1、Designation: D7217 11D7217 16Standard Test Method forDetermining Extreme Pressure Properties of Solid BondedFilms Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) TestMachine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yea
2、r oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining ex
3、treme pressure properties of solid bonded films under high-frequencylinear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of
4、the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A295/A295M Specification fo
5、r High-Carbon Anti-Friction Bearing SteelD2510 Test Method for Adhesion of Solid Film LubricantsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD5706 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Greases Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillatio
6、n (SRV) Test MachineD7421 Test Method for Determining Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricating Oils Using High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation(SRV) Test MachineE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of SteelG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion2.2 Other Standards:DIN EN ISO 68
7、3-17 Heat-treated Steels, Alloy Steels and Free-Cutting SteelsPart 17: Ball and Roller Bearing Steels3DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)Surface Texture: Profile Method; Surfaces HavingStratified Functional PropertiesPart 2: Height Characterization Using Linear Material
8、Ratio Curve Replacement of DIN4776:1990: Measurement of Surface Roughness; Parameters RK, RPK, RVK, Mr1, Mr2 for the Description of the MaterialPortion3SAE AS5272 Lubricant, Solid Film, Heat Cured, Corrosion Inhibiting Procurement Specification4AMS 2562B Biaxial Wheel Fatigue Test43. Terminology3.1
9、Definitions:3.1.1 break-in, nin tribology, an initial transition process occurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accompaniedby transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, or both, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribological systems long-termbehavior. G401 This test me
10、thod is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.L0.05 on Solid Lubricants.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2016. Published March 2012March 2017. Originally approved in 2005. Last p
11、revious edition approved in 20102011 asD721705(2010)D7217 11. 1. DOI: 10.1520/D7217-11.10.1520/D7217-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards
12、 Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, D-10787 Berlin, Germany.4 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.15096, http:/www.sae.org.This document is not an ASTM
13、standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all
14、cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 coeffc
15、ient of friction, or , nin tribology, the dimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodies to thenormal force (N) pressing these bodies together. G403.1.3 Hertzian contact area, nthe apparent area of contact between two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against eachother, as calcula
16、ted from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation. G403.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, nmagnitude of the pressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, as calculatedfrom Hertzs equations of elastic deformation.The Hertzian contact pressure can also be calculated and reported as maximu
17、m valuePmax in the centre of the contact or as Paverage as average over the total contact area. D74213.1.5 lubricant, nany material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear, or both, between them.D41753.1.6 solid bonded film (sbf), nconsists of physically dried or chemically
18、 hardened (cured) bonded solid films as well as ofinorganic matrices containing embedded organic or inorganic, or both, solid lubricants with or without lattice layers or soft metalsor combinations of these. Synonymssolid film lubricants (Test Method D2510), bonded solid film lubricant (SAEAS5272),
19、andthin lubricating film (AMS 2562B).3.1.6.1 DiscussionDry solid film lubricants are dry coatings consisting of lubricating powders in a solid matrix bonded to one or both surfaces to belubricated. D25103.1.7 Ra (C.L.A.), nin measuring surface finish, the arithmetic average of the absolute distances
20、 of all profile points from themean line for a given distance.53.1.8 Rz (DIN), nin measuring surface finish, the average of all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessment length.63.1.9 Rpk, nreduced peak height according to DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998. Rpk is the mean height of the peak sticki
21、ng outabove the core profile section.3.1.10 Rvk, nreduced valley height according to DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998. Rvk is the mean depth of the valley reachinginto the material below the core profile section.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 extreme pressure, adjin lubrication, cha
22、racterized by metal surfaces in contact under high-stress rubbing conditions.3.2.2 seizure, nlocalized fusion of metal between the rubbing surfaces of the test pieces. D57063.2.2.1 DiscussionSeizure is indicated by a sharp rise in the coefficient of friction, over steady state, of greater than 0.2 f
23、or over 20 s. In severe cases,a stoppage in the motor will occur.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 SRV, nSchwingung, Reibung, Verschleiss (German); oscillating, friction, wear (English translation).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is performed on an SRVtest machine using a steel test ball oscilla
24、ting against a steel test disk with lubricantbetween them. Test load is increased in 100-N100 N increments until seizure occurs. The load, immediately prior to the load atwhich seizure occurs, is measured and reported.NOTE 1Test frequency, stroke length, temperature, and ball and disk material can b
25、e varied to simulate field conditions. The test ball yieldspoint-contact geometry. To obtain line or area contact, test pieces of differing configurations can be substituted for the test balls.5. Significance and Use5.1 This laboratory test method can be used to quickly determine extreme pressure pr
26、operties of parts coated with solid bondedfilms at selected temperatures specified for use in unlubricated applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions arepresent with high Hertzian point contact. This test method has found wide application in qualifying solid bonded films used in
27、automotive door lock mechanisms, hinge joints, bolts, and in aerospace. This test method is a material and application orientedapproach for characterizing the tribological behaviour using random, discrete and constant parameter combinationscombinations.Users of this test method should determine whet
28、her results correlate with field performance or other applications.5 Aerospace Material Specifications.5 Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785, Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, p. 21.6 Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin
29、MI-TP-003-0785, Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, pp. 31, 29.D7217 1626. Apparatus6.1 SRV Test Machine,7illustrated in Figs. 1 and 1-24.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Balls,752100 steel, 6060 HRC 6 2 HRC, 0.0250.025 m 6 0.005-m0.005 m Ra surface finish, = 10-mm10 mmdiameter
30、.NOTE 2The test can also be performed using rollers of antifriction bearings ( = 15 mm; length = 22 mm, parabolic border regions). regions on eachside of 3.5 mm). Using 2000 N as normal force possible in SRV III to SRV V models conducts only to a maximum initial Hertzian contact pressure ofP0max = 8
31、08 MPa, which is far away from the capability of most SBFs.Alternatively, a smaller roller in = 6 mm with length = 8 mm and 2 mm parabolicborder regions on each side generates P0max = 2474 MPa.7.2 Lower Test Disk,7vacuum arc remelted (VAR)AISI 52100 steel with a inclusion rating using method D, Type
32、A, as severitylevel number of 0.5 according to Test Methods E45, Specification A295/A295M, or a inclusion sum value K1 10 according toDIN EN ISO 683-17 and spherodized annealed to obtain globular carbide, Rockwell hardness number of 6060 HRC 6 2 onRockwell C scale (HRC), HRC, the surfaces of the dis
33、k being lapped and free of lapping raw materials. The topography of thedisk will be determined by four values: 0.5 m 20 sCoefficient of friction, f (cut-off value for one-off increase of level): 0.55FIG. 4 Test Chamber Elements of SRV Models IV and VD7217 1658.8.3 Test parameters:Frequency: 20 HzStr
34、oke: 2.00 mmPre-load: 20 N for 30 sTest load: running-in under 20 N for 2 min, then steps of 10 N with aduration of 1 min, 3 min, or 6 min until the maximum test load(usually 2000 N) has been reached.Total test duration:With 1 min step duration up to 172.5 min;With 3 min step duration up to 512.5 mi
35、n;With 6 min step duration up to 1022.5 minNOTE 6Because a 30 s break-in at 50 N is used, the load increase times will occur on the half minute of even minutes.8.8.4 Sample rates for result-relevant measurement channels:Coefficient of friction, f: #32 msStroke: #2 sTest load: #2 sFrequency: #2 sTemp
36、erature: #2 sAfter that, apply a load increment of 100 N every 2 min.NOTE 7For SRV V models, it is recommended to do one sampling per period (that is, 20 ms) for coefficient of friction and stroke.9. Procedure9.1 Procedure for All SRV ModelsCheck the coated disk for visible damage or corrosion. Clea
37、n the test ball and coated diskby wiping the surfaces with laboratory tissue soaked with the cleaning solvent. Repeat wiping until no dark residue appears on thetissue. Immerse the test ball and disk in a beaker of the cleaning solvent under ultrasonic vibration for 10 min. Dry the test balland disk
38、 with a clean tissue to ensure no streaking occurs on the surface.SRV III, IV, and V models are fully computer-controlledand allow automated tests.9.1.1 Check the coated disk for visible damage or corrosion. Clean the test ball and coated disk by wiping the surfaces withlaboratory tissue soaked with
39、 the cleaning solvent. Repeat wiping until no dark residue appears on the tissue. Immerse the test balland disk in a beaker of the cleaning solvent under ultrasonic vibration for 10 min. Dry the test ball and disk with a clean tissueto ensure no streaking occurs on the surface.NOTE 8Ensure that the
40、binder is resistant to the solvent. In the case that the binder is not resistant to the solvent, wipe only the coated disk surfacewith a laboratory tissue.9.1.2 Place the cleaned test ball on the top and in the middle of the coated disk specimen.9.1.3 Ensure that the test load unit is in the release
41、 position (refer to operating manual for details).NOTE 5Ensure that the binder is resistant to the solvent. In the case that the binder is not resistant to the solvent, wipe only the coated disk surfacewith a laboratory tissue.9.2 Place the cleaned test ball on the top and in the middle of the coate
42、d disk specimen.9.2 Ensure the machine is unloaded (indicated by a load reading of 13 or 14 N) and carefully place coated disk specimen andtest ball on the test area platform.Procedure for SRV III, IV, and V Models:9.2.1 Open theAssistant for starting a test in the SRV control software. Select the c
43、reated set-point profile and, if necessary (forexample, SRV V), the data logger configuration and proceed through the Assistant until the pre-load has been applied.9.2.2 Then set the test load unit to 20 N and release and retighten the ball and disk clamps to a torque of 2.5 Nm.9.2.3 The heater cont
44、rol starts automatically and heats up to the pre-set and desired temperature. 50 C or 80 C.9.2.4 Follow the directions in the Assistant for starting a test in the SRV control software until the automated test run mode(waiting for reaching start conditions) is started. The test starts automatically w
45、hen the pre-set delay (for example, 300 s) hasexpired. The test can also be started manually.9.2.5 The test is ended when the last test load step has been passed, or when failure occurs. Failure is indicated by a sharp risein the coefficient of friction of greater than 0.2 over steady state for over
46、 20 s, or a stoppage in the oscillating of the test machine.If no stoppage occurs, the O.K./pass load needs to be determined manually by reading the recording chart for the coefficient offriction (and stroke).9.4 Tighten both the ball and disk clamps until resistance to tightening just begins. Then
47、load unit to 20 N and tighten the balland disk clamps to a torque of 2.5 Nm. Maintain the load of 20 N for break-in.9.5 Turn on the heater control, and set to the desired temperature, for example, 50C.9.6 Set the load charge amplifier to setting that corresponds to the 400-N load.9.7 Change the load
48、 charge amplifier at each load in accordance with the manufacturers instructions when the coefficient offriction at each test load is to be studied.D7217 1669.8 When the temperature has stabilized, turn on the chart recorder or PC and depress the drive start toggle switch until the timerbegins to co
49、unt and then adjust the stroke amplitude knob to 2.00 mm.9.3 When the digital timer reaches 30 s, increase the load to 20 N using the slow ramp speed rate and maintain this load for2 min. The 2-min interval includes the loading ramp sequence. Increase the load by 10 N every 1, 3, or 6 min using the slow rampuntil the load limit of the test apparatus is attained, or failure occurs. Failure is indicated by a rise in coefficient of friction of greaterthan 0.2 over steady state for over 20 s or a stoppage in the oscillating o
