1、Designation: E 1044 96 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Specification forGlass Serological Pipets (General Purpose and Kahn)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers gla
3、ss serological pipets, usedin measuring volumes of liquids.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 438 Specification for Glasses in Laboratory ApparatusE 542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory VolumetricApparatusE 671 Specification for Maximum Permissible Thermal Re-sidual Stress in Anneale
4、d Glass Laboratory ApparatusE 694 Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Appa-ratusE 920 Specification for Commercially Packaged LaboratoryApparatusE 921 Specification for Export Packaged Laboratory Appa-ratusE 1133 Practice for Performance Testing of Packaged Labo-ratory Apparatus for United
5、 States Government Procure-mentsE 1157 Specification for Sampling and Testing of ReusableLaboratory Glassware3. Classification3.1 Style and CapacityPipets covered by this specificationshall be of the following styles and capacities:3.1.1 Style IGeneral purpose top end.3.1.2 Style IICotton plugging t
6、op end.3.1.3 Style IIICotton plugging top end, large tip opening.3.1.4 Capacities (mL)0.1; 0.1 (Kahn); 0.2; 0.2 (Kahn);0.25 (Kahn); 0.5; 0.60 (Kahn); 1.0; 2.0; 5.0; 10.0; and 25.0.4. General Requirements4.1 Borosilicate GlassBorosilicate glass for pipets shallconform to the glass requirements of Typ
7、e 1, Class A or B ofSpecification E 438.4.2 CalibrationPipets shall be calibrated in accordancewith Practice E 542 to deliver (TD) the intended capacity ofdistilled water at 20C when the last drop is blown out, exceptthe 0.25 mL Kahn pipet; this Kahn pipet shall have a clearungraduated space of not
8、less than 63 mm between thelowermost graduation mark and the tip of the pipet. The pipetshall be filled about 10 mm above the capacity line. Removeany water on the outside of the tip by a downward wipe withfilter paper. Next, place the tip in contact with the wetted wallof a beaker and slowly lower
9、the meniscus to the capacity line.Do not remove any water remaining on the tip at this time.Delivery of the contents into a receiving vessel is made withthe tip in contact with the wall of the vessel. When the waterhas ceased to flow, the water remaining in the tip is then blownout with one firm puf
10、f with the tip in contact with the wall ofthe vessel, if possible. No after-drainage period is allowed.Capacity tolerances shall be within the limits given in Table 1.4.3 AnnealingThe maximum residual thermal stress shallbe such as to conform to Specification E 671, except thattempered tips or tempe
11、red tops, or both, may be supplied at theoption of the manufacturer. The tempered tip, when examinedin index oil that matches the refractive index of the glass beingused, shall have a temper between 75 and 220 nm.5. Design5.1 ShapeThe pipets shall be straight and of one-piececonstruction. Any cross
12、section of a pipet taken in a planeperpendicular to the longitudinal axis shall be circular.5.2 Delivery TipsDelivery tips shall be made with agradual taper of 15 to 30 mm for capacities up to 5 mLinclusive, and 20 to 35 mm for 10 and 25 mL capacity pipets.The end of the tip shall be perpendicular t
13、o the longitudinalaxis of the pipet. Sudden constriction at the orifice shall not beacceptable. The outside edge of the tip shall be bevelledslightly at the end, and the bevel shall be ground or firepol-ished.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 onLaboratory Apparatus
14、and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 onApparatus.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E 1044 96 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
15、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Zero Graduation Line Po
16、sitionThe distance from thetop end to the top graduation of all pipets (except for 0.5 mLand Kahn pipets) shall be not less than 100 mm nor more than150 mm from the zero graduation line; for 0.5 mL and Kahnpipets this distance shall be not less than 90 mm nor more than150 mm.5.4 Dimensions and Outfl
17、ow TimesThe limiting dimen-sions and outflow times shall be as shown in Table 1. Outflowtimes shall be determined on unplugged pipets using distilledwater at 25 6 5C and by means of a stopwatch. Outflow timeshall be determined by the unrestricted outflow of the waterfrom the zero mark until the wate
18、r has ceased to flow.5.5 MarkingsAll markings shall be permanent and leg-ible.5.5.1 Graduation MarkingsGraduation lines shall not ex-ceed 0.4 mm in thickness and shall be in a plane perpendicularto the vertical axis of the pipet. The lines and other markingsshall be applied by one of the following m
19、ethods: etched andfilled with a permanent pigment; etched through a verticalcolored stripe fused into the glass; by application of a stainfired into the glass without etching; or by application of anenamel fired onto the glass without etching. Lengths of lines,numbering and patterns shall be in acco
20、rdance with Specifica-tion E 694.5.5.2 Color CodingEach pipet shall be marked with oneor two color bands as specified in Table 1. The single colorband should be 5 to 10 mm wide, while the double color bandsshould each be 3 to 5 mm wide and separated by a clear spaceat 2 to 3 mm. Color bands do not h
21、ave to be continuous butmay be broken as long as they cover 40 % of the circumferenceof the pipet. Colors must be bright and distinct.5.5.3 Identification MarkingsEach pipet, marked by oneof the methods given in 5.5.1, shall show the manufacturersname or trademark, the nominal capacity, the temperat
22、ure ofcalibration, 20C, and the word “delivers” or any of thefollowing symbols: TD, TD-EX, TD (EX), EX-TD, EX(TD) orEX. Pipets calibrated TD by blowing out the last drop shall beidentified by a wide band or two narrow bands permanentlymarked on their top end.5.6 WorkmanshipPipets shall be free of de
23、fects whichmay distort the appearance of the liquid surface or may impairtheir serviceability.6. Sampling and Testing6.1 For sampling and testing refer to Specification E 1157.7. Packaging7.1 For packaging, select from Specifications E 920, E 921and Practice E 1133.8. Keywords8.1 glass; pipets; reus
24、able; serologicalASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
25、 such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for a
26、dditional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to
27、 the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at
28、the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Requirements for Glass Serological PipetsCapacity, mLCapacityTolerance,+ormLGraduations, mL OutsideDiameterGraduatedPortion, min,mmStyle I and II: OutflowTi
29、me, sStyle III: Nominal TipOpening, mmColor CodingBandLeast ValueMainNumberedInterval Graduated0.0 to at leastmin max0.1 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.09 5.5 0.5 3 white0.1A0.005 0.01 0.01 0.09 5.5 0.5 3 2 green0.2 0.008 0.001 0.02 0.19 5.5 0.5 3 black0.2A0.008 0.001 0.01 0.19 5.5 0.5 3 2 blue0.25B0.008 0.0125
30、0.05 0.25 5.5 0.5 3 0.5 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.45 5.5 0.5 3 2 yellow0.5 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.45 5.5 0.5 3 2 black0.60A0.01 0.15 0.15 0.45 6.0 0.5 3 1.0 0.02 0.01 0.1 0.95 6.0 1 5 yellow1.0 0.02 0.1 0.1 0.9 6.0 1 5 2.0 red2.0 0.02 0.01 0.02 1.9 6.0 1 5 2.5 2 white2.0 0.02 0.1 0.2 1.9 6.75 1 5 2.5 green5.0 0.04 0.1 1.0 4.5 7.5 3 10 3.0 blue10.0 0.06 0.1 1.0 9.5 9.5 5 15 3.0 orange25.0 0.10 0.1 1.0 23.0 10.5 5 15 3.0 whiteAKahn serological pipets, calibrated to tip.BKahn serological pipets, calibrated to base.E 1044 96 (2006)2
