1、Designation: D 6878 08Standard Specification forThermoplastic Polyolefin Based Sheet Roofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made fromthermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) as the principal polymer,intended for use in single-ply
3、 roofing membranes exposed tothe weather. The sheet shall contain reinforcing fabrics orscrims.1.2 The tests and property limits used to characterize thesheet are values intended to ensure minimum quality for theintended purpose. In-place roof system design criteria, such asfire resistance, field se
4、aming strength, material compatibility,and uplift resistance, among others, are factors which should beconsidered but are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values stated in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This stan
5、dard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicab
6、ility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD 1149 Test Methods for Rubber DeteriorationCrackingin an Ozone C
7、ontrolled EnvironmentD 1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperatureD 2137 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyBrittlenessPoint of Flexible Polymers and Coated FabricsD 5538 Practice for Thermoplastic ElastomersTerminology and Abbreviati
8、onsG 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG 155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatusfor Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials3. Materials and Manufacture3.1 The sheet shall be formulated from ethylene and higheralpha-o
9、lefin polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, inamounts greater than 50 %, by weight of the total polymercontent suitably compounded to satisfy the physical require-ments in the specification (see Practice D 5538).3.2 The sheet shall be capable of being heat welded, fused,or adhesively bonded to
10、 itself for making watertight fieldsplices and repairs, and the supplier or fabricator shall recom-mend suitable methods and materials.3.3 Sheet shall be reinforced with fabric or scrim.4. Physical Properties and Tolerances4.1 Each sheet specimen shall meet or exceed the physicalrequirements prescri
11、bed in Table 1.4.2 The tolerance for time conditions (aging, weathering,and so forth) is 615 min or 61 % of the period, whichever isgreater, unless otherwise specified.4.3 The tolerance for temperature conditions (aging, weath-ering, and so forth) is 62C (64F) of the specified tempera-ture, unless o
12、therwise specified.5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 The width and length of the sheet shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier.5.1.1 The width and length tolerance shall be +3 %, 0 %.5.1.2 The thickness tolerance shall be +15 %, 10 % ofthickness agreed upon by the purcha
13、ser and supplier, but in nocase shall it be less than the minimum in Table 1.6. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance6.1 The sheet, including factory seams, if present, shall bewatertight and free of pinholes, particles of foreign matter,protruding fibers or reinforcement, undispersed raw material,1Th
14、is specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.18on Nonbituminous Organic Roof Coverings.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 2003. Last previous edition ap
15、proved in 2006 as D 6878 06a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 1
16、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.nicks and cuts, voids, thin areas, delaminations or othermanufacturing defects that might adversely affect serviceabil-ity.6.2 Edges of the sheets shall be capable of being seamed toone another without fishmouthing.7.
17、 Test Methods7.1 DimensionsTest Methods D 751, after permitting thesheet to relax at 23C (73F) for 1 h.7.2 Thickness, Sheet OverallRefer to Test Methods D 751for Type I.7.3 Thickness of Coating Over Scrim (ReinforcingFabric)Optical Method described in Annex A1.7.4 Breaking StrengthTest Methods D 751
18、, Grab Method.7.5 Elongation at BreakTest Methods D 751, GrabMethod.7.6 Tearing StrengthTest Methods D 751, 2 in./min jawspeed. (8 by 8 in. sample size).7.7 Brittleness PointTest Methods D 2137, Method B.7.8 Ozone ResistanceTest Method D 1149. Inspect at 73magnification on specimens exposed to 100 m
19、Pa (1 3 10-5psi)ozone in air at 40C (104F). Specimens shall be wrappedaround a 75-mm (3-in.) diameter mandrel for 166 h exposure.Specimen shall be wrapped around the same size mandrel forinspection. The required specimen width is 25 mm (1.0 in.).7.9 Heat AgingTest Method D 573. Age sheet specimensfo
20、r 670 h at 116C (240F). Specimens are then cut from theaged sheet for testing of breaking strength, elongation, and soforth.7.10 Linear Dimensional ChangeTest Method D 1204.Age specimen for 6 h at 70C (158F) or 1 h at 100C (212F).7.11 Water AbsorptionTest Method D 471 for 166 h at70C (158F). Test pe
21、rformed on top coating material only.(Use Test Method D 471, Procedure for Change in Mass.)7.12 Factory Seam StrengthTest Methods D 751, GrabMethod. Modify procedure by cutting a 25 mm (1.0 in.) wideby 300 mm (12 in.) long sample across the lap seam. Place injaws approximately 50 mm (2.0 in.) from e
22、dges of the overlaparea and test at a jaw separation rate of 5 cm/min (2 in./min).7.13 Weather ResistanceAccelerated weathering testsshall be performed using Practice G 155.7.13.1 Practice G 151 and G 155Xenon-arc apparatusshall be operated in accordance with the following conditions:Filter Type Day
23、lightIrradiance 0.35 to 0.70 W/(m2 nm) at 340 nm.The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation of the irradiance settingis 60.02 W/(m2 nm).Cycle 690 min light, 30 min light plus waterspray on the front surfaceUninsulated Black PanelTemperature80C. The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation is 62.5C
24、.Relative Humidity 50 %. The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation is 65%.Spray Water Refer to Practice G 155, section 6.6.1.Typical water temperature used for specimenspray is 21 6 5C, but if ambient temperatureis low and a holding tank is not used to storepurified water, the water temperature c
25、an bebelow the typical range.Specimen Repositioning Refer to Practice G 155, section 9.5Radiant Exposure 10 080 kJ/(m2 nm) at 340 nm(1209.6 MJ/m2at 300 to 400 nm)Inspect at 73 magnification for aging.Chamber Air Temperature(where applicable)50C. The maximum allowable operationalfluctuation is 62C.No
26、teIf the operational fluctuations are greater than the maximum allowableafter the equipment has stabilized, discontinue the test and correct the cause ofthe problem before continuing.7.13.2 Perform the weathering tests on the intact sheet withthe weathering side facing the lamps. Mount specimens for
27、exposure under no strain. After exposure, the specimens shallbe removed, wrapped around a 75 mm (3 in.) mandrel, andinspected for cracks and crazing. A specimen is rated “pass” ifno cracks or crazing is observed. Determine physical propertiesas specified by Table 1.8. Inspection8.1 Inspection of the
28、 material shall be agreed upon betweeninvolved parties.9. Rejection and Resubmittal9.1 Failure to conform to any one of the requirementsprescribed in this specification shall constitute grounds forrejection. Rejection shall be reported to the supplier promptlyand in writing. The seller shall have th
29、e right to reinspect therejected shipment and resubmit the lot after removal of thosepackages not conforming to the specified requirements.10. Product Marking10.1 The sheet shall be identified on the side intended to beexposed to the weather with this ASTM designation and eitherthe name of the manuf
30、acturer or supplier or TPO. The type ofidentification is at the manufacturers option. Such identifica-tion shall occur at intervals not to exceed3m(9ft,10in.) inthe long direction. The identification shall be applied in such amanner as to be legible five years from installation. Identifi-cation shal
31、l not be required when so specified by the purchaser.11. Packaging and Package Marking11.1 The material shall be packaged in a standard commer-cial manner, unless otherwise specified, so as to be acceptableby commercial or other carriers for safe transportation to thepoint of delivery.TABLE 1 Physic
32、al Requirements for TPO SheetThickness, min, mm (in.)Sheet-overall 1.0 (0.039)Coating over fabric or scrim, weathering side only 0.305 (0.012)Breaking strength, min, N (lbf) 976 (220)Elongation at reinforcement break, min, % 15Tearing strength, min, N (lbf) 245 (55)Brittleness point, max, C (F) -40
33、(-40)Ozone resistance, no cracks PassProperties after heat aging: (retained values)Breaking strength, % min 90Elongation at reinforcement break, % min 90Tearing strength, % min 60Weight change (mass), max % 61Linear dimensional change, max, % 61Water absorption, max, mass % 63.0AFactory seam strengt
34、h, min, N (lbf) 290 (66)Weather resistance:Visual inspection PassATest performed on top coating material only. (Use Test Method D 471,Procedure for Change in Mass.)D687808211.2 Shipping containers shall be marked with:11.2.1 The name of the material,11.2.2 Product code,11.2.3 ASTM number,11.2.4 Size
35、 or quantity, and11.2.5 Name of manufacturer or supplier.12. Keywords12.1 flexible sheet; roofing; roofing material; single-plyroofing membrane; thermoplastic polyolefin; TPOANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. OPTICAL METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF COATING OVER SCRIM (REINFORCING FABRIC)FOR TYPE
36、 I SHEETA1.1 ScopeA1.1.1 This method measures the thickness of the coatingover reinforcing fabric.A1.2 Measurement MethodA1.2.1 PrincipleThe thickness of coating material overfiber, fabric, or scrim can be observed with a standardreflectance microscope. Measurement is made with a calibratedeyepiece.
37、A1.2.2 Apparatus:A1.2.2.1 Microscope,603 with reticle.A1.2.2.2 Light SourceIf light source on the microscope isnot adequate, use a small high-intensity lamp.A1.2.2.3 Stage Micrometer, 0.0254 mm (0.001 in.) divi-sions.A1.2.3 Calibration Procedure:A1.2.3.1 Place a standard reflectance stage micrometer
38、 inplace of the specimen.A1.2.3.2 Turn on the microscope light source.A1.2.3.3 Position the reticle eyepiece and the micrometersuch that the scales are superimposed. Focus the reticle byturning the eyepiece. Focus the specimen and reticle by turningthe vertical adjustment knob.A1.2.3.4 Locate a poin
39、t at which both scales line up. Countthe number of micrometer divisions away. Measure to thenearest 0.0125 mm (0.0005 in. or 0.5 mil). The calibration maybe optimized by increasing the number of divisions measured.A1.2.3.5 Repeat the calibration three times and average theresults. A calibration exam
40、ple is given below.A1.2.3.6 If four reticle divisions (RD) are found equal to 4.5micrometer divisions (MD), then:1RD!54.5/4MD! or 1 RD!51.125 MD!Since 1 micrometre division is also equal to 25.4 m (0.001in. or 1.0 mil); therefore, 1(RD) = 28.6 m (0.001125 in. or1.125 mils) or the calibration factor.
41、A1.2.4 Specimen Analysis:A1.2.4.1 Carefully center a sharp single-edge razor orequivalent over the fiber intersections along the x-x axis.A1.2.4.2 Make a clean bias cut completely through thesheet.A1.2.4.3 Remove the razor-cut section and mount in com-mon putty with the cut surface facing upward.A1.
42、2.4.4 Observe the cut surface with the eyepiece reticle.Measure the thickness of the coating on either side of thethread intersection by counting the number of reticle divisions(to the nearest one-half division).A1.2.4.5 Sample three areas of the coatings and average theresults.A1.3 Calculation and
43、ReportA1.3.1 Multiply the number or reticle divisions representingthe thickness of the coating by the calibration factor. Report theaverage results from the three areas of the coating to the nearest12.7 m (0.0005 in. or 0.5 mils).A1.4 Precision and BiasA1.4.1 PrecisionMeasurements are accurate to 61
44、2.7 m(0.005 in. or 5.0 mils) when the thickness is about 0.05 mm(0.020 in. or 20 mils).A1.4.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for measuring coating thick-ness, no statement on bias is being made.D6878083ASTM International takes no position respectin
45、g the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standa
46、rd is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internationa
47、l Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.Th
48、is standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D6878084
