1、Designation: D7547 14D7547 14a An American National StandardStandard Specification forHydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7547; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract a
3、nd is intendedprimarily for use by purchasing agencies.1.2 This specification defines a specific type of aviation gasoline, containing no lead. It does not include all gasolinessatisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a na
4、rrower,range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.Unleaded aviation gasoline defined by this specification is for use inengines and associated aircraft that are specifically approved by the engine and aircraft manufacturers. This fuel is not consideredsuitable for use in other engi
5、nes and associated aircraft that are certified to use only leaded aviation gasolines of the same octanegrade.1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the timeand place of delivery.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to b
6、e regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and
7、 determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD323 Test Method for Va
8、por Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products
9、byHydrometer MethodD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Num
10、ber of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD3341 Test Method for Lead in GasolineIodine Mon
11、ochloride MethodD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petrole
12、um Products1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.02 on J2 Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Fuels.Current edition approved May 1, 2014May 15, 2014. Pu
13、blished May 2014July 2014. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asD7547 13.D7547 14. DOI: 10.1520/D7547-14.10.1520/D7547-14A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
14、ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically
15、 possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standa
16、rdCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Metho
17、d for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5059 Test Methods for
18、Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray SpectroscopyD5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD7547 14a2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.
19、1 Definitions:3.1.1 unleaded aviation gasoline, ngasoline possessing specific properties suitable for fueling aircraft powered byreciprocating spark ignition engines, where lead is not intentionally added for the purpose of enhancing octane performance.3.1.1.1 DiscussionPrincipal properties include
20、volatility limits, stability, detonation-free performance in the engine for which it is intended, andsuitability for low temperature performance.4. Classification4.1 One grade of unleaded aviation gasoline is provided, known as: Grade UL 91.NOTE 1Grade UL 91 is based on its octane number as measured
21、 by Test Method D2700 motor method.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Unleaded aviation gasoline, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist of blends of refinedhydrocarbons derived from crude petroleum, natural gasoline, or blends, thereof, with synthetic hydrocarbons or aromat
22、ichydrocarbons, or both.5.2 AdditivesThese may be added to each grade of unleaded aviation gasoline in the amount and of the composition specifiedin the following list of approved materials. The quantities and types shall be declared by the manufacturer. Additives added afterthe point of manufacture
23、 shall also be declared.5.2.1 AntioxidantsThe following oxidation inhibitors may be added to the gasoline separately, or in combination, in totalconcentration not to exceed 12 mg 12 mg of inhibitor (not including weight of solvent) per litre of fuel.5.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol.5.2.1.
24、2 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.5.2.1.3 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol.5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol plus 25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.5.2.1.5 75 % minimum di- and tri-isopropyl phenols plus 25 % maximum di- and tri-tertiary butylphenols.5.2.1.6 72 % m
25、inimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol plus 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl tertiarybutylphenols.5.2.1.7 N,N-di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.5.2.1.8 N,N-di-secondary-butyl-para-phenylenediamine.5.2.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)One of the following may be used:5.2.2.1 Isopropyl Alc
26、ohol (IPA, propan-2-ol), in accordance with the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type II). May beused in concentrations recommended by the aircraft manufacturer when required by the aircraft owner/operator.D7547 14a3NOTE 2Addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) can reduce knock ratings below minimum
27、 specification values (see X1.2.3).35.2.2.2 Di-Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME), conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type III)may be used in concentrations of 0.10 0.10 volume % to 0.15 volume % when required by the aircraft owner/operator.5.2.2.3 Test Method D5006 may b
28、e used to determine the concentration of Di-EGME in aviation fuels.5.2.3 Electrical Conductivity AdditiveStadis 4504 in concentrations up to 3 mg/L is permitted. When loss of fuel conductivitynecessitates retreatment with electrical conductivity additive, further addition is permissible up to a maxi
29、mum cumulative level of5 mg/L of Stadis 450.45.2.4 Corrosion Inhibitor AdditiveThe following corrosion inhibitors may be added to the gasoline in concentrations not toexceed the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) listed for each additive.DCI-4A MAC = 24 g/m3DCI-6A MAC = 15 g/m3HITEC 580 MAC = 22.
30、5 g/m3NALCO 5403 MAC = 22.5 g/m3NALCO 5405 MAC = 11.0 g/m3PRI-19 MAC = 22.5 g/m3UNICOR J MAC = 22.5 g/m3SPEC-AID 8Q22 MAC = 24.0 g/m3TOLAD 351 MAC = 24.0 g/m3TOLAD 4410 MAC = 22.5 g/m36. Detailed Requirements6.1 The unleaded aviation gasoline shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.6
31、.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance shall bemade for the precision of the test methods. To determine the conformance to the specification requirement, a test result may berounded to the same number of significant figures
32、as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determinations are made, theaverage result, rounded according to Practice E29, shall be used.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The unleaded aviation gasoline specified in this specification shall be free from undissolved water, sediment, and s
33、uspendedmatter. The odor of the fuel shall not be nauseating or irritating. No substances of known dangerous toxicity under usual conditionsof handling and use shall be present.8. Sampling8.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling procedures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate pr
34、ocedures inPractice D4057 or Practice D4177.8.1.1 Although automatic sampling following Practice D4177 may be useful in certain situations, initial refinery specificationcompliance testing shall be performed on a sample taken following procedures in Practice D4057.8.2 A number of unleaded aviation g
35、asoline properties, including copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, and others are verysensitive to trace contamination which can originate from sample containers. For recommended sample containers, refer to PracticeD4306.9. Report9.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformance with th
36、e requirements of this specification shall be mutually agreedto by the purchaser and the supplier of the unleaded aviation gasoline.10. Test Methods10.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods:10.1.1 Knock Value (MON)Tes
37、t Method D2700.10.1.2 DensityTest Methods D1298 or D4052.10.1.3 DistillationTest Method D86.10.1.4 Vapor PressureTest Methods D323 or D5191.10.1.5 Freezing PointTest Method D2386.10.1.6 SulfurTest Method D2622.10.1.7 Net Heat of CombustionTest Methods D4529 or D3338.10.1.8 Corrosion (Copper Strip)Te
38、st Method D130, 2 h test at 100C100 C in bomb.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1526.4 Stadis is a registered trademark marketed by Innospec, Inc., Innospec Manufacturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port,
39、 Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK.D7547 14a410.1.9 Potential GumTest Method D873 except that wherever the letter X occurs (referring to oxidation time) insert thenumber 5, designating the number of hours prescribed in this specification.10.1.10 Water ReactionTest Method D1094.10.1.11 Electrical ConductivityTe
40、st Method D2624.10.1.12 Lead ContentTest Method D3237 and D3341.11. Keywords11.1 Avgas; aviation gasoline; gasoline; unleaded Avgas; unleaded aviation gasolineTABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Unleaded Aviation GasolineAOctane Ratings Grade 91 ASTM Test MethodBKnock value, Motor Octane NumberC min 9
41、1.0 D2700Knock value, Research Octane Num-berCmin 96.0 D2699Density at 15C, kg/m3 Report D1298 or D4052Density at 15 C, kg/m3 Report D1298 or D4052Distillation D86Initial boiling point, C ReportFuel Evaporated10 volume % at C max 7540 volume % at C min 7550 volume % at C max 10590 volume % at C max
42、135Final boiling point, C max 170Sum of 10% + 50% evaporatedtemperatures, Cmin 135Recovery volume % min 97Residue volume % max 1.5Loss volume % max 1.5Vapor pressure 38C, kPa minmax38.049.0D323 or D5191DVapor pressure 38 C, kPa minmax38.049.0D323 or D5191DFreezing point, C max 58E D2386Sulfur, mass
43、% max 0.05 D2622Net heat of combustion, MJ/kgF min 43.5 D4529 or D3338Corrosion, copper strip, 2 h at 100C max No. 1 D130Corrosion, copper strip, 2 h at 100 C max No. 1 D130Oxidation stability (5 h aging)G D873Potential gum, mg/100 mL max 6Water reaction D1094Volume change, mL max 2Electrical conduc
44、tivity, pS/m max 450H D2624Lead Content, g/L (g/U.S. gal) max 0.013 (0.05) D3237 or D5059Tetraethyl Lead, g Pb/L max 0.0130 D3237 or D5059IIdentifying Color OrangeDye Content, mg/LJ max 6.0A For compliance of test results against the requirements of Table 1, see 6.2.B The test methods indicated in t
45、his table are referred to in Section 10.C Knock ratings shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 octane number.D Test Method D5191 shall be the referee vapor pressure method.E If no crystals have appeared on cooling to 58C,58 C, the freezing point may be reported as less than 58C.58 C.F For all grades u
46、se either Eq 1 or Table 1 in Test Method D4529 or Eq 2 in Test Method D3338. Test Method D4809 may be used as an alternative. In case of dispute,Test Method D4809 shall be used.G If mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, a 16 h aging gum requirement may be specified instead of
47、the 5 h aging gum test; in such case thegum content shall not exceed 10 mg/100 mL. In such fuel the permissible antioxidant shall not exceed 24 mg/L.H Applies only when an electrical conductivity additive is used; when a customer specifies fuel containing conductivity additive, the following conduct
48、ivity limits shall applyunder the condition at point of use:Minimum 50 pS/mMaximum 450 pS/m.The supplier shall report the amount of additive added.I Test Method C.J The maximum dye concentration shown does not include solvent in dyes supplied in liquid form.D7547 14a5APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Informatio
49、n)X1. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINEX1.1 IntroductionX1.1.1 Unleaded aviation gasoline is a complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons that vary widely in their physical andchemical properties. The engines and aircraft impose a variety of mechanical, physical, and chemical environments. The propertiesof unleaded aviation gasoline (Table X1.1) shall be properly balanced to give satisfactory engine performance over an extremelywide range of conditions.X1.1.2 The ASTM requirements summarize
