1、Designation: D8076 17Standard Specification for100 Research Octane Number Test Fuel for AutomotiveSpark-Ignition Engines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8076; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements of a highoctane number fuel suitable for spark-ignition engines to
3、 beutilized in ground vehicles that will require 100 research octanenumber (RON) minimum rated fuel.1.1.1 The fuels described by this specification are intendedfor developing technologies that lead to reduced vehicle energyconsumption, such as higher compression ratio, higher powerdensity, increased
4、 turbocharger boost pressure, smaller sweptdisplacement volume, and operation at lower engine speeds.1.1.2 The fuels described in this test fuel specification mayor may not meet all of the performance or regulatory require-ments for use in vehicles using commercial gasoline.1.2 The fuels covered in
5、this specification may containoxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers, at up to 50 % byvolume. This specification covers fuels that may contain bothfossil and bio-derived components.1.2.1 Fuels containing methanol are not included in thisspecification.1.3 This specification provides a description of
6、 high RONfuel for automotive spark-ignition engines that are not cur-rently in the marketplace but are being developed and requirea defined standard test fuel. The high RON fuel could becomeavailable in the marketplace if/when such engines are intro-duced in commerce. The specification is under cont
7、inuousreview, which can result in revisions based on changes in fuel,automotive requirements, or test methods, or a combinationthereof.All users of this specification, therefore, should refer tothe latest edition.NOTE 1If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of SpecificationD8076, contact AST
8、M International Headquarters.1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard.1.4.1 ExceptionNon-SI values are provided for informa-tion only. U.S. federal regulations frequently specify non-SIunits.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with it
9、s use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels
10、at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (In-duction Period Method)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Produ
11、cts (LampMethod)D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3120 Test Method for Trace Quant
12、ities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline byAtomicAbsorp-tion SpectroscopyD3831 Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By AtomicAbsorption SpectroscopyD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD
13、4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lu
14、bricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D8076-167.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at s
15、erviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordanc
16、e with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D4177 Practice for Automatic Samplin
17、g of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blend-ing with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-IgnitionEngine FuelD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition
18、EngineFuelD4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopy
19、D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Min
20、i MethodAtmospheric)D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates inGasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen SelectiveFlame Ionization DetectionD5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels forVolatility MeasurementD5845 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Etha
21、nol and tert-Butanol inGasoline by Infrared SpectroscopyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD5983 Specification for Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether(MTBE) for Downstream Blending for Use inAutomotiveSpark-Ignition Engine FuelD6378 Test Method for Det
22、ermination of Vapor Pressure(VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, andHydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple ExpansionMethod)D6920 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Naphthas, Distillates,Reformulated Gasolines, Diesels, Biodiesels, and MotorFuels by Oxidative Combustion and Electrochemical De-tect
23、ionD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7220 Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, andJet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersi
24、ve X-rayFluorescence SpectrometryD7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol andButanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatog-raphyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorg
25、anic Chloride inFuel Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using AqueousSample InjectionD7667 Test Method for Determination of Corrosiveness toSilver by Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelThinSilver Strip MethodD7671 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Silver by Automo-tive SparkIgnition Engine FuelSilver St
26、rip MethodD7862 Specification for Butanol for Blending with Gasolinefor Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Government Regulations:CFR Title 40 Protection of Environment3CCR Title 17Public H
27、ealthSection 6010060114 De-scription of California Air Basins42.3 Technical Report:CRC Report No. 660 Fuel Antiknock QualityEngine Re-sponse to RON Versus MON Scoping Tests, Final Report,May 201153. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 finished fue
28、l, na homogeneous mixture of blend-stocks and fuel additives meeting all specification and regula-tory requirements for its intended use at the location wheresold. D48143.2.2 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquidhydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts ofadditives, suitable for use as a fu
29、el in spark-ignition, internalcombustion engines. D48143.2.3 gasoline-oxygenate blend, na fuel consisting pri-marily of gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than0.35 % by mass oxygen) of one or more oxygenates. D48143.2.4 octane sensitivity (S), nthe mathematical differencebetween RON and
30、MON (S = RON MON).3.2.5 oxygenate, nan oxygen-containing, ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which can be used as afuel or fuel supplement. D48144. Ordering Information4.1 The volatility of the fuel shall be agreed upon betweenbuyer and seller.4.2 State the concentration and type
31、s of oxygenates presentas agreed upon between buyer and seller.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent ofDocuments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.4Available from Barclays, 50 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94111.5Available from Coordinatin
32、g Research Council, 5755 North Point Parkway,Suite 265, Alpharetta, GA 30022, http:/www.crcao.org.D8076 1725. Performance Requirements for High Octane NumberTest Fuel5.1 High octane number test fuel shall conform to therequirements of Table 1, and meet the volatility requirementsof Table 2. The sign
33、ificance of each of the properties of thisspecification is shown in Appendix X1.5.1.1 The user is advised to review applicable national,state, provincial, or local fuel requirements.5.1.1.1 In the United States there may be additional CleanAirAct requirements that must be fulfilled prior to introduc
34、tionof the high octane number fuel into commerce. See AppendixX3 in Specification D4814 for information on U.S. Environ-mental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations for spark-ignitionengine fuels.5.1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in thisspecification: For purposes of determining conf
35、ormance withthese specifications, an observed value or a calculated valueshall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right-most significantdigit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordancewith the rounding method of Practice E29. For a specificationlimit expressed as an integer, a trai
36、ling zero is significant onlyif the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressedas an integer, and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-most digit is significant without a decimal point being speci-fied. This convention applies to specified limits in Tables 1 and2.5.2 RON and o
37、ctane sensitivity are critical performanceparameters for the fuels described in this specification. Engineknock and laboratory octane number are described in X1.2 andX1.3, respectively.5.2.1 For engines with increased compression ratio, higherboost pressure, operating at slower speeds, and smaller s
38、weptdisplacement volume, a high RON, combined with high octanesensitivity, are well correlated with knock resistance.5.2.2 Octane sensitivity is the mathematical difference be-tween the research and motor octane numbers and is consid-ered a measure of the autoignition temperature sensitivity of afue
39、l. In high compression ratio, highly boosted engines oper-ating at low engine speeds, if RON is held constant, a fuel withgreater octane sensitivity (all other factors being equal) willprovide greater knock resistance.5.2.3 A minimum motor octane number (MON) is requiredto ensure antiknock performan
40、ce for all engines at highambient temperature and certain other conditions (see CRCReport No. 660).5.3 Volatility requirements for the high octane number testfuel are specified in Table 2. Different limits on dry vaporpressure equivalent (DVPE), T50, and other volatility param-eters may be agreed up
41、on between buyer and seller. Forguidance on volatility requirements for specific climaticconditions, consult section 5.2.1 of Specification D4814.5.4 Oxygenate Blendstock Requirements:5.4.1 Denatured fuel ethanol used in blending high octanenumber fuel shall conform to the requirements of Specificat
42、ionD4806.5.4.2 Butanol used in blending high octane number fuelshall conform to the requirements of Specification D7862.5.4.3 Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) used in blending highoctane number fuel shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification D5983.5.5 Deposit control additives are added to spar
43、k-ignitionengine fuel to help keep fuel injectors and intake valves clean.5.5.1 In the United States, deposit control additives used ingasoline are required to be certified by the EPA. As thisspecification is for a test fuel, requirements for deposit controladditives have not been determined.TABLE 1
44、 High Octane Number Test Fuel SpecificationsAProperty Limit ASTM Test MethodResearch octane number, min 100. D2699Motor octane number, min 86 D2700Sensitivity, min 8 D2699, D2700Inorganic chloride, mg/kg, max 1 D7319 or D7328 as modified in 7.1.12Lead content, g/L (g/U.S. gal), max 0.013 (0.05) D323
45、7 or D5059Sulfur, mg/kg, max 10 D1266, D2622, D3120, D5453, D6920,orD7039Manganese content, mg/L (mg/U.S. gal), maxBSee 6.3 D3831Copper strip corrosion, max No. 1 D130Silver strip corrosion, max No. 1 D7667 or D7671Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5 D381Oxidation stability, minutes, min 24
46、0. D525ASee 5.1.2 for determining conformance with numerical specification limits in this table.BSee Appendix X2 for information on U.S. EPA and California Air Resources Board regulations for manganese in gasoline.TABLE 2 Vapor Pressure and Distillation RequirementsAPropertyVapor Pressure/Distillati
47、onASTM TestMethodsVapor pressure, at 37.8 C (100 F), kPa(psi), max62 (9.0) D4953,D5191,D5482,orD6378Distillation temperatures, C (F), at %evaporated and 101.3 kPa pressure (760mm Hg)D8610 % by volume, max 70. (158)50 % by volumemin 66 (150.)max 121 (250.)90 % by volume, max 190. (374)End point, max
48、225 (437)Distillation residue, % by volume, max 2 D86ASee 5.1.2 for determining conformance with numerical specification limits in thistable.D8076 1736. Workmanship6.1 The finished fuel shall be visually free of undissolvedwater, sediment, and suspended matter; it shall be clear andbright at the fue
49、l temperature at the point of custody transfer orat a lower temperature agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.NOTE 2Test Method D4176 can be helpful for evaluating the product.6.1.1 Avoiding Water Haze and Phase SeparationFinishedfuel should not contain a separate water or water-alcohol phaseat the time it is introduced into a vehicle or equipment fuel tankor under the conditions the fuel is used. Water that is dissolvedin fuel at the point of use does not generally cause engineproblems. However, if excess water is present in spark-ignitionfuel, a separate
