1、Designation: E 2266 04Standard Guide forDesign and Construction of Low-Rise Frame Building WallSystems to Resist Water Intrusion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2266; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes design, specification, selection,installation, and inspection of new building
3、wall systems,exterior deck and stair components, doors, windows, penetra-tions and sealant joints of wood and metal frame buildings,typically four stories or less, to minimize water intrusion.1.2 This guide does not address prevention of damagecaused by water originating from the use of wet building
4、materials or from indoor or outdoor humidity. Water from thesesources can be important, and the potential for damage causedby water from these sources must not be overlooked in buildingdesign or construction.1.3 This guide does not address roofing systems, exceptwhen the surface of a deck also serve
5、s as a roof and at locationswhere roof systems interface with building walls.1.4 This guide does not address any type of barrier wallsystem.1.5 This guide does not address any exterior insulation andfinish system (EIFS).1.6 This guide does not address foundation conditionswhere the bottom of a slab
6、on grade or the grade of a crawlspace is at or below the water table or subject to hydrostaticpressure.1.7 This guide is intended to supplement and not duplicatebuilding code requirements.1.8 Maintenance, although important, is not covered indetail.1.9 Application of finishes, such as paint and seal
7、ers, maybe important in the performance of some types of cladding;however, this is not covered in detail.1.10 This standard applies only to constructions withsheathing, which facilitates installation of the weather-resistivebarrier and associated flashings in a common plane.1.11 This standard may in
8、volve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of re
9、gulatory requirements prior to use.1.12 Organization of Document:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Guide 4Significance and Use 5General Design Principles 6Design Practices 7General Guidelines 8Drainage Walls 9Drainage WallsGeneral 9.1Drainage Wall CladdingPortland Cement Pl
10、aster (Stucco) 9.2Drainage Wall CladdingWood and Wood-Derived Products 9.3Drainage Wall CladdingVinyl Siding 9.4Drainage Wall CladdingFiber-Cement Siding 9.5Cavity Drainage Walls 10Cavity Drainage WallsGeneral 10.1Cavity Drainage Wall CladdingMasonry 10.2Wood Framed Decks and Stairs with Exposed Fra
11、mingand Decking11Plaza Decks or Stairs with Enclosed Framing and aWaterproofing Membrane with Separate Wearing Surfaces12Plaza Decks or Stairs with Enclosed Framing and aWaterproofing Membrane with an Integral Wearing Surface13Windows, Doors, and Similar Wall Penetrations 14Special Wall Configuratio
12、n 15Exterior Sealant Joints 16Keywords 17AppendixAdditional Resources Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 123 Specification for Zinc (Hot Galvanized) Coatings onProducts Fabricated from Rolled, Pressed, and ForgedSteel Shapes, Plates, Bars and StripA 153 Specification for Zinc Co
13、ating (Hot-Dip) on Iron andSteel HardwareC43 Terminology of Structural Clay ProductsC55 Specification for Concrete BrickC62 Specifications for Building BrickC67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay Tile1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performan
14、ceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.55 on ExteriorBuilding Wall Systems.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published January 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual B
15、ook of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete MasonryUnitsC 126 Specification for C
16、eramic Glazed Structural ClayFacing Tile, Facing Brick and Solid Masonry UnitsC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materi-alsC 216 Specifications for Facing BrickC 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit MasonryC 652 Specification for Hollow BrickC 71
17、7 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC 755 Practice for Selection of Vapor Retarders for ThermalInsulationC 836 Specification for High Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing for Use with SeparateWearing CourseC 896 Terminology Relating to Clay ProductsC 898 Guide for us
18、e of High Solids Content, Cold LiquidApplied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with Sepa-rate Wearing CourseC 920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsC 926 Specification for Application of Portland Cement-Based PlasterC 957 Specification for High-Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied Elastome
19、ric Waterproofing Membrane With Inte-gral Wearing SurfaceC 981 Guide for Design of Built-Up Bituminous MembraneWaterproofing Systems for Building DecksC 1063 Specification for Installation of Lathing and Furringto Receive Interior and Exterior Portland Cement-BasedPlasterC 1088 Specification for Thi
20、n Veneer Brick Units Madefrom Clay or ShaleC 1127 Guide for Use of High Solids Content, Cold LiquidApplied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane with Inte-gral Wearing SurfaceC 1180 Terminology for Mortars for Unit MasonryC 1186 Specification for Flat Non-Asbestos Fiber-CementSheetsC 1193 Guide for Use
21、 of Joint SealantsC 1209 Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Re-lated UnitsC 1232 Terminology of MasonryC 1299 Guide for Selection of SealantsC 1400 Guide for Reduction of Efflorescence Potential inNew Masonry WallsC 1405 Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, SolidBrick Units)D 226 Spe
22、cification for Asphalt Saturated Organic FeltD 779 Test Method for Water Resistance of Paper, Paper-board and Other Sheet Materials by the Dry IndicatorMethodD 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing, Waterproofing,and Bituminous MaterialsD 1970 Specification for Self-Adhering Polymer ModifiedBituminou
23、s Sheet Materials Used as Steep Roofing Un-derlayment for Ice Dam ProtectionD 3679 Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) SidingD 4477 Specification for Rigid (Unplasticized) Poly (VinylChloride) (PVC) SoffitD 4756 Practice for Installation of Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chlo-ride) (PVC) Siding an
24、d SoffitD 5843 Guide for Application of Fully Adhered VulcanizedRubber Sheets Used in WaterproofingD 5898 Guide for Standard Details for Adhered SheetWaterproofingD 5957 Guide for Flood Testing Horizontal WaterproofingInstallationsD 6134 Specification for Vulcanized Rubber Sheets Used inWaterproofin
25、g SystemsD 6135 Practice for Application of Self-Adhering ModifiedBituminous WaterproofingD 6622 Guide for Application of Fully Adhered Hot-Applied Reinforced Waterproofing SystemsD 6864 Specification for Color and Appearance Retentionof Solid Colored Plastic Siding ProductsE 241 Guide for Limiting
26、Water-induced Damage to Build-ingsE 331 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Win-dows, Curtain Walls and Doors by Uniform Static AirPressure DifferentialE 514 Test Method for Water Penetration and LeakageThrough MasonryE 547 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Win-dows, Curtain Wa
27、lls, and Doors by Cyclic Static AirPressure DifferentialE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionE 1105 Test Method for Field Determination of WaterPenetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls,and Doors by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air PressureDifferenceE 1677 Specification for anAir Ret
28、arder Material or Systemfor Low-Rise Framed Building WallsE 1825 Guide for Evaluation of Exterior Building WallMaterials, Products and SystemsE2112 Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doorsand SkylightsF 1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes,and Staples2.2 American Archit
29、ectural Manufacturers Association(AAMA):3ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S. 2-97 Voluntary Specifica-tions forAluminum, Vinyl (PVC) and Wood Windows andGlass DoorsANSI/AAMA/WDMA 101/I.S 2/NAFS-02 Voluntary Per-formance Specification for Windows, Skylights, and GlassDoors501 Methods of Test for Metal Curtain W
30、alls501.2 Field Check of Metal Curtain Walls for Water Leak-age3Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA),1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4628.E2266042502 Voluntary Specification for Field Testing of Windowsand Sliding Doors850 Fenestration Sea
31、lants Guide ManualIM-TM InstallationMasters Training Manual Window Se-lection Guide2.3 American Concrete Institute (ACI):4ACI 524 Guide to Portland Cement Plastering2.4 American National Standards Institute (ANSI):5ANSI/ASCE 7 Building Code Requirements for MinimumDesign Loads in Buildings and Other
32、 StructuresANSI/AHA A135.6 American National Standard for Hard-board SidingANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S. 2-97 Voluntary Specifica-tions forAluminum, Vinyl (PVC) and Wood Windows andGlass DoorsANSI/AAMA/WDMA 101/I.S 2/NAFS-02 Voluntary Per-formance Specification for Windows, Skylights, and GlassDoors2.5 A
33、merican Wood-Preservers Association (AWPA):6AWPA C2 Lumber, Timbers, Bridge Ties and Mine Ties,Pressure TreatmentAWPA C28 Preservative Treatment by Pressure Processesof Structural Glue Laminated Members and LaminationsBefore GluingAWPA M4 Care of Pressure Treated Wood Products2.6 APAThe Engineered W
34、ood Association (APA):7303 Siding Manufacturing SpecificationsAvoiding Moisture Accumulation in WallsBuckling of Wood-Based Panel SidingInstallation of Stucco Exterior Finish Over Wood StructuralPanel Wall SheathingProduct Guide, Performance Rated Sidings2.7 Brick Industry Association (BIA):8Technic
35、al Notes on Brick Construction2.8 Canadian Construction Materials Centre (CCMC):9NRCC-45-673 Technical Guide for Sheathing, Membrane,Breather-Type2.9 Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB):10CAN/CGSB 51.32-M77 Sheathing, Membrane, BreatherType2.10 Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation(CMHC):11W
36、ood-Frame Envelopes in the Coastal Climate of BritishColumbia2.11 Cedar Shake and Shingle Bureau (CSSB):12Wall Construction ManualGrading Rules for Certigrade Red Cedar ShinglesGrading Rules for Certi-Split Red Cedar ShakesGrading Rules for Tapersawn Red Cedar Shakes2.12 Composite Panel Association
37、(CPA):13ANSI/AHA 135.6 Hardboard SidingRecommended BasicApplication Instructions for HardboardSidingCoatings Specification for Field-Applied Coatings on Hard-board SidingFinishing Recommendations for New Construction UsingUnprimed and Primed Hardboard SidingMaintenance Tips for Hardboard Siding2.13
38、Federal Specification (FS):14UU B 790a Building Paper2.14 ICC Evaluation Service Inc (ICC-ES):15AC38 Acceptance Criteria for Weather-Resistive BarriersAC39 Acceptance Criteria for Walking Decks2.15 Minnesota Lath ” a material or system in buildingconstruction that is designed and installed to reduce
39、 air leakageeither into or through an opaque wall. Refer to SpecificationE 1677.3.2.2 barrier walltype of wall system that is intended tomanage all precipitation at the exterior surface of the claddingand associated sealants and flashings. These walls are designedto prevent water intrusion by a comb
40、ination of a water barrieron the exterior surface and temporary absorption of water.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThese wall systems consist of the ex-terior surface of the wall and the exterior surface of fenestra-tion products, usually connected by a sealant joint. Barrier wallsystems may include fenestration
41、 systems that collect and drainwater to the exterior.3.2.3 building wall componentsmaterials that function asor are designated as being essential to the effective weather-proofing of the building.3.2.4 claddingthe outermost component of the wall sys-tem that provides resistance to intrusion of water
42、 originating asprecipitation into the wall. Examples of cladding are portlandcement plaster (stucco), wood and wood-based siding, woodshingles, masonry veneer, and vinyl and aluminum siding.3.2.5 decka horizontal surface intended for human occu-pancy or use that is exposed to the weather.3.2.6 drain
43、age walla wall system in which the claddingprovides a substantial barrier to water intrusion, but which alsoincorporates means for dissipating water that may circumventthe cladding. For purposes of this standard a drainage wall isassumed to incorporate a concealed weather-resistive barrierover which
44、 drainage, away from water-sensitive componentsof the wall, may occur. In addition to drainage behind thecladding, evaporation may play an important role in dissipatingmoisture in some types of cladding.3.2.7 drainage wall, cavitya type of drainage wall char-acterized by a vertical air space, which
45、is either wholly orsubstantially unobstructed, between the weather-resistive bar-rier and the back surface of the cladding system. The spacebetween the weather-resistive barrier and the cladding may bebridged, depending on the type of cladding, by masonry ties,vertical furring, or open-mesh syntheti
46、c polymer media.23Available from Sealant Waterproofing or (2) Design based on understand-ing of principles such as those described in Section 6.7.1.1 Design based on practical experience for the locality isthe more traditional practice. In this approach, constructionsare designed to emulate those th
47、at have, over the course oftime, proven dependable in the locality. In practice, thisapproach usually involves cognizance of at least some of theprinciples outlined in Section 6. Designers using this approachmay not, however, have reference to an organized list ofprinciples such as described in Sect
48、ion 6. Because materials,products and installation methods, tools and personnel maychange over time, this approach usually requires that designprinciples such as those described in Section 6 be recognizedand addressed. This approach may also be aided by use ofnumerical modeling, most likely to predi
49、ct how moistureconditions behind a secondary weather-resistive barrier may beinfluenced by its vapor permeance.7.1.2 Design based on understanding of design principles ispracticed by evaluating whether a proposed construction takesthe principles into account, and if necessary, altering theproposed construction so that they are followed. As implied in7.1.1, the proposed construction may be a variant on a designthat is common practice in a local area. Like designs based onpractical experience, this approach may also be aided by use ofnumerical modeling.7.2 Numerical model
