1、Designation: D7528 13D7528 17Standard Test Method forBench Oxidation of Engine Oils by ROBO Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7528; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described inthis test method. However, the A
3、STM Test Monitoring Center2 (TMC) provides reference oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratorywill know whether its use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those obtained byother laboratories. Furthermore,
4、 various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such arequirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this This test method is written for us
5、e by laboratories that utilize the portions of thetest method that refer to the TMC services. Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services maysimply ignore these portions.This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may issue supplem
6、entary memoranda related to the method.1. Scope*1.1 This test method describes a bench procedure to simulate the oil aging encountered in Test Method D7320, the SequenceIIIG engine test method. These aged oils are then tested for kinematic viscosity and for low-temperature pumpability propertiesas d
7、escribed in the Sequence IIIGA engine test, Appendix X1 of Test Method D7320.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsThere are no SI equivalents for some apparatus in Section 6, and there are so
8、me figures where inch units areto be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicabili
9、ty of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections 7 and 8.1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:SectionScope 1Reference Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Reagents and Materials 7Hazards 8Reference Oil Test
10、ing and Test Stand Calibration 9Procedure 10Cleaning 11Calculations and Determination of Test Results 12Report 13Precision and Bias 141 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
11、D02.B0.07 on Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests Methods.Current edition approved May 1, 2013May 1, 2017. Published June 2013May 2017. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 asD7528 09.D7528 13. DOI: 10.1520/D7528-13.10.1520/D7528-17.2 ASTM Test Monitoring Ce
12、nter, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depi
13、ct all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Internation
14、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SectionKeywords 15AnnexesReaction Vessel Annex A1Reaction Vessel Head Annex A2Reaction Vessel-to-Head Seal Annex A3Agitator Turbine Blade Annex A4Agitator Packing Gland Annex A5Nitrogen Dioxide Graduated Tube Ann
15、ex A6Vacuum System Plumbing Annex A7Vacuum Trap Condensers Annex A8Setting the Vacuum Control Valve Annex A9AppendixesSample Preparation and Addition Appendix X1Charging the Liquid Nitrogen Dioxide Appendix X2Nitrogen Dioxide Precision Needle Valve Appendix X3Example of an Assembled ROBO Apparatus A
16、ppendix X4Information Package to Aid Setting Up a New Robo Apparatus Appendix X51.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides an
17、d Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Prod
18、ucts, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low TemperatureD5293 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between
19、10 C and 35 C Using Cold-CrankingSimulatorD7320 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine2.2 SAE Standard:4SAE J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have the perfor
20、mance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.2 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.2.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the p
21、erformance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seals) that interact with oils. D41753.1.3 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidate oil.D41753.1.4 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in an established
22、procedure. D41753.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 aged oil, na test oil after it has been subjected to the 40-h aging process in a ROBO apparatus.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 ROBO, nRomaszewski Oil Bench Oxidation53 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or c
23、ontactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.5 Kinker, B. G., Romaszewski,
24、 R. A., and Palmer, P. A., “ROBOA Bench Procedure to Replace Sequence IIIGA Engine Test,” Journal of ASTM International (JAI), Vol4, No. 10, 2007, Paper ID JAI 100916. Available online from www.astm.org.D7528 1724. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test oil is combined with a small amount of iron ferroc
25、ene catalyst and placed in a 1 L reaction vessel. That mixtureis stirred and heated for 40 h at 170 C with air flowing across the liquid surface under negative pressure. In addition, nitrogendioxide and air are introduced below the reaction surface.After cooling, the oxidized, concentrated test oil
26、is subjected to pertinentviscometric tests. Evaporated oil is condensed in order to weigh it and calculate evaporative loss.5. Significance and Use5.1 This bench test method is intended to produce comparable oil aging characteristics to those obtained with ASTM TMCSequence IIIGA matrix reference oil
27、s 434, 435 and 438 after aging in the Sequence IIIG engine test.5.2 To the extent that the method generates aged oils comparable to those from the Sequence IIIG engine test, the measuredincreases in kinematic and MRV viscosity indicate the tendency of an oil to thicken because of volatilization and
28、oxidation, as inthe Sequence IIIG and IIIGA (see Appendix X1 in Test Method D7320) engine tests, respectively.5.3 This bench test procedure has potential use in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such asSpecification D4485.6. Apparatus6.1 Balances:6.1.1 Analytical Balance
29、Capable of weighing 200 g with a minimum indication resolution of 0.1 g.6.1.2 Analytical BalanceCapable of weighing 0.1 g with a minimum indication resolution of 0.001 g.6.2 Fume Hood, that vents to the outside atmosphere (see Section 8).6.3 Reaction Vessel (ACE Glass, Inc. part number D120676),6,7
30、a 1 L, thick-walled glass vessel having a nominal 100 mm innerdiameter and with a bottom, sample/drain valve. The lower half has an Instatherm8,7 coating, rated at approximately 400 W, forheating the test mixture. A diagram is shown in Fig. A1.1.6.4 Vessel HeadThe vessel head is a stainless steel pl
31、ate of sufficient diameter to completely cover the lower glass vessel andprovide ample material for a sturdy mounting system. Reimel Machine, Inc. part number RMI-1002-DH9,7 has been shown to besuitable for this application. The vessel head may also be constructed as described in AnnexA2. Users may
32、also source some partsfrom Reimel Machine, Inc. and some in-house. Ensure the plate has a center hole for an agitator shaft and threaded ports to allowfilling and for the attachment of air/nitrogen dioxide lines, vacuum control and relief valves, and a temperature probe. Fig. A2.1defines the locatio
33、ns of these ports. Mill the bottom surface of this stainless steel plate to accept a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)ring seal for centered attachment of the glass vessel as described in AnnexA3. Reimel Machine, Inc. part number RMI-1007-DH9,7has been found suitable for this purpose.6.5 Stirrer MotorA
34、n electric motor with drill chuck collet capable of sustained operation at 200 r/min 6 5 r/min.6.6 StirrerAn 8 mm diameter stainless steel rod, 30 mm long with a means of attaching a blade assembly at the bottom. Theturbine blade assembly diameter is 2.58 in. (65.5 mm) with 1.4 mm thick blades attac
35、hed at a 45 pitch with an overall blade heightof 0.985 in. (25.0 mm). Construct the stirrer as described in Annex A4. Reimel Machine, Inc. part number RMI-1001-DH9,7 hasbeen found suitable for this purpose. Attach the stirrer to the reactor head by means of a packing gland constructed as describedin
36、 Annex A5. Reimel Machine, Inc. part number RMI-1004-DH9,7 has been found suitable for this application. Attach the stirrerto the stirrer motor by inserting the 8 mm steel rod through the opening in the reactor head and the packing gland, and insert PTFErope packing to create a seal. Position the bl
37、ade 6 mm from the bottom of the vessel.6.7 Air Supply SystemCapable of delivering an uninterrupted flow of dry air into the test oil via a subsurface feed throughoutthe reaction time period. An in-line, desiccant-charged, drying system has been found suitable. Ensure the subsurface feed tubeopening
38、remains below the surface of the test fluid for the duration of the test.NOTE 1As the amount of test oil remaining at the end of the test is not always known at the beginning of the test, it is advisable to configure thedry-air tube location such that the opening of the tube is as close to the agita
39、tor and as close to the bottom of the reactor as practical (without contactingthe agitator or blocking the tube opening).6.8 Graduated Tube (Ace Glass, Inc., part number D120677),6,7 12 mL capacity, with 0.1 mL graduations and havingappropriate provisions for connection to the reaction vessels subsu
40、rface gas delivery systemsee Annex A6 for more details. Byreceiving liquid phase nitrogen dioxide from a gas bottle, this tube allows measurement of nitrogen dioxide depletion from the tubeover the course of the reaction.6 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this tim
41、e is Ace Glass, Inc., P.O. Box 688, 1430 NW Blvd., Vineland, NJ 08362-0688.7 If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee1 which you may attend.8 Instatherm is a
42、 registered trademark of Ace Glass, Inc., P.O. Box 688, 1430 NW Blvd., Vineland, NJ 08362-0688.9 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Reimel Machine, Inc., 2575 Wyandotte Rd., Willow Grove, PA 19090.D7528 1736.9 Temperature Control SystemAcontroller and p
43、robe capable of being programmed to control reaction temperature via lowoutput wattage at or below 40 V ac and with an operational hysteresis of 0.1 C using an on/off algorithm. Alternatively, aproportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm may also be used. Position the temperature probe tip so t
44、hat it is level with thebottom of the turbine blade with a distance of 8 mm between the probe center and the blade edge.6.9.1 As the temperature may not be uniform throughout the reactor, it is important from the point of view of precision that thetemperature is always monitored and controlled at th
45、e specified position inside the reactor. When reassembling the reactor for anew run, reposition the probe, if necessary, as it is easily bent.6.10 Flow Meters:6.10.1 Acrylic Block Airflow Meter (King Instrument Co., 7520 Series, Order number 2C-17),10,7 having a scale of 0.4 to 4Standard Cubic Feet
46、per Minute (SCFM), with 14-in. NPT threaded female pipe end. It is used for measuring air flow in 10.3.2.The machined fitting for the top of the flow meter shall accommodate the vacuum line from the condenser to the reactor with a38-in. inside diameter or larger. The machined fitting for the bottom
47、of the flow meter shall accommodate the 14-in. vacuum controlvalve.NOTE 2SCFM is the volumetric flow rate of a gas corrected to standardized conditions of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity, thusrepresenting a precise mass flow rate. However, the definitions of standard conditions vary. In
48、 this method, the flow meter is calibrated with air at standardconditions defined as a temperature of 70F, a pressure of 14.6 psia and 0 % relative humidity.6.10.2 Airflow Meter, with a scale calibrated in mL/min for measuring subsurface airflow of 185 mL/min in 10.3.1 and 10.3.2.6.11 Vacuum SystemA
49、 pump with a free air capability of at least 160 L/min is required to ensure a constant air flow acrossthe reaction surface in the vessel of 2.0 6 0.1 SCFM with 61 kPa vacuum for 40 h. Instructions for constructing the vacuumplumbing for the vessel are given in Annex A7. As explained in Annex A7, it is critical to follow these instructions precisely.6.12 Vacuum Control ValveA stainless steel needle valve with 14-in. outside diameter tube connections and a flow coefficient(Cv) of 0.37. A McMaster-Carr Supply Company needle valve part number 4
