1、Designation: E2851/E2851M 13Standard Specification forRuggedness Requirements for HAZMAT Instrumentation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2851/E2851M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification describes the ruggedness require-ments for equipment used during Hazardous Material(HAZMAT) operati
3、ons. The conditions defined by this speci-fication include those related to equipment storage, transport,and field use.1.2 This specification does not address passive personalprotective equipment (PPE) such as respirators and protectivesuits.1.3 The equipment addressed by this specification includes
4、devices used to detect or monitor for hazardous material.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalue
5、s from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
6、 applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. When using aHAZMAT instrument, follow the manufacturers guidance andappropriate safety practices for the threat expected or sus-pected in the environment where the instrument will be used.2. Referenced Documents2.1 NFPA Standard:2National Fire
7、Protection Association (NFPA) 1994, 2007Edition Cold Temperature: -25C (-13F)2.2 ANSI Standards:3NA42.32 American National Standard Performance Criteriafor Alarming Personal Radiation Detectors for HomelandSecurityN42.33 American National Standard for Portable RadiationDetection Instrument for Homel
8、and SecurityN42.34 American National Standard for Performance Crite-ria for Hand-Held Instruments for the Detection andIdentification of RadionuclidesN42.35 American National Standard for Evaluation andPerformance of Radiation Detection Portal Monitors forUse in Homeland Security2.3 IEC Standards:4I
9、EC 60068-1 Environmental TestingPart 1: General andGuidanceIEC 60068-2-18 Environmental TestingPart 2-18: TestsTest R and Guidance: WaterIEC 60068-2-75 Environmental TestingPart 2-75: TestsTests Eh: Hammer Tests.IEC 60529 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures(International Protection Rating o
10、r IP Code)IEC 61000-4-1 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part4-1: Testing and Measurement TechniquesOverview ofIEC 61000-4 SeriesIEC 61000-4-2 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part4-2: Testing and Measurement TechniquesElectrostaticDischarge Immunity TestIEC 61000-4-3 Electromagnetic Compatibili
11、ty (EMC)Part4-3: Testing and Measurement TechniquesRadiated,Radio-Frequency, Electromagnetic Field Immunity Test2.4 Underwriters Laboratories:5UL 2075 Gas and Vapor Detectors and Sensors2.5 Federal Standard:6MIL-Standard 810 Department of Defense Test MethodStandard for Environmental Engineering Con
12、siderationsand Laboratory Tests2.6 Code of Federal Regulations:7CFR Telecommunications Chapter 1, Rule 15 UnintentionalRadiators1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.01 on CBRNE Sensors
13、 and Detectors.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. DOI: 10.1520/E2851_E2851M-13.2Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43
14、rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue deVaremb, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.5Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,WA 98607-8542, http:/.6A
15、vailable from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.7Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol st., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.
16、access.gpo.govCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 body-worna HAZMAT instrument that typicallyweighs no more than 5.4 kg 12 lb and is no larger than 65 cm(sum of the sides).3.1.2 hand-car
17、rieda HAZMAT instrument that typicallyweighs no more than 2.3 kg 5 lb and is no larger than 40 cm(sum of the sides).3.1.3 installeda HAZMAT instrument that is permanentlymounted at a location.3.1.4 mobilea HAZMAT instrument that is larger than aman-portable, which is mounted to a mobile device to pe
18、rmitrelocation of the instrument as necessary for monitoring ofHAZMAT. The instrument may be operational while in motion.3.1.5 portablea HAZMAT instrument that physicallyweighs no more than 16 kg 35 lb and is no larger than 120 cm(sum of the sides).3.1.6 transportablea HAZMAT instrument that typical
19、lyweighs no more than 22.7 kg 50 lb and is no larger than 200cm (sum of the sides).3.2 A summary of the above can be found in Table 1.4. Purpose4.1 The purpose of this specification is to define for designand test purposes the environment in which HAZMAT equip-ment will likely be exposed during stor
20、age, transportation, anduse. The environments addressed by this specification arerelated to equipment that are typically man-portable, bodyworn, hand carried, transportable, mobile, or installed. Thiscould include extremes that range from mid-winter Alaska tomid-summer Death Valley environments.5. M
21、aterials and Manufacture5.1 Materials resistant to extremes of temperature should beused in the manufacture of HAZMAT instrumentation.5.2 Materials used in the manufacture of body-worn andhand-carried equipment must not support combustion. Theyshould be self extinguishing if they do get hot enough t
22、ocombust.5.3 Materials used in the manufacture of body-worn andhand-carried equipment must not flow when melted.6. Physical Properties6.1 HAZMAT instrumentation should be built from strong,inert, weather-resistant materials with rugged finishes to with-stand prolonged use in very harsh environments.
23、6.2 HAZMAT instrumentation should resist the effects fromand remain operational when exposed to the following:6.2.1 Saltwater, when used in coastal environments.6.2.2 Temperatures as stated in Table 2 and Table 3, bothnatural and man-made.6.2.3 Acidic chemicals found during fires and accidents.6.2.4
24、 Caustic chemicals found during fires and accidents.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Mechanical components of HAZMAT instrumentationshall be constructed so that they remain operational in theirintended environment of use.7.2 HAZMAT instrumentation shall be constructed so thatthey remain operational when
25、exposed to the following condi-tions:7.2.1 Impacts from use and transport.7.2.2 Transport vibration.7.2.3 Expansion or contraction due to hot or cold tempera-tures.7.2.4 Corrosion from harsh environments, that is, salt mist.8. Performance Requirements8.1 There is a broad spectrum between the differe
26、nt envi-ronmental conditions equipment are exposed to during storageand use. Refer to Table 2 for specific environmental conditionsfor each category of HAZMAT instrumentation.8.1.1 HAZMAT equipment shall be operable in rain,humidity, heat, and cold at the levels defined in this specifica-tion. Envir
27、onments could also include smoke, toxic chemicals(for example, chlorine, ammonia), caustic chemicals, andextreme heat. Meeting these requirements shall be by agree-ment between the manufacturer and the user.8.1.2 Body-worn HAZMAT equipment should endure fire-fighter environments (heat, water, smoke,
28、 cold) on a regularbasis.8.1.3 Storage of HAZMAT equipment varies widely. Someagencies store their HAZMAT equipment inside a temperaturecontrolled area while others use trucks or containers located inuncontrolled environments.NOTE 1Agencies surveyed regarding temperature and temperatureshock to HAZM
29、AT equipment almost all agree that -30 to 120F is anappropriate operating range. This temperature range also encompassesmost of the extreme temperatures the equipment would be exposed toduring storage. Equipment used by firefighters could very easily beexposed to high temperatures of +165F or more d
30、uring a fire.8.1.4 Most HAZMAT detection equipment requires a warmup and stabilization period prior to use. The manufacturer shallstate the time required for the system to become operational.8.2 Operator Interface:8.2.1 Displays and interfaces shall be designed to remainoperational during expected c
31、onditions of use.8.2.2 Displays shall be visible in bright sunlight (10 000lux) or low light (960 500E2851/E2851M 1349.7.2 Vibration:9.7.2.1 Installed Operations:(1) Installed equipment shall function normally after expo-sure to conditions associated with truck transportation overU.S. highways for t
32、wo-wheeled trailers and wheeled vehicles.The limits are taken from MIL-STD 810F, Category 4 and areshown in Table 5.(2) The physical condition of the device should not beaffected by exposure (for example, solder joints shall hold, nutsand bolts shall not come loose).9.7.2.2 Mobile OperationsEquipmen
33、t should functionnormally during exposure to the vibration environments shownin Table 5.9.7.2.3 Hand-Carried or Body-WornThe equipment shallfunction normally while being subjected to a random vibrationat 0.01 g2/Hz (spectral density) using a 5 and 500 Hz for thefrequency endpoints. This exposure rep
34、resents conditions ex-pected during hand-carried or body-worn activities.9.7.3 Mechanical Shock:9.7.3.1 InstalledNon-installed HAZMAT equipment shallfunction normally after exposure to 30 g mechanical shocks inthe vertical direction with the device positioned as it would bemounted in the field. The
35、physical condition of the monitorshould not be affected by exposure (for example, solder jointsshall hold, nuts and bolts shall not come loose).9.7.3.2 Portable, Hand-Carried, and Body-WornHAZMAT equipment shall function normally during exposureto ten shock pulses of 50 g peak acceleration, each app
36、lied fora normal 18 ms in each of three mutually orthogonal axes. Thephysical condition shall not be affected by these shocks (forexample, solder joints shall hold, nuts and bolts shall not comeloose).10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations10.1 HAZMAT instrumentation, to be usable by an ind
37、i-vidual wearing PPE such as cold weather gear or firefightersturnout gear must be of a size to permit comfortable handlingand operation while wearing this gear. Instrumentation must belightweight, moderate in size, or have a grasping surface orhandle.10.2 Handles shall be designed such that an indi
38、vidual withcold weather or firefighter-type protective gloves shall be ableto easily hold the instrument by the handle.10.3 HAZMAT instrumentation shall be no smaller than 8cm in length and width nor thinner than 5 cm.11. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance11.1 The quality of the HAZMAT instrumentat
39、ion should bereflected in its appearance. Readouts, labels, and exteriorinstructions should be of high professional quality.11.2 View screen cover glass should have a mat finish toreduce glare.11.3 Cases for HAZMAT instruments shall have the follow-ing construction features:11.3.1 Be of rigid constr
40、uction to the extent possible.11.3.2 Have minimal openings and those necessary open-ings be closed and sealed when not in use to preclude internalexposure to environmental insults.11.3.3 All access points such as battery compartments andcomponent attachment points have a gasket seal.11.3.4 Smooth fi
41、nish to facilitate decontamination andcleaning.12. Keywords12.1 body-worn; hand-carried; HAZMAT; installed; instru-mentation; mobile; portable; ruggedness; transportableASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin
42、this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must
43、 be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of ther
44、esponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
45、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission
46、rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 5 Information from Table 514.5c-VIIBreak Points for Curves of Figures 514.5C-1Vertical Transverse LongitudinalHz g2/Hz Hz g2/Hz Hz g2/Hz10 0.01500 10 0.00013 10 0.0065040 0.01500 20 0.00065 20 0.00650500 0.00015 30 0.00065 120 0.0002078 0.00002 121 0.0030079 0.00019 200 0.00300120 0.00019 240 0.00150500 0.00001 340 0.00003500 0.000151.04 g RMS 0.204 g RMS 0.740 g RMSE2851/E2851M 135
