1、Designation: E 695 03 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method ofMeasuring Relative Resistance of Wall, Floor, and RoofConstruction to Impact Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the relativeresistance of wall, floor, a
3、nd roof construction to impactloading. The test is not applicable to doors.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standar
4、d to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1517 Terminology Relating to LeatherE73 Practice for Static Load Testing of Truss AssembliesE 575 Practice for Reporting Data f
5、rom Structural Tests ofBuilding Constructions, Elements, Connections, and As-sembliesE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 661 Test Method for Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing Under ConcentratedStatic and Impact Loads2.2 Other Standards:Fed. Spec. V-T-291E(1) Linen
6、Thread33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms related to thisstandard, see Terminology E 631.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedures outlined will provide data that can beused to evaluate the relative performance of wall, floor, androof constructions under conditions representative
7、of thosesustained in actual service when subjected to impact by a heavyblunt object. See Test Method E 661 for evaluation of floor androof sheathing and Practice E73for evaluation of roof trusses.4.2 The method is intended to be applied to relatively lightconstruction, including, but not limited to,
8、 wood floor and roofsystems, partitions framed with wood or steel studs, steel flooror roof decking systems, steel siding and wall panels, or thinconcrete and masonry walls or slabs and similar assemblies.5. Summary of Method5.1 Specimens of wall, floor, and roof construction aresubjected to the imp
9、act force of a standard impact instrument.Wall sections are tested in the vertical position. Floor and roofsections are tested only in the horizontal position. Because ofthe inherent differences in the method of applying load,measurements obtained from tests in a horizontal mode are notcomparable to
10、 measurements obtained from tests in the verticalmode.6. Apparatus for Floor and Roof Systems, SpecimenHorizontal (see Fig. 1)6.1 Supports, steel rollers, two, on a rigid base.6.2 Impact Instrument, made with a shot-filled leather bagas specified in 6.2.1-6.2.6. (see Fig. 2.)6.2.1 LeatherThe leather
11、 used in construction of the bagshould be harness leather (Note 1), oak tanned (Note 1) frompacker hides (Note 1) or latigo leather (Note 1), alum andvegetable tanned, or both. Leather thickness shall be expressedin ounces (Note 1) (1 oz = 0.4 mm (164 in.).NOTE 1See Terminology 1517.6.2.2 ThreadThre
12、ad used in fabrication of the bag shall belinen thread of four or more plys, meeting the requirements forType B, Class 1 or 2, of Fed. Spec. V-T-291E(1) (1).6.2.3 FabricationThe side of the bag shall be 710 mm (28in.) high by 735 mm (29 in.) in circumference, with a sidewallof 8-oz leather 3 mm (18
13、in.) thick. The vertical edges shall besewed together flesh side out and the seam shall be reinforced1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.11on Horizontal and Vertical Structures/Structural Pe
14、rformance of Completed Struc-tures.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 695 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For
15、Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.1Copyright ASTM International, 10
16、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.with a piece of 8-oz leather overlapping 10 mm (38 in.) eachside. The side shall then be turned hair side out and sewed tothe bottom. The base (bottom disk) shall be 230 mm (9 in.) indiameter of 12-oz leather 5 mm (316
17、 in.) thick. The seamattaching the wall to the base shall be 6 mm (14 in.) from theedge of the base. Two rows of stitching shall be used for thevertical wall seam and the seam attaching the wall to the base.6.2.4 Hoisting StrapThe strap to hoist the bag shall bemade from 8-oz leather 3 mm (18 in.) t
18、hick by 16 mm (58 in.)wide by 610 mm (24 in.) long. The strap shall be passedthrough holes, diametrically opposite, in the side walls 40 mm(112 in.) from the top of the wall. These holes shall bereinforced with pieces of 8-oz leather and 76 mm (3 in.) square.The leather strap shall be passed twice t
19、hrough a 50-mm (2-in.)diameter lifting ring and the ends fastened by sewing, riveting,or by use of a buckle. To avoid excessive stretching of theleather wall or failure of the vertical seam, a sleeve, made from12-oz leather, of the same type as the base of the bag, shall befitted to slip tightly aro
20、und the lower portion of the bag. Thissleeve should be 250 mm (958 in.) high.6.2.5 ShotThe bag shall be loosely filled with metal shotor pellets with diameters of 1 to 3.5 mm (0.039 to 0.138 in.).Two layers of 75-mm (3-in.) thick foam rubber or similarpadding shall be placed over the lead shot to pr
21、event spillageduring testing.6.2.6 The total mass of the bag, including shot, shall beadjusted to the desired level with an accuracy of 61 %. Themass of the bag may be adjusted to any specified mass,depending upon the information desired.6.3 Measuring SticksA stick, laid off in 150-mm (6-in.)increme
22、nts, or a series of sticks the lengths of which aremultiples of 152 mm (6 in.), to measure the height of dropaccurately. A graduated sliding pointer, a standard metal tapemeasure, or any similar device that can accurately measure theheight of drop may be substituted.6.4 Deflectometer, or other suita
23、ble deflectometer equip-ment, consisting of a metal tube having a base at the lower endand a clamp at the upper end which supports, by friction, a lightmetal rod. The rod shall be movable inside the tube and shallbe graduated to 0.25-mm (0.01-in.) divisions.6.5 Set Gage, consisting of a light, rigid
24、 frame having twolegs at one end and one leg at the other end, with the distancebetween the legs equal to the span of the specimen. A dialmicrometer graduated to 0.025-mm (0.001-in.) divisions shallbe attached to the frame at midlength.6.6 Gage Blocks, 300 by 300 mm (12 by 12 in.) in area, andconstr
25、ucted of metal or other hard surface material.6.7 Hold-DownsClamps or other restraining devices atthe specimen ends to minimize translation.7. Apparatus for Wall Systems, Specimen Vertical (seeFig. 3)7.1 Steel Channels, for support of the specimen at top andbottom.7.2 Rollers, cylindrical rollers an
26、d two supporting rollers.7.3 Impact bag, measuring sticks, deflectometer, set gage,and gage blocks conforming to the requirements specified in6.2-6.7.7.4 Rigid Supporting Frame, to which the supporting chan-nels and deflection gage are attached.8. Test Specimen8.1 SizeThe specimens shall be represen
27、tative of theactual construction as to material, method of assembly, andworkmanship.8.2 Length or HeightThe length or height of specimen foreach element shall be chosen to conform approximately to thelength or height of that element in actual size.8.3 WidthThe width of specimen shall be chosen, inso
28、faras feasible, to include several of the principal load-carryingmembers to ensure that the behavior under load will simulatethat anticipated under service conditions. The actual width ofspecimens shall be a whole number multiplied by the spacingof the principal load-carrying members, except for pre
29、fabri-cated panels for which the actual width shall be the width ofpanel used. If the structural properties of a particular construc-tion are to be compared with another construction, there shouldnot be a great difference in the actual widths of the specimens.8.4 AgeConstructions such as concrete an
30、d masonry(brick, structural clay tile, concrete block) for which thestructural properties depend upon the age of the specimen,shall be tested not less than 25 days nor more than 56 days afterfabrication except in special instances such as the case ofexisting panels. This age requirement applies also
31、 to plasteredand stuccoed constructions. Other assemblies affected bymoisture shall be conditioned to constant weight or moisturecontent, or for at least 2 weeks at 20 6 3C (68 6 6F) and 656 5 % relative humidity.8.5 NumberTests shall be made on a minimum of threelike specimens. However, more tests
32、may be necessary depend-ing upon information and accuracy desired.9. Procedure9.1 For symmetrical walls, apply the impact load to theoutside face from at least one of the specimens, and to theinside face of the other two specimens. For asymmetrical walls,test both sides an equal number of times. Thi
33、s will require aminimum of four test specimens. Exception: only one sideneed be tested at the option of the client and laboratorydepending upon information required. The report shall recordwhich side or sides of the specimen that is tested. For floor andFIG. 1 Impact Load Test (Specimen Horizontal)E
34、 695 03 (2009)2roof assemblies apply the impact loads only to the upperfinish-floor face of the specimen.NOTE 2Any criteria for pass/fail or for stopping the test should beagreed upon between the sponsor and testing agency prior to testing. Somepossible points include: the ability to sustain a speci
35、fied static load afterthe impact drop; limitation on the instantaneous deflection or residual set;penetration of panel; destruction of panel (to be defined); or simply aspecified height of drop or number of drops per test from a specific height.9.2 Point of ImpactIf the construction has structuralme
36、mbers, that is, studs or joists, test each specimen so that atleast one such structural member will be struck by the impactbag. Test each specimen also so that the impact bag will strikethe facing midway between two members.NOTE 3As written, this method may not necessarily define or test themost vul
37、nerable part of a panel specimen.Additional tests may be requiredto locate such an area if this information is desired.9.3 Loading-Floor and Roof Assemblies-SpecimenHorizontalTest the specimen as a simple beam on a spannominally 150 mm (6 in.) less than the specimen length. Thetwo supports for the s
38、pecimens shall prevent longitudinalrestraint and shall provide bearing for the entire width of thespecimen. Secure the ends of the panel by hold-downs tominimize specimen bounce. Take care to assure that thehold-downs do not affect deflection of the specimen. Apply animpact load to the upper face of
39、 the specimen by dropping thebag beginning with a height of 152 6 6mm(6614 in.) andincreasing the height in 152 6 6-mm (6 614-in.) increments.Record set and instantaneous deflection measurements for each(1) LeatherUse harness leather (oak tanned from packer hides) or latigo leather (alum and vegetab
40、le tanned) (see Terminology D 1517 for definitions and terms) (1-ozleather =164 in. (0.4 mm) thick).(2) ThreadUse linen thread (minimum four-ply) in accordance with Fed. Spec. V-T-291E(1), Type B, Class 1 or 2. Double-stitch sidewall seam and seam attachingsidewall to the base.(3) ShotUse shot (1 to
41、 3.5 mm (0.039 to 0.138 in.) diameter). Fill bag with shot and cover with two layers of 76 mm (3 in.) foam rubber.FIG. 2 Leather Drop Bag AssemblyE 695 03 (2009)3drop. For the first drop, measure the height of the bag from theupper face of the specimen at a point directly beneath the bag,and for sub
42、sequent drops, from a taut cord in contact with theupper face directly above the supports.9.4 Loading-Wall Assemblies Specimen VerticalPositionthe specimen on cylindrical rollers to prevent transverserestraint. The axes of the rollers shall be parallel to the faces ofthe specimens. The two supportin
43、g rollers shall be in contactwith the vertical surface of the rigid frame and each roller shallrest horizontally on sponge rubber 16 6 3mm(58 618 in.)thick to prevent longitudinal restraint. Support the bag as apendulum in the frame as shown in Fig. 3. Take care to assurethat the hold-downs do not a
44、ffect deflection of the specimen.Apply an impact load to the middle of the outer face of thespecimens by releasing the bag beginning with a height of 1526 6mm(6614 in.) and increasing the height in 152 6 6-mm(6 614-in.) increments. The maximum useful height of dropwill occur when the pendulum or fra
45、me is perpendicular to thespecimen. Measure the height of drop from the point of impactof the center of gravity of the bag as it strikes the specimen tothis same point when the bag is in the raised position. Releasethe bag by smoothly and swiftly opening the hinged doors,causing it to swing as a tru
46、e pendulum thus eliminatingwobbling.9.5 Instantaneous DeflectionUse the deflectometer (see6.4) to measure the instantaneous deflection of the specimen.Prior to loading, hold the light metal rod in contact with themiddle of the lower face of the specimen by the clamp. Whenthe specimen deflects under
47、the impact load, the rod is held inits lowest position by the friction clamp. Report readings to thenearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).9.6 SetTo measure the set, place the set gage on the upperface of the specimen. Take readings by placing the set gage onthe specimen with the legs at the supports and the sp
48、indle of thedial micrometer in contact with the middle of the specimen,and reading the micrometer. If the set exceeds the range of themicrometer, place gage blocks between the specimen and thespindle of the micrometer to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.).10. Recordings10.1 Deflection and SetFor each
49、height of drop calculatethe deflection between the reading of the deflectometer and theinitial reading. Similarly, calculate the set as the differencebetween the reading of the set gage and the initial reading.Record the maximum height of drop.11. Report11.1 The report shall follow the format of Practice E 575.Inaddition, the report shall also include the following:11.2 Description of test assembly, including:11.2.1 Size of test specimen,11.2.2 Details of structural design, including where appli-cable or required, the design stresses, d
