1、Designation: D7983 17Standard Test Method forShrinkage of Carpet Backing Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7983; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluatingshrinkage, in both wet and dry conditions, of woven, knittedand nonwoven backing fabrics designed
3、 for use in the manu-facture of pile yarn floor coverings. Determination of carpetbacking shrinkage was previously contained within Test Meth-ods D2646. For consistency, Subcommittee D13.21 extractedthis portion and created a separate test method.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be r
4、egardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathemati-cal conversions to SI units that are provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of
5、 the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2646 Test Meth
6、ods for Backing Fabric Characteristics ofPile Yarn Floor CoveringsD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.
7、3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:backing fabric, nonwoven fabric, shrinkage.3.1.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 HOT WET ProcedureThe backing fabric is first mea-sured to a specific length in each principle
8、direction. The fabricthen is immersed in hot distilled or deionized water, dried, andremeasured. The shrinkage is calculated as the change in lengthexpressed as a percentage of the length before immersion.4.2 HOT DRY ProcedureThe backing fabric is first mea-sured to a specific length in each princip
9、le direction. The fabricis then exposed to dry heat and remeasured. The shrinkage iscalculated as the change in length expressed as a percentage ofthe length before exposure.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be useful in characterizing andcomparing shrinkage properties of both primary
10、and secondarybacking fabrics. This test method is considered satisfactory foracceptance testing of commercial shipments because currentestimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, andthis test method is commonly used in the trade for acceptancetesting.5.1.1 If there are differences of p
11、ractical significancebetween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isstatistical bias between them using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, use test samples for such comparativetests that are as homogeneous as p
12、ossible, drawn from the samelot of material as the samples that resulted in the disparateresults during initial testing, and that are randomly assigned inequal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test resultsfrom the laboratories should be compared using statistical testfor unpaired data at
13、a probability level chosen prior to thetesting series. If a bias is found either its cause must be foundand corrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.6. Sampling6.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, takeat random the number
14、 of rolls or pieces, as directed in anapplicable material specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls or pieces ofmaterial to be the primary sampling units. In the absence ofsuch agreement, take one roll or piece from the lot to be tested.NOTE 1An adequ
15、ate specification or other agreement between the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D7983-172For referen
16、ced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
17、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade
18、Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween rolls or pieces of floor covering and between specimens from aroll or pieces of floor covering to provide a sampling plan with ameaningful producers risk, consumer
19、s risk, acceptable quality level, andlimiting quality level.6.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing, take asample from a roll approximately 1.5 yd (1.5 m) long extend-ing the width of the material from each roll or piece in the lot.Exclude fabric from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wrap
20、around the core.6.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit,take three specimens as described in 8.2.1.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition the specimens as directed in Practice D1776in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.8. ProcedureOption 1: Hot Water Method8.1 Apparatus:8.1.1 Metal or G
21、lass Pan, approximately 13 by 13 in. (330by 330 mm) by at least 1 in. (25 mm) deep.8.1.2 Circulating Air Oven, controlled at 158 6 4F(70 6 2 C).8.1.3 Waterproof Marker, or Staple Gun, or any other devicethat will produce a suitable waterproof mark.8.1.4 Reagent, sodium lauryl sulfate.8.1.5 Ruler or
22、Digital Measurement Device, capable ofmeasuring to 0.1 in. (2 mm).8.2 Number of Specimens:8.2.1 From the 1.5 yd (1.5 m) fabric sample, cut threespecimens approximately 12 by 12 in. (30 by 30 cm) each,spaced across the width of the roll. For woven fabrics take nospecimen containing the same warp yarn
23、s or the same fillingpicks and cut all specimens parallel to the warp and the filling.Take no specimen closer than 10 in. (25 cm) to the selvage andno closer than 1 yd (1 m) from the end of the roll. Identify theprinciple directions of each specimen if necessary.8.3 Preparation of Specimens:8.3.1 La
24、y out the specimens without tension on a flat,horizontal surface, taking care that there are no wrinkles orcreases. Using a ruler or a suitable template, place waterproofmarks at locations along each specimen such that two equidis-tant spans measuring 10 6 0.1 in. (250 6 2 mm) are markedin each prin
25、ciple direction. Within each specimen, the markedspans should be located at positions 1 in. (25 mm) from eachledge (see Fig. 1). Identify the principle directions of thematerial if necessary and mark a corner as a starting place.8.3.2 Using a ruler or measurement device, begin at thestarting corner
26、and measure the two marked spans in eachprinciple direction to the nearest 0.1 in. (2 mm). Avoidstretching or applying excessive tension to the fabric duringmeasurement. Record these measurements as original lengths.8.4 Procedure:8.4.1 Place the specimens in the pan and cover them to adepth of appro
27、ximately 1 in. (25 mm) with a solution of 0.1 %wetting agent in tap water brought to an initial temperature of170 6 4F(776 2 C). Soak the specimen for 1 h.8.4.2 Drain off the wetting solution. Place the specimens onpaper towels or blotting paper to remove the excess solution.Do not squeeze or press.
28、8.4.3 Place the specimens flat on a screen and dry in an ovenfor at least4hat1586 4F(706 2 C). Remove thespecimens from the oven and allow them to return to ambientroom conditions.8.4.4 Re-measure the marked spans of the specimens in bothdirections as directed in 8.3.2, and record the measurements a
29、sfinal lengths.8.5 Calculation:8.5.1 For each principle direction, average the measure-ments of the distance between the marks of the specimenbefore and after treatment. For each specimen, calculate theshrinkage in percent by Eq 1 as follows:Shrinkage, % 5 L12 Lf!L1# 3 100 (1)where:L1= average origi
30、nal length, andLf= average final length.8.6 Report:8.6.1 State that the tests were performed as directed in TestMethod D7983 Option 1, for shrinkage to hot water conditionsand report the following information:8.6.2 The dimensional change in the form of shrinkage orgrowth,8.6.3 The percent change, to
31、 the nearest 0.1 %, in eachprinciple fabric direction for each laboratory sample (averageof three specimens), and8.6.4 Any deviations from the recommended durations orconditions.9. ProcedureOption 2: Dry Oven Method9.1 Apparatus:9.1.1 Circulating Air Oven, maintained at specified tem-perature within
32、 64F(62 C).FIG. 1 Diagram for MarkingD7983 1729.1.2 Marker, or Staple Gun, or any other device that willproduce a suitable permanent mark.9.2 Number of Specimens:9.2.1 Take three specimens as directed in 8.2.9.3 Preparation of Specimens:9.3.1 Prepare specimens as directed in 8.3.9.4 Procedure:9.4.1
33、Place the specimens on a perforated shelf in an ovencontrolled at a specified or agreed-upon temperature within64F (6 2 C) and heat for 15 min. In the absence of aspecified or agreed-upon temperature, use 257 6 4F(125 6 2 C)9.4.2 Remove specimens from the oven and condition asdirected in Test Method
34、 D1776.9.4.3 Re-measure the specimens as directed in 8.4.4, statingthat the test was performed as directed according to Option 2,dry oven method.9.5 Calculation:9.5.1 Calculate the results as directed in 8.5.9.6 Report:9.6.1 Report the information and results as directed in 8.6.10. Precision and Bia
35、s10.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study of WK33654, New Standard Test Methodfor Shrinkage of Carpet Backing Fabrics, conducted in 2013.Six laboratories participated in this study. Each of the sixlaboratories was asked to report triplicate results for threedifferen
36、t materials being tested for shrinkage in two directions.Every “test result” reported represents an individual determi-nation. Practice E691 was followed for the design and analysisof the data; the details are given in anASTM Research Report.310.1.1 Repeatability (r)The difference between repetitive
37、results obtained by the same operator in a given laboratoryapplying the same test method with the same apparatus underconstant operating conditions on identical test material withinshort intervals of time would in the long run, in the normal andcorrect operation of the test method, exceed the follow
38、ingvalues only in one case in 20.10.1.1.1 Repeatability can be interpreted as the maximumdifference between two results, obtained under repeatabilityconditions, that is accepted as plausible due to random causesunder normal and correct operation of the test method.10.1.1.2 Repeatability limits are l
39、isted in Tables 1-4.10.1.2 Reproducibility (R)The difference between twosingle and independent results obtained by different operatorsapplying the same test method in different laboratories usingdifferent apparatus on identical test material would, in the longrun, in the normal and correct operation
40、 of the test method,exceed the following values only in one case in 20.10.1.2.1 Reproducibility can be interpreted as the maximumdifference between two results, obtained under reproducibilityconditions, that is accepted as plausible due to random causesunder normal and correct operation of the test
41、method.10.1.2.2 Reproducibility limits are listed in Tables Tables1-4.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D13-1144. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.TABLE 1 Percent Fabric Shrinkage, Wet (machine-direct
42、ion)AverageAxRepeat-abilityStandardDeviationsrRepro-ducibilityStandardDeviationsRRepeat-abilityLimitrRepro-ducibilityLimitRWovenpolypropylene18-pick primary0.49 0.22 0.31 0.61 0.86Wovenpolypropylene5-picksecondary1.25 0.36 0.69 1.02 1.93Wovenpolypropylene12-picksecondary1.42 0.20 0.36 0.55 1.01AThe
43、average of the laboratories calculated averages.TABLE 2 Percent Fabric Shrinkage, Dry (machine-direction)AverageAxRepeat-abilityStandardDeviationsrRepro-ducibilityStandardDeviationsRRepeat-abilityLimitrRepro-ducibilityLimitRWovenpolypropylene18-pick primary2.06 0.25 0.71 0.70 1.98Nonwovenpolyesterpr
44、imary1.31 0.17 0.30 0.48 0.83Wovenpolypropylene12-picksecondary4.14 0.53 1.65 1.49 4.61AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.TABLE 3 Percent Fabric Shrinkage, Wet (cross machine-direction)AverageAxRepeat-abilityStandardDeviationsrRepro-ducibilityStandardDeviationsRRepeat-abilityLimitr
45、Repro-ducibilityLimitRWovenpolypropylene18-pick primary0.21 0.09 0.25 0.26 0.70Wovenpolypropylene5-picksecondary1.86 0.37 0.46 1.04 1.30Wovenpolypropylene12-picksecondary1.64 0.19 0.38 0.53 1.08AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.D7983 17310.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit
46、and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.10.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with 10.1.1 and 10.1.2would have an approximate 95 % probability of being correct.10.2 BiasAt the time of this study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for thi
47、s testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.10.3 The precision statement was determined through sta-tistical examination of 216 results, from six laboratories, onthree materials.NOTE 2To judge the equivalency of two test results, it is recom-mended to choose the sample type closest in
48、 characteristics to your testmaterial.11. Keywords11.1 carpet; knitted fabric; nonwoven fabric; pile yarn floorcovering; primary backing; secondary backing; shrinkage;woven fabricASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item me
49、ntionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comment
