1、Designation: E 2300 06Standard Specification forHighway Traffic Monitoring Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2300; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification describes the recommended proce-dure for identifying the performance and operating require-ments to be included in a purchase
3、order for Traffic MonitoringDevices. As such, the specification can be referenced by theuser and seller when determining compliance with each speci-fied requirement. It is the intent of this specification to have theuser require the seller to provide evidence that the brand andmodel of TMD offered b
4、y the seller has passed an applicableType-approval Test. If the TMD has not previously passed aType-approval Test, then it is the intent of this specification tohave the device type-approved before it is accepted by the user.If the TMD has previously passed a Type-approval Test, thenthis specificati
5、on requires that the production version of thedevice provided by the seller pass an On-site Verification Testbefore being accepted by the user.1.2 Traffc Monitoring DeviceA Traffic Monitoring De-vice (TMD) is equipment that counts and classifies vehiclesand measures vehicle flow characteristics such
6、 as vehiclespeed, lane occupancy, turning movements, intervehicle gaps,and other parameters typically used to portray traffic move-ment. TMDs usually contain a sensing element that convertsthe signal-generating phenomenon (such as, air pulse generatedby a vehicle tire passing over a pneumatic tube)
7、into anelectrical signal and electronics that amplify, filter, and other-wise condition the signal. Some TMDs provide outputs as relayor solid-state switch closures, while others contain signalprocessing that translates the signal into the required vehicleand vehicle flow data. TMDs whose outputs ar
8、e relay or solidstate switch closures may be connected to roadside controllers,which process the switch-closure information and convert itinto vehicle flow data.1.3 Characterization of Traffc Monitoring DevicesThisspecification classifies Traffic Monitoring Devices by thefunctions they perform, the
9、data they provide, the requiredaccuracy of the data, and the conditions under which the deviceis expected to operate in conformity with the requirementsdeveloped through this specification.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are ma
10、thematicalconversions to SI units2, which are provided for informationonly and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety a
11、nd health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE 1318 Specification for Highway Weigh-In-Motion (WIM)Systems with User Requirements and Test MethodsE 2532 Tes
12、t Methods for Evaluating Performance of High-way Traffic Monitoring Devices3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms and definitions of terms specific tothis specification are given below.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 axle, naxis oriented transversely to the nominaldirection of vehicle motion, and extending th
13、e full width of thevehicle, about which the wheels at both ends rotate. (E 867,E 1318)3.2.2 axle count, nnumber of vehicle axles enumerated ata point on a lane or roadway during a specified time interval.(E 867)3.2.3 vehicle, none or more mobile units coupled togetherfor travel on a highway; a vehic
14、le contains one powered unitand may include one or more non-powered full-trailer orsemi-trailer units. (E 867)3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle- Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
15、ttee E17.52 onTraffic Monitoring.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007.2Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI): TheModern Metric System, IEEE/ASTM SI 10TM-2002, The Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers (IEEE), Inc., 3 Park Avenue, New
16、York, NY, 10016-5997,USA and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr HarborDrive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA, ISBN 0-7381-3317-5.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
17、 ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.3.1 accepted reference value, na particular quantity(number of vehicles in a particu
18、lar class defined by number ofaxles and interaxle spacings, vehicle count, lane occupancy, orvehicle speed) that is agreed upon by the user and seller inadvance of testing of a TMD, which has an uncertaintyappropriate for the given purpose.3.3.2 accuracy, ncloseness of agreement between a valueindic
19、ated by a TMD and an accepted reference value.3.3.3 data item, ncharacteristic associated with individualvehicles (count, class, and speed) or the continuum of vehiclesat a location (density, flow rate, and queue length).3.3.4 detection area, nroad surface area above which asensor detects a vehicle
20、or vehicle component.3.3.5 device identifier, ninformation output by a TMDthat includes, as a minimum, the model and serial number ofthe device.3.3.6 electronics unit, ndevice that provides power to oneor more sensors, filters and amplifies the signals produced bythe sensors, and may perform other f
21、unctions such as sensitiv-ity adjustment, failure indication, and delayed actuation oftraffic control signals.43.3.7 flow rate, nnumber of vehicles passing a given pointor section of a lane or roadway during a designated timeinterval, usually 15 min, but expressed as an equivalent hourlyrate in vehi
22、cles/h.3.3.8 lane occupancy, npercent of selected time intervalthat vehicles are detected in the detection area of a sensor; thetime interval during which the lane occupancy is measured isusually 20 s to 30 s.53.3.9 sensor, ndevice for acquiring a signal that providesdata to indicate the presence or
23、 passage of a vehicle or of avehicle component over the detection area with respect to time(vehicle flow, number of axles and their spacing), or perhapsone or more distinctive features of the vehicle such as height ormass.3.3.10 speed, nrate of vehicle motion expressed as dis-tance per unit of time.
24、3.3.11 time stamp, nrecorded date and time at which ameasurement was made; information and format may betailored to the application, but usually consists of month, day,year, hour, minute, second, and subsecond.3.3.12 tolerance, nallowable deviation of a value indi-cated by the device under test or a
25、 device in service from anaccepted reference value.3.3.13 traffc monitoring device, nequipment that countsand classifies vehicles and measures vehicle flow characteris-tics such as vehicle speed, lane occupancy, turning movements,and other items typically used to portray traffic movement.3.3.14 vehi
26、cle class by axle, ncharacterization of a ve-hicle by its number of axles and interaxle spacing.3.3.15 vehicle class by length, ncharacterization of ve-hicles by their total length.3.3.16 vehicle count (volume), ntotal number of vehiclesobserved or predicted to pass a point on a lane or roadwaydurin
27、g a specified time interval.3.3.17 vehicle passage, nsensor output pulse signal pro-duced when an initial vehicle detection is made in the detectionarea of the sensor.3.3.18 vehicle presence, nsensor output signal producedthe entire time a vehicle is detected in the detection area of thesensor.4. Si
28、gnificance and Use4.1 The accuracy required of a TMD for data acquisitionand characterization of vehicles and traffic flow parameters isrelated to the traffic management or data reporting tasksupported by the device. The TMD to be procured shall bespecified by designating a Type from Table 1, a tole
29、rance foreach data item required, and the conditions under which thedevice is expected to operate within the requirements devel-oped through this specification. For example, if a TrafficCounting device that provides axle counts to within 65%tolerance is desired, then specify a Type I-1, 5 % toleranc
30、edevice. If a Speed Monitoring device that provides vehiclecount to within 65 % tolerance and speed to within 610 %tolerance is desired, then specify a Type IV-1 device with 5 %vehicle count tolerance and 10 % speed tolerance. If acombination Speed Monitoring and Traffic Signal Controldevice providi
31、ng vehicle count to within 65 % tolerance,speed to within 610 % tolerance, vehicle presence to within610 % tolerance, and lane occupancy to within 620 %tolerance is desired, then specify a combination Type IV-1device with 5 % vehicle count tolerance and 10 % speedtolerance and Type VI-1 device with
32、10 % vehicle presencetolerance and 20 % lane occupancy tolerance. The associatedoperating conditions shall be specified by the user throughconsideration of requirements such as those shown in Table 2.5. Ordering Information5.1 TypeThe user shall specify a TMD by a type identifier(that is, indicator
33、of the vehicle characteristics detected by theTMD to support the function) as described in Table 1,atolerance for each required data item as described in 5.2, andthe conditions under which the device will be operated. Table1 also lists the detected vehicle characteristics (that is, dataacquired by t
34、he TMD by which a vehicle or vehicle flowcondition is distinguished) and the data recorded per specifiedtime interval for each type of TMD. In addition, the user shallspecify the recording of a device identifier and time stamp datawhen needed. The same data may support more than onefunction as shown
35、 by the entries in the last column of the table.The measurement units that typically correspond to TMD dataare listed in Table 3. Weigh-in-motion sensors and systems aretreated in Specification E 1318.5.2 ToleranceThe user shall specify a tolerance for eachrequired data item output by the TMD. A TMD
36、 that records oroutputs multiple data items may have different tolerancesspecified for each data item as explained in Section 4.IftheTMD is a vehicle classifier, the tolerance may be specified bythe user to apply to the individual classes identified by thedevice or to the aggregate of all vehicle cl
37、asses identified. The4Klein, L.A., Mills, M.K., and Gibson, D.R.P., Traffic Detector Handbook,FHWA-HRT-06-108, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Admin-istration, Washington, DC, 2006.5Different sensor models or technologies used to measure lane occupancy mayhave different detection
38、area sizes and, hence, produce different occupancy values,although all devices are operating properly.E2300062tolerance is generally specified in a manner that is consistentwith the application supported by the TMD output data. Theuser may specify the tolerance of the TMD in three ways,namely as per
39、cent difference, single-interval absolute valuedifference, or multiple-interval absolute value difference.TABLE 1 Traffic Monitoring Device Functions, Types, Detected Vehicle Characteristics, and Data Recorded/Specified Time IntervalFunction Type Detected Vehicle Characteristic Data Recorded/Specifi
40、ed Time IntervalAITraffic Counting I-1 axle passage number of axlesI-2 vehicle passage number of vehiclesI-3 vehicle presence number of vehiclesIITrafficCounting/ClassifyingII-1(classification by number of axlesand interaxle spacings)vehicle passage,number of axles,and interaxle spacingsduring vehic
41、le passagenumber of axles,number of vehicles per class,vehicle speed,vehicle class by number of axlesand interaxle spacingsII-2(classification by length)vehicle passageand speednumber of vehicles,vehicle speed,vehicle length and class,vehicle presence,lane occupancyIIIIncidentDetection DataIII-1 veh
42、icle passage,presence, and speednumber of vehicles,vehicle speed,vehicle presence,or lane occupancyIVSpeed Monitoring IV-1 speed number of vehicles,vehicle speedVMetering Data(Ramp, Mainline, orFreeway-to-Freeway)V-1 vehicle presence number of vehicles,vehicle presence,or lane occupancyVISignal Cont
43、rol Data VI-1 vehicle presence number of vehicles,vehicle presence,or lane occupancyVIIEnforcement Aid VII-1(speed)speed vehicle speedVII-2(red signal)location of front of vehicle,red signal indicationnumber of vehiclesand violationsVIII-3(dimension)vehicle locationand specified overall dimensionsve
44、hicle presence,specified overall dimensionsAThe user shall specify the recording of device identifier and time stamp data when needed.TABLE 2 Installation and operating Requirements for Potential Inclusion in TMD Purchase SpecificationsEnvironment Installationambient temperature weight and size limi
45、tationshumidity mounting or other installation constraintslighting power availabilitysun position and angle power surge and lightning resistanceprecipitation types (snow, rain, hail) input power interfaceother atmospheric obscurants (fog, dust) special cables and connectorsvibration and shockwind Se
46、tup and Calibrationoperating and calibration softwareVehicle Characteristics operating, installation, and repair manualsvehicle class mixvehicle-to-vehicle gaps required to define vehicle flow rate Miscellaneousfail safe operation if device failsOutput Data Items warrantydata recording interval soft
47、ware upgrades and product maintenancedata communication link other pertinent items affecting installation, operation, maintenance,and storagedata interfacedata displayE23000635.2.1 Percent DifferencePercent difference is defined asan absolute value given byPercent Difference 5|TMD Output Value Accep
48、ted Reference Value|Accepted Reference Value3 100 (1)Examples of tolerances that are specified as a percentdifference value are 1, 5, 10, or 20 %. Thus a tolerance of 10% implies an allowable deviation of 610 % from the compa-rable accepted reference value for the data item indicated.Tolerance in pe
49、rcent is equal to 100 minus the accuracy whenaccuracy is expressed as a percent.5.2.2 Single-interval Absolute Value DifferenceA single-interval absolute value difference (SAVD) specifies a singlemaximum allowable deviation of the TMD output with respectto the comparable accepted reference value. Thus,SAVD 5 |TMD Output Value Accepted Reference Value| (2)The SAVD expressed by Eq 2 is stated in units thatcorrespond to the data item indicated. For example, a maxi-mum difference of 3 mph (5 km/h) could be specified whenmeasuring the speed of
