-pable
29、of being inserted into, and making a seal in Tygon tubing(see 6.1.1.6).6.1.1.8 Plastic Tee Coupler, fuel compatible, capable ofbeing inserted into, and making a seal in Tygon tubing (see6.1.1.6).6.1.1.9 Plastic Luer-Loc Coupler, fuel compatible, one endcapable of being inserted into, and making a se
30、al in Tygontubing (see 6.1.1.6) and the other end into filter unit (see 6.2).6.2 FCell Filter Unit6Disposable, precalibrated assemblyconsisting of a shell and plug containing a 25-mm diameternylon membrane filter of nominal 5.0-m pore size, nominal60 % porosity, with a 158.9-mm2effective filtering a
31、rea. It islabeled in a white background with black lettering:D 6426, DIESEL (5.0), FCellt6.3 Accessories for Apparatus Verification Test:6.3.1 Measuring Cylinder, 500-mL capacity, with 1-mLgraduations.6.3.2 Pressure Gage, 350-kPa (50-psi) capability, gradua-tions 0.5 kPa (0.1 psi).6.3.3 Thermometer,
32、 having a range of 0 to 60C. Tempera-ture measuring devices that cover the temperature range ofinterest, such as the ASTM 1C thermometer, or liquid-in-glassthermometers, thermocouples, or platinum resistance ther-mometers that provide equivalent or better accuracy andprecision may be used.7. Samplin
33、g7.1 The fuel sample from which an aliquot is being drawnfor the purposes of this test must be representative of the lot offuel. Obtain the sample in accordance with the procedures ofPractice D 4057 or D 4177, and report (see 10.1) how and fromwhere it was obtained. The maximum sample size is dictat
34、edby the quantity that can be mixed thoroughly (see 9.3). If anyundissolved water is visually apparent (as determined by TestMethod D 4176 or D 4860, or both), discard and replace witha fresh sample.7.2 After thoroughly mixing, if the sample container such asa drum is too large to readily handle, us
35、e an epoxy-lined can ordark glass bottle as a transfer container to store an aliquot ofthe test sample. Prior to drawing the aliquot, rinse the transfercontainer three times with the product to be tested. Draw arepresentative 1 to 2-L aliquot from the sample container intoa transfer container. (Warn
36、ingBecause the situations underwhich samples are taken vary from laboratory to laboratory andfrom situation to situation, no firm recommendation for sam-pling can be given. It is the responsibility of the user of this testmethod to ensure the aliquot used in the test is representativeof the lot of f
37、uel.)8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Locate the apparatus on a level surface in an area wherethe temperature is between 15 and 25C (59 and 77F).8.2 Open the case, and assemble the apparatus as shown inFig. 2. If the Tygon tubing (see 6.1.1.6) is not attached asshown, carry out 8.2.1 to 8.2.2.8.2.1 At
38、tach one end of the Tygon tubing to the fuelreservoir container (6.1.1.4) and insert the plastic in-line splicecoupler (6.1.1.7) into the other end.8.2.2 Insert the plastic in-line coupler into another piece ofTygon tubing, thread the tubing in the peristaltic pump (see6.1.1.1), as shown in Fig. 3,
39、and clamp it in place by movingthe lever arm counterclockwise.NOTE 3The splice fitting prevents the tubing from being pulled intothe pump during operation. This also allows easy replacement of theportion of the tubing that is depressed by the pump rollers. To extend thelife of the Tygon tubing, when
40、 not in use, leave the clamp open or removethe tubing from the pump.5Tygon tubing was used in the round robin test program to generate the precisionand bias. Tygon is available from most laboratory supply houses.6A registered trademark of EMCEE Electronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice,FL 34285.FI
41、G. 2 Micro-Filter AnalyzerD64260738.2.3 Insert one end of the horizontal section of the plastictee coupler (6.1.1.8) into the tubing that is clamped in the pumpand attach two other sections of tubing to the other parts of thetee.8.2.4 Connect the tubing that is connected to the perpen-dicular part o
42、f the tee to the pressure transducer. Insert the hosebarbered portion of the Luer-Loc coupler (6.1.1.9) into theother section of tubing that is connected to the in-line part ofthe tee.8.3 Attach the power pack to the connector on the top of thecase and connect the power pack to an ac power source. T
43、urnthe instrument on by depressing the ON switch causing boththe POWER and MODE A lights to illuminate.8.4 Have a labeled FCell filter (see 6.2) ready for use.8.5 Verification of ApparatusAs required per 4.3, verifyapparatus performance by checking that the flow rate and thepressure transducer are w
44、ithin tolerance.8.5.1 Check the flow rate by performing a purge cycle toeliminate any air from the system. Subsequently, perform a testusing a fuel sample without a filter, collecting the sample in agraduate (see 6.3.1). Compare the volume collected withamount displayed. The amount displayed shall b
45、e approxi-mately 300 mL, and the amount collected shall be 285 to 315mL. Adjust the pump speed control, as required.8.5.1.1 If the proper flow rate can not be attained byadjusting the pump speed control, perform the followingoperation:(1) Release the tubing in the peristaltic pump,(2) Using both han
46、ds, grasp each end of the tubing that isengaged by the pump rollers,(3) Hold and alternately pull on each end to stretch thetubing,(4) Clamp the tubing in place, and(5) Repeat 8.5.1.8.5.2 Check the pressure by inserting a pressure gage (see6.3.2) at the end of the Tygon tubing where the filter would
47、 beinstalled. Perform a test using air only, and compare thereadings when approximately 104 kPa (15 psi) is displayed. Ifthe readings vary more than 67 kPa (1.0 psi), return theapparatus to the manufacturer.9. Procedure9.1 Measure the temperature (see 6.3.3) of the fuel in thetransfer container (see
48、 7.2), and if necessary, adjust to 15 to25C.9.2 Rinse the fuel reservoir container (see 6.1.1.4) withsome of the product to be tested.9.3 Shake the transfer container (see 7.2) vigorously forapproximately 2 min.9.4 Place 450 6 5 mL of the sample into the fuel reservoir(see 6.1.1.4). Check that the t
49、emperature is still within therange from 15 to 25C. Record the actual temperature. If anyundissolved water is visually apparent in the fuel at this time,as determined by Test Method D 4176 or D 4860, or both, thetest shall be abandoned and the presence of water shall bereported.9.5 Place the end of the Tygon tubing with the Luer-Loccoupler (see 6.1.1.9) into the collection container (see 6.1.1.5).9.6 Press and release the PURGE pushbutton. Approxi-mately 40 mLwill be drawn from the fuel reservoir through theTygon tubing and discharged into the coll
