1、Designation: E1638 13Standard TerminologyRelating to Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1638; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONParticle size analysis through the use of standard test sieves, and particle separation through the useof screening media, are commo
3、nly adopted methods of achieving desired process specificationsrelated to particles. To ensure a better understanding of sizing and separation systems and processesand to ensure appropriate comparison of data, terminology common to the processes must bedocumented and defined.For Subcommittee E29.01
4、on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media, this is an ongoingprocess of developing new related terms. Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, precision,and clarity for the terms included. Suggestions and comments for additions, corrections, and revisionsare welcomed.1. Scope1.1 This ter
5、minology includes all those terms used in all ofthe standards under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee E29.01.Terms are defined that are related to the manufacture ofstandard test sieves and screening media, as well as termsrelated to the methods, analysis, procedures, and equipment forsizing and sepa
6、rating particles.1.2 Committee E29 on Particle and Spray Characterizationfeels that it is essential to include terms and definitions explicitto the scope, regardless of whether the terms appear in existingASTM standards. Terms that are in common usage and appearin common-language dictionaries are ge
7、nerally not included.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE161 Specification for Precision Electroformed SievesE454 Specification for Industrial Perforated Plate andScreens (Square Opening Series)E674 Specification for Industrial
8、Perforated Plate andScreens (Round Opening Series)E2016 Specification for Industrial Woven Wire ClothE2427 Test Method for Acceptance by Performance Testingfor SievesE2589 Terminology Relating to Nonsieving Methods ofPowder CharacterizationE2814 Guide for Industrial Woven Wire Filter Cloth3. Termino
9、logy3.1 Definitions:agglomerate, ntwo or more particles adhering together.E1638aperture, nthe opening in a screening or sieving medium.E11aperture size, nthe dimension defining an opening in ascreening or sieving medium. E11bar, nthe metal between perforations. E454, E674blank, nan unperforated area
10、 located other than along theperimeter of a plate. E454, E674bolting grade wire cloth, nwire cloth meeting a group ofspecifications that are typical for higher sifting capacitiesand which can speed the bolting action of vibratory screen-ing machines, manufactured based on using a limited num-ber of
11、wire diameters for a large group of mesh designations.E2016DISCUSSION“Bolting Grade” designations are often misused; andshould not be specified without a wire diameter, as the designationshave become non-standard.break-out, va term applied to the action that occurs ahead ofthe punch in its going thr
12、ough the plate. E454, E6741This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particleand Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Origina
13、lly approvedin 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1638 12. DOI: 10.1520/E1638-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Documen
14、t Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1DISCUSSIONThe fracturing of the material results in a tapered holewith the small dimensions on the punch side.bubble point test, ncapillary flow bubble
15、point methods arebased on the fact that the pressure required to force an airbubble through filter cloth wetted under a test liquid ofknown surface tension is inversely proportional to the poresize. E2814DISCUSSIONThe pressure observed at the first bubble location isconsidered the absolute micron re
16、tention rating.bulk density, nthe mass per unit volume of a material,including voids inherent in the material as tested. E1638calibration test sieve, na test sieve manufactured usingsieve cloth which has been inspected after being mounted inthe sieve frame, and that meets the requirements in accor-d
17、ance with Specification E11, Table 1, in part based on thestandard deviation of the number of sample openings in thetest sieve (Column 11) not exceeding the maximum allow-able for a confidence level of 99.73 % (Column 12). E11centers, nthe dimensional sum of one perforation and onebar, or the dimens
18、ional distance from the center of oneperforation to the center of an adjacent perforation.E454, E674cloth thickness, noverall thickness of the filter cloth, nomi-nally estimated by adding the warp wire diameter plus twotimes the shute wire diameter. E2814compliance test sieve, na test sieve manufact
19、ured usingsieve cloth which has been inspected prior to being mountedin the sieve frame, and that meets the requirements inaccordance with Specification E11, Table 1, in part based onthe standard deviation of the required number of sampleopenings per 100 square feet of sieve cloth (column 7) notexce
20、eding the maximum allowable for a confidence level of66 % (column 8). E11crimp, nthe corrugation in the warp or shute wire, or both.DISCUSSIONThe crimp in the wires is formed either during theweaving process, or with a crimping machine prior to weaving. Ifformed during the weaving process, the tensi
21、on existing between thewarp and the shute wires fundamentally determines the respectiveamount of depth of crimp, which locks the wires in place and in partestablishes the firmness of the sieve cloth. E11, E2016DISCUSSIONThe crimp in the wires is formed during the weavingprocess, and the tension exis
22、ting between the warp and shute wiresfundamentally determines the respective amount or depth of crimp,which in part establishes the firmness of the filter cloth. With theexception of reverse filter cloth, the warp wire is tensioned such that itonly crimps minimally if at all, and the shute wire crim
23、ps predomi-nately around the warp wire. E2814cumulative retained distribution graph, na graph obtainedby plotting the total (cumulative) percentage by the massretained on each of a set of sieves versus the correspondingaperture sizes. E1638DISCUSSIONAlso known as cumulative oversize distribution gra
24、ph.cumulative passing distribution graph, na graph obtainedby plotting the total (cumulative) percentage by the masspassing each of a set of sieves versus the correspondingaperture sizes. E1638DISCUSSIONAlso known as cumulative undersize distributiongraph.die side, nthe surface of the plate that was
25、 against the dieduring the punching operation. E454, E674double crimp wire cloth, nwire cloth woven with approxi-mately equal corrugations in both the warp and shute wiresto lock the wires in position. E11, E2016electroformed material , nelectrodeposited grid materialconsisting of precision openings
26、 used as the base material forelectroformed sieves. E161electroformed sieves, nsee test sieves (electroformed).E161endpoint, npoint at which no more material falls through thesieve concluding the sieving, taking into account sampledegradation. E2427filter cake (surface cake), nmaterial that is retai
27、ned on thefilter cloth during processing. E2814DISCUSSIONThe filter cake forms and builds up as particulate isretained, until the increased flow resistance of the filter cake requires itbe removed from the filter cloth, typically by backflushing. Thedeposition of material forming the filter cake can
28、 aid in filtration byproviding depth filtration, which results in a lower micron retention.finished end pattern, nthe condition that occurs with somespecifications of staggered pattern perforations as a result oftool design where the pattern is completed on both ends ofthe plate. E454, E674firmness,
29、 na subjective term referring to the planar rigidityof wire cloth (as a roll good, not mounted in a frame). E11,E2016DISCUSSIONFirmness is established by the tensile strength of thematerial, the relationship of the mesh to wire diameters, the type ofweave, and amount of crimp in the wires. The absen
30、ce of firmness inwire cloth is termed sleaziness.flat top wire cloth, nwire cloth with deep crimps, as in lockcrimp, except that all crimps are on the under side of thecloth, leaving the top surface all in one plane. E2016DISCUSSIONSometimes designated smooth top.gage (also gauge), na number designa
31、ting a specific thick-ness of metal sheet tabulated in a standardized series, each ofwhich represents a decimal fraction of an inch. E454glass bead test, nmethod for determining the filtration ratingof filter cloth using a set of presorted precisely sizedspherical glass beads, passing them through t
32、he filter cloth,and examining the beads passed or captured. E2814DISCUSSIONThe largest bead passed is considered the absolutemicron retention rating.inspection test sieve, na test sieve manufactured using sievecloth which has been inspected after being mounted in thesieve frame, and that meets the r
33、equirements in accordancewith Specification E11, Table 1, in part based on the standarddeviation of the required number of sample openings in theE1638 132test sieve (Column 9) not exceeding the maximum allowablefor a confidence level of 99 % (Column 10). E11intermediate crimp wire cloth, nprecrimped
34、 wire clothwith extra crimps or corrugations between the points ofintersection. E2016DISCUSSIONSometimes designated intercrimp or multiple crimp.lock crimp wire cloth, nprecrimped wire cloth with deepcrimps at the points of intersection to lock the wires securelyin place. E2016margin or border, nan
35、unperforated area located along theperimeter of a plate. E454, E674market grade wire cloth, nwire cloth meeting a group ofspecifications that are typical for use in the general industrialmarket, manufactured based on using a different wire diam-eter for each of the common mesh designations. E2016DIS
36、CUSSION“Market Grade” designations are often misused; andshould not be specified without a wire diameter, as the designationshave become non-standard.matched test sieve, na test sieve that reproduces the perfor-mance results of another test sieve within user defined limitsfor a designated material (
37、for information only and may notbe in compliance with Specification E11). E11median particle size, nthe particle size at which half thedistribution (by mass, volume, number, etc.) is larger thanand half smaller than the stated size. E1638, E2589mesh, nthe number of wires or openings per linear inch(
38、25.4 mm), counted from the center of any wire to a pointexactly one inch (25.4 mm) distant, including the fractionaldistance between either thereof. E11, E2016micron, ncommon filtration reference to a particle size,properly defined as a micrometre. E2814micron retention, nseparation particle size of
39、 the filter clothexpressed as a diameter in micrometres. E2814micron retention, absolute, ndiameter of the largest spheri-cal particle that will pass through the filter cloth underlaboratory conditions representing the maximum pore size.E2814micron retention, nominal, nsubject to user definition, an
40、indication of the average pore size of the filter cloth. E2814DISCUSSIONThe nominal rating may refer to: (1) the glass bead orparticle size the filter cloth will retain 90 % of by weight; (2) the bubblepoint pore size when the tenth bubble location appears; or (3) thedegree of filtration achieved un
41、der specific process conditions such asoperating pressure, concentration of contaminant, and the buildup offilter cake, such that 94 % to 98 % of all particles of the nominal valuewill be retained after a given working period.mill grade wire cloth, nwire cloth meeting a group ofspecifications that a
42、re typical for milling grain and otherlight screening, manufactured based on using a different wirediameter for each of the common mesh designations. E2016DISCUSSION“Mill Grade” designations are often misused; andshould not be specified without a wire diameter, as the designationshave become non-sta
43、ndard.near size particle, na particle of a size approximately equalto the aperture size of the sieve that may block an opening.E1638non standard frames (electroformed), nsieve frames otherthan as specified in accordance with Table 2 of SpecificationE161 that may be circular, square, rectangular, or
44、non-metal.E161DISCUSSIONThe frame may have the electroformed sheet perma-nently attached, or it may be designed so the electroformed sheet isreplaceable.non standard frames (wire cloth), nsieve frames other thanas specified in accordance with Table 2 of Specification E11that may be circular, square,
45、 rectangular, or non-metal. E11DISCUSSIONThe frame may have the sieve cloth permanentlyattached, or it may be designed so the sieve cloth is replaceable.pan (also collection pan), na device that collects all of thematerial that has passed the sieving process, typically usedon the bottom of the sieve
46、 stack. E161, E2427particle size analysis, nthe process by which the particlesize distribution is determined. E1638particle size distribution, nin sieve analysis, thepercentages, by mass or number, of all fractions into whichvarious sizes of particles are classified. E1638percent open area, nthe rat
47、io of the area of the openings tothe total area expressed as a percentage, that theoreticallycan be calculated as follows for wire cloth:OA 5 1 2 MwDw!1 2 MsDs!100!where:OA = the percent open area,Mw= the mesh warp,Ms= the mesh shute,Dw= the diameter warp wire, andDs= the diameter shute wire.E2016DI
48、SCUSSIONBecause of the irregular triangular-shaped openingformed at an angle to the plane of the filter cloth surface, the percentopen area is generally not a specified parameter. E2814percent passing, nmass fraction percentage of material thatpasses through the sieve after the test has been perform
49、ed.E1638percent retained, nmass fraction percentage of material thatis left upon or retained by the sieve after the test has beenperformed. E2427perforated pattern, nthe pattern that the perforations arearranged in, usually in a staggered pattern with midpointsnominally at the vertices of isosceles triangles or squarepatterns arranged in line with their midpoints nominally atthe vertices of squares. E454plain weave, nsee types of weaves, plain.precrimp, nwire cloth woven with both the warp and shutewires crimpe
