1、Designation: D 7443 08Standard Practice forMinimum Geospatial Data for Underground Coal MiningExtents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7443; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the minimum elements for theaccurate location and description of data for defining under-ground coal mini
3、ng extents.1.1.1 This practice addresses coal mining geospatial datarelative to the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of1977 (SMCRA).2This geospatial data shall be obtained fromeach state, tribal, or federal (or combinations thereof) coalmining Regulatory Authority (RA) authorized under SMC
4、RAto regulate the surface effects of underground coal miningoperations (UCMO).1.1.2 As used in this practice, underground coal miningextents represent an area where coal removal has occurredwithin a defined UCMO.1.2 This practice applies to pre-SMCRA and post-SMCRAunderground coal mining extents.1.3
5、 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This practice
6、offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice maybe applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is notintended to re
7、present or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved throu
8、gh the ASTM consensus process.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 5254 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements toIdentify a Ground-Water SiteD 5911 Practice for Minimum Set of Data Elements toIdentify a Soil Sampling SiteD 7384
9、Practice for Minimum Geospatial Data for a CoalSurface Mining Permit Boundary2.2 ANSI Standards:4ANSI INCITS 61-1986 (R2002) Geographic Point Loca-tions for Information Interchange, Representation of (for-merly ANSI X3.61-1986 (R1997)ANSI INCITS 320-1998 (R2003) Information technology-Spatial Data T
10、ransfer2.3 Federal Geographic Data Committee Standards:5FGDC-STD-001 Content Standard for Digital GeospatialMetadata2.4 Code of Federal Regulations:630 CFR Part 700 et seq.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Except as listed or noted below, all defini-tions are in accordance with Terminology D 653.3.2 De
11、finitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 active UCMOa UCMO that has ongoing under-ground coal production, reclamation activities, or both.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface andSub
12、surface Characterization.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008.2Public Law 95-87, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977(SMCRA), passed August 3, 1977, as amended.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Serv
13、ice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Federal Geograph
14、ic Data Committee, 590 National Center,Reston, VA 20192, http:/www.fgdc.gov.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
15、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2 attributea defined characteristic of a feature type(for example, an attribute of Permit Status feature type =active).3.2.3 attribute valuea specific quality or quantity as-signed to an attribute for a specific feature instance.3.2.4 contact
16、jurisdictional regulatory authority respon-sible for issuance and compliance of a coal-mining permit.3.2.5 data statusdate when state and tribal data, or fea-ture, was edited in national UCMO permit data set.3.2.6 domaina finite list (or range) of permissible valuesfor a specified attribute. Include
17、d are tables of: units ofmeasure, types, styles, status, names, methods, materials,dispositions, sources, dimensions, data, classes, etc. (for ex-ample, active, inactive, NA).3.2.7 feature classa logical group of related feature types(for example, grouping of water system components featuretypes suc
18、h as water hydrant, water line, water pump, waterreservoir, water tank, etc. into a water system feature class).3.2.8 feature instancereal-world spatial phenomenonabout which data is collected, maintained, and disseminated.Feature instances are the geospatial objects that are graphicallydelineated i
19、n a spatial database.3.2.9 feature typedefinition and description of a set (classof real world phenomena) into which similar feature instancesare classified (for example, water reservoir).3.2.10 g-ringa ring created from strings, arcs, or both.3.2.11 g-polygonan area consisting of an interior area,o
20、ne outer g-ring and zero or more non-intersecting, non-nestedinner g-rings. No ring, inner or outer, must be collinear orintersect any other ring of the same g-polygon.3.2.12 inactive UCMOa UCMO that has no coal extrac-tion or reclamation activity taking place.3.2.13 national IDpermit ID assigned to
21、 UCMO by RA,prefixed with state or tribal abbreviation.3.2.14 National Mine Map Repositorythe National MineMap Repository (NMMR), is part of the United States Depart-ment of the Interior (DOI), Office of Surface Mining Recla-mation and Enforcement (OSM). It is the central locationwhere OSM collects,
22、 archives and maintains over 134 000abandoned (coal and non-coal) mine map images and informa-tion on microfilm and in their database for the entire country.This information is available to the public.NOTE 1Images are archived on microfilm or in electronic format atthe repository, but the actual map
23、s are returned to their owners.3.2.15 line segmenta direct line between two points.3.2.16 permitwritten authorization to conduct coal min-ing and reclamation operations issued by a RA to a permittee.3.2.17 permit areathe area of land, indicated on the latestmap approved by the RA, upon which the per
24、mittee mayconduct coal mining and reclamation operations.3.2.18 permit boundarythe border of potential coal min-ing operations indicated on the latest map approved by the RA.3.2.19 permit IDunique identifier assigned by the RA foradministrative purposes.3.2.20 permit statusto distinguish between act
25、ive andinactive UCMO.3.2.21 permitteean entity to whom a permit has beenissued by a RA to conduct underground coal mining andreclamation operations.3.2.22 pointa zero-dimensional geometric object thatspecifies geographic location.3.2.23 polygona two-dimensional closed geometric shapethat specifies a
26、 geographic area.3.2.24 reclamationthose actions taken to restore minedland to the post-mining land use approved by the RA.3.2.25 regulatory authorityentity with exclusive jurisdic-tion over the regulation of coal mining and reclamationoperations under a program approved by the Secretary of theU.S.
27、Department of the Interior.3.2.26 underground coal mining extentsundergroundmining areas where coal extraction has occurred; the perimeterof mine workings or coal extraction areas in an UCMO.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 UCMOUnderground Coal Mining Operations(s)3.3.2 NMDSNational Map Data Steward, the OSM des-
28、ignated liaison with the RA3.3.3 OSMOffice of Surface Mining Reclamation andEnforcement, U.S. Department of the Interior3.3.4 RARegulatory Authority3.3.5 SMCRASurface Mining Control and ReclamationAct of 1977, as amended3.3.6 MSHAMine Safety and Health Administration3.3.7 NMMRNational Mine Map Repos
29、itory4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice addresses underground coal mining extentgeospatial data relative to the Surface Mining Control andReclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA). This practice is signifi-cant to the coal mining community because it provides foruniformity of geospatial data pertaining
30、to underground coalmine extents for mines located throughout the United States.These standards will help ensure uniformity of data contributedby each RA and assist organizations in future efforts to createand utilize geospatial data relative to underground coal miningextents in the United States. Th
31、e first standard developed isPractice D 7384, Practice for Minimum Geospatial Data for aCoal Surface Mining Permit Boundary.4.2 Underground mine geospatial data shall be obtainedfrom State and Federal regulatory authorities for undergroundmining extents. The coal mining community encompasses allenti
32、ties directly and indirectly affected by coal mining activi-ties, including industry, environmental groups and the govern-ment at all levels within the United States. Use of this standardwill help create consistent maps and increase awareness ofunderground mining extents throughout the United States
33、. Thisstandard creates well organized and easily accessible under-ground coal mining extents data, and it will lead to bettercommunication between the RAs and federal offices, thepublic, industry and environmental groups.4.3 As used in this practice, the geospatial data represents anarea where coal
34、removal occurred within a defined UCMO. Anunderground mine extent is defined as a polygon or polygons.A lack of data from any RA will create a gap in the nationalunderground mining extents geospatial data set. This nationalcoal mining data set consists of underground coal miningD7443082extents data
35、from each RA, which will show the locations ofunderground coal mines throughout the United States. Cur-rently, each coal producing state organizes their data in adifferent method, and their own naming conventions andterminology. By establishing national geospatial data stan-dards, guidance is provid
36、ed to RA coal mining programs thatdo not have any geospatial data standards of their own. Thispractice creates an easier and more efficient way to utilize andshare underground mining extent geospatial data between RAsand the coal mining community.4.4 If there is a lack of uniform practices among RAs
37、,certain attributes of the underground coal mining extents datamay not be present in some RAss geospatial data. If this is thecase, the finished data set for underground coal mining extentswill appear to be incomplete for certain states, but in reality,some underground coal mining extents geospatial
38、 data will notbe collected for those states, since it may not be applicable tothem.4.5 This standard conforms to the definition of a DataContent Standard as promulgated by the U.S. Federal Geo-graphic Data Committee (FGDC). Terminology and definitionsfor identifying geographical features and describ
39、ing the datamodel have been adopted from the FGDC Spatial DataTransfer Standard.4.6 Although this standard is written specifically for theunderground coal mining industry, its general purpose andcontent may be applicable to other underground mining ex-tents.5. Procedure5.1 IntroductionThe list of un
40、derground coal mining ex-tents individual location characteristics (also known as at-tributes) represent the minimum data elements necessary todevelop and maintain a nationwide geospatial data set depict-ing underground coal mining extents. The data set may serve asa layer in The National Map, an on
41、line, interactive map servicesponsored by a consortium of US Federal, State, and localpartners and hosted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).The National Map provides a consistent framework for high-quality, geospatial data and information from multiple partnersto enhance Americas ability to acces
42、s, integrate, and applycurrent, accurate, and nationally consistent digital data atglobal, national, and local scales.5.2 Coordinates and Related DataCoordinates and re-lated geospatial data allow underground coal mining extents tobe accurately positioned on the earths surface in a variety ofrecogni
43、zed datums, grid systems, and geographic projections.The underground coal mining extents are compiled fromvarious SMCRA state and tribal data resources that utilizedifferent datums and coordinate and projection systems. Alldata will have identified datums and coordinate and projectionsystems with as
44、sociated precision or accuracy (or both) valuesand will be re-projected to match the spatial reference param-eters utilized in The National Map. The NorthAmerican Datumof 1983 (NAD 83) should be used as the datum. ANSI INCITS61-1986 (R2002) contains additional guidance on representa-tion of coordina
45、tes.5.3 OSM will coordinate with the National Map DataSteward (NMDS) to make available a service containing accessto a national data set of underground coal mining extents. Thisnational data set will have the minimum attributes specified inTable 1. Extraneous attributes or fields will be removed. Th
46、eNMDS will perform a format check to determine if thesubmittal meets the standard. The NMDS also will conduct atechnical review of the data to assess the accuracy andcharacteristics of the data files.UndergroundCoal MiningExtent AttributeDefinition Example Data Type Domain CommentState/TribeMine IDU
47、nique identifier 2939829 Text AlphanumericMSHA ID Not unique but does linkto other data sets39-39022 Text AlphanumericCompany Responsibility XYZ Coal Co. Text AlphanumericMine Name Common name for mine Peterson Mine Text AlphanumericCoal Bed Name Geologic name, as reported in thepermit document, or
48、determinedby the RA or unknown/undeterminedAppleton no. 2 Text AlphanumericSource Map Year* Latest year on map 1977 Text Year The source documentmay not representthe “final” mine extentNational ID State/tribal Abbrev.+MineIDWV1201834 Text AlphanumericContact Source for Data West Virginia Departmento
49、f Environmental ProtectionText Alphanumeric,added automaticallyData Status Last Edit Date 01/30/2007 Date Last Updated/ Changed To determine lastupdate of dataComment Any additional comment,as reported bythe RAMulti seam,combined surface for example, uniquethere can only be one “coun-ties” layer in the entire database.5.3.6 Origin of Underground Coal Mining ExtentsGeometryThe feature geometry must originate from the bestdata available to the RA. For contemporary, post-SMCRA,underground coal mining extents, feature geometry and at-tributes w
