1、Designation: E 492 09Standard Test Method forLaboratory Measurement of Impact Sound TransmissionThrough Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the TappingMachine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 492; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method is one of several for evaluating the sound insulating prope
3、rties of buildingelements. It is designed to measure the impact sound transmission performance of an isolatedfloor-ceiling assembly, in a controlled laboratory environment. Others in the set deal with fieldmeasurement of impact sound transmission through floor-ceiling assemblies (Test Method E 1007)
4、,measurement of sound isolation in buildings (Test Method E 336), the measurement of soundtransmission through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E 1414), and the laboratorymeasurement of airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls, floor-ceilingassemblies, door
5、s, and other space-dividing elements (Test Method E90).1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement ofimpact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using astandardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the testspecimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path intoa
6、 receiving room located directly below and that a goodapproximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling as-semblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor orsuspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assem-blies surfa
7、ced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure forreporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-thirdoctave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.1.4 Laborato
8、ry AccreditationThe requirements for ac-crediting a laboratory for performing this test method are givenin Annex A2.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconc
9、erns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and
10、Sound Ab-sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodC 634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmen-tal AcousticsE90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of AirborneSound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Ele-mentsE 336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne SoundAtten
11、uation between Rooms in BuildingsE 989 Classification for Determination of Impact InsulationClass (IIC)E 1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of TappingMachine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support StructuresE 1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuat
12、ion Be-tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling PlenumE 2235 Test Method for Determination of Decay Rates forUse in Sound Insulation Test Methods2.2 ANSI Standards:31This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E33 on Buildingand Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of
13、 SubcommitteeE33.03 on Sound Transmission.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 492 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or
14、g. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
15、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.S1.10 Pressure Calibration of Laboratory Standard PressureMicrophonesS1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital FiltersS1.43 Specification for Integrating-Averaging Sound-LevelMetersS12.51 AcousticsD
16、etermination of Sound Power Levelsof Noise Sources Using Sound PressurePrecision Meth-ods for Reverberation Rooms2.3 ISO Standards:3ISO 140/6 AcousticsMeasurement of Sound Insulation inBuildings and of Building Elements Part 6: LaboratoryMeasurements of Impact Sound Insulation of FloorsISO 3741 Dete
17、rmination of Sound Power Levels of NoiseSources Using Sound PressurePrecision Methods forReverberation Rooms2.4 IEC Standards:4IEC 60942 ElectroacousticsSound CalibratorsIEC 61672 ElectroacousticsSound Level MetersPart 1:Specifications3. Terminology3.1 The following terms used in this test method ha
18、vespecific meanings that are defined in Terminology C 634:airborne soundaverage sound pressure levelbackground noisedecay ratedecibeldiffuse sound fieldimpact insulation classone-third octave bandreceiving roomreverberant sound fieldreverberation roomsound absorptionsound pressure level3.2 Definitio
19、ns of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 receiving rooma reverberation room below the floorspecimen under test in which the sound pressure levels due tothe tapping machine are measured.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A standard tapping machine is placed in operation on afloor specimen that is intend
20、ed to represent a horizontalseparation between two rooms, one directly above the other.The average spectrum of the sound pressure levels produced bythe tapping machine is measured in the receiving room belowin one-third octave bands.4.2 Since the spectrum depends on the absorption of thereceiving ro
21、om, the sound pressure levels are normalized to areference absorption for purposes of comparing results ob-tained in different receiving rooms that differ in absorption.5. Significance and Use5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the testspecimen is determined by the following:5.1.1 The si
22、ze and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting oredge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,5.1.2 The acoustical response of the room below,5.1.3 The placement of the object or device producing theimpacts, and5.1.4 The nature of the a
23、ctual impact itself.5.2 This test method is based on the use of a standardizedtapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specificpositions on the floor. This machine produces a continuousseries of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor andgenerates in the receiving room broadb
24、and sound pressurelevels that are sufficiently high to make measurements possiblebeneath most floor types even in the presence of backgroundnoise. The tapping machine itself, however, is not designed tosimulate any one type of impact, such as produced by male orfemale footsteps.5.3 Because of its po
25、rtable design, the tapping machine doesnot simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, thestructural sounds, i.e., creaks or booms of a floor assemblycaused by such footstep excitation is not reflected in the singlenumber impact rating derived from test results obtained by thistest method. The
26、 degree of correlation between the results oftapping machine tests in the laboratory and the subjectiveacceptance of floors under typical conditions of domesticimpact excitation is uncertain. The correlation will depend onboth the type of floor construction and the nature of the impactexcitation in
27、the building.5.4 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements ofthis test method, the intent is that only significant path forsound transmission between the rooms is through the testspecimen. This is not generally the case in buildings wherethere are often many other paths for soundsflanking
28、 soundtransmission. Consequently sound ratings obtained using thistest method do not relate directly to sound isolation inbuildings; they represent an upper limit to what would bemeasured in a field test.5.5 This test method is not intended for field tests. Fieldtests are performed according to Test
29、 Method E 1007.6. Test Rooms6.1 The test facility shall be so constructed and arrangedthat the test specimen constitutes the only important transmis-sion path for the tapping machine sound.NOTE 1Common methods for ensuring that this requirement issatisfied include mounting the specimen resiliently i
30、n the test opening,mounting the specimen in a resiliently supported test frame, and support-ing rooms resiliently. In general, all rigid connections between thespecimen and the test rooms should be avoided.6.2 The spatial variations of sound pressure level measuredin the receiving room shall be such
31、 that the precision require-ments in Annex A1 are satisfied at all frequencies.6.3 Volume of Receiving RoomThe recommended mini-mum volume of the receiving room is 125 m3.NOTE 2See Test Method E90for recommendations for new construc-tion.6.4 Room AbsorptionThe sound absorption in the receiv-ing room
32、 should be low to achieve the best possible simulation4Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue deVaremb, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.E492092of the ideal diffuse field condition, and to minimize the regiondominated by the direct fi
33、eld of the test specimen. In thefrequency range that extends from f = 2000/V1/3to 2000 Hz,the absorption in the receiving room (as furnished withdiffusers) should be no greater than:A 5 V2/3/3 (1)where:V = the room volume, m3, andA = the sound absorption of the room, m2.6.4.1 For frequencies below f
34、 = 2000/V1/3, somewhat higherabsorption may be desirable to accommodate requirements ofother test methods (for example, ISO 3741); in any case, theabsorption should be no greater than three times the valuegiven by Eq 1.NOTE 3For frequencies above 2000 Hz, atmospheric absorption maymake it impossible
35、 to avoid a slightly higher value than that given in Eq1.6.5 During the sound pressure level and sound absorptionmeasurements in the receiving room the average temperatureshall be in the range 22 6 5C and the average relativehumidity shall be at least 30 %.6.6 During the sound pressure level and the
36、 correspondingsound absorption measurements, variations in temperature andhumidity in the receiving room shall not exceed 3C and 3 %relative humidity respectively. Temperature and humidity shallbe measured and recorded as often as necessary to ensurecompliance.6.6.1 If a relative humidity of at leas
37、t 30 % can not bemaintained in the receiving room, users of the test method shallverify by calculation that changes in the 10 log A1term (see12.4) due to changes in temperature and humidity do notexceed 0.5 dB.NOTE 4Procedures for calculating air absorption are described in TestMethod C 423.7. Test
38、Specimens7.1 The test specimen shall be prepared and described in thetest report in accordance with Annex A1 of Test Method E90.7.2 Size and MountingThe test specimen shall have aminimum lateral dimension of 2.4 m. An area of at least 10 m2is recommended. The test specimen shall include all of thees
39、sential constructional elements and surfacing materials nor-mally found in an actual installation. Some elements may haveto be reduced in size to fit each laboratorys test opening. Thetest specimen shall be sealed to prevent tapping machineoperational sounds from entering the room below. The speci-m
40、en shall be structurally isolated from the receiving room toavoid significant transmission of vibration from the specimenthrough the supporting structure to the room below.7.3 Floor-surfacing materials, such as vinyl, carpets andpads, especially when installed with adhesive, significantlyaffect the
41、response of the test specimen to impacts, both duringtest and in normal use. Consequently, such materials shall bedeemed parts of the test specimen. The materials and themanner of installing them shall be fully described in the testreport. The floor-surfacing material shall cover the whole testspeci
42、men, not merely the portion under the impact machine.8. Tapping Machine8.1 This test method is based on the use of a standardizedtapping machine that conforms to the following specifications:8.1.1 The tapping machine shall be motor-driven.8.1.2 The tapping machine shall have five hammers equallyspac
43、ed in a line. The distance between centerlines of neigh-boring hammers shall be 100 6 3 mm.8.1.3 Each hammer shall have an effective mass of 500 6 6g and shall fall freely from a height of 40 6 3 mm.8.1.4 The falling direction of the hammers shall be perpen-dicular to the test surface to within 6 0.
44、5.8.1.5 The part of the hammer carrying the impact surfaceshall be cylindrical with a diameter of 30 6 0.2 mm.8.1.6 The impact surface shall be of hardened steel and shallbe approximately spherical with a curvature radius of 500 6100 mm.NOTE 5The mean curvature radius for each hammer face may bedete
45、rmined using a spherometer or other means.8.1.7 The time between successive impacts shall be 100 620 ms.8.1.8 Since friction in the hammer guidance system canreduce the velocity of the hammer at impact, the tappingmachine shall be checked for friction between the hammersand the guidance system. Any
46、friction found should be elimi-nated or reduced as much as possible.8.1.9 Following adjustment of the hammer drop in accor-dance with the specifications, the tapping machine is ready foruse on any floor structure, including those surfaced with soft orresilient materials.NOTE 6The above requirements
47、are a subset of the ISO 140/6requirements.8.2 Tapping Machine PositionsThe tapping machine po-sitions and orientations described in the following must beused. Fig. 1 illustrates one case.8.2.1 Position 1The middle hammer of the tapping ma-chine shall be coincident with the midpoint of the floor area
48、,that is, the point of intersection of floor diagonals. In framedconstruction, adjust this point to the centerline of the closeststructural member or other support member, and arrange thetapping machine so that all hammers fall on the joist.8.2.2 Position 2Same as position 1, except rotate thetappin
49、g machine 90 about the axis of the middle hammer.8.2.3 Position 3Displace the tapping machine laterallyfrom position 1, such that the long dimension of the machine iscentered midway between and parallel to the central structuralmember. In the case of homogeneous concrete slab floors orsolid deck construction without joists, the lateral displacementof the tapping machine shall be 0.6 m from that of position 1.8.2.4 Position 4Position the tapping machine so that allhammers fall on a 45 radial line extending from the middlehammer point of position 1. Loc
