1、Designation: E 871 82 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forMoisture Analysis of Particulate Wood Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of totalweight basis moisture in the analysis sample of particulatewood fuel. Th
3、e particulate wood fuel may be sanderdust,sawdust, pellets, green tree chips, hogged fuel, or other typeparticulate wood fuel having a maximum particle volume of16.39 cm3(1 in.3). It is used for calculating other analyticalresults to a dry basis. Moisture, when determined as hereindescribed, may be
4、used to indicate yields on processes, toprovide the basis for purchasing and selling, or to establishburning characteristics.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all
5、of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 346 Practice for Col
6、lection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory AnalysisD 2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis3. Significance and Use3.1 The test procedures described in this test method can beused to determine the total weight basis moisture of anyparticulate wood fuel meeting the requiremen
7、ts specified in thistest method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Moisture is determined by establishing the loss inweight of the sample when heated under rigidly controlledconditions of temperature, time and atmosphere, sampleweight, and equipment specifications.5. Apparatus5.1 Drying OvenFor determinin
8、g the moisture of wood,an ordinary drying oven with openings for natural air circula-tion and capable of temperature regulation of 103 6 1C shallbe used.5.2 Open Containers, nonporous glass, metal, or ceramicand of a configuration so as to accommodate the test sample.The minimum volume shall be 32.1
9、8 cm3(2 in.3).5.3 Desiccator, of sufficient size to contain the open con-tainer.6. Procedure6.1 Sampling:6.1.1 Place of SamplingTake the sample where the woodis being loaded into or unloaded from means of transportationor when discharged from storage bins or conveyors.NOTE 1Samples collected from th
10、e surface of piles are, in general,unreliable because of the exposure to the environment. If necessary,collect nine increments from a foot or more below the surface at ninepoints covering the pile.6.1.2 Collection of Gross Sample:6.1.2.1 Collect increments regularly, systematically, andwith such fre
11、quency that the entire quantity of wood sampledwill be represented proportionally in the gross sample.6.1.2.2 The quantity of the sample shall be large enough tobe representative but not less than 10 kg (22 lb).6.1.2.3 Place the samples in an airtight container immedi-ately after collection. Maintai
12、n the samples in the airtightcontainer whenever possible to prevent gains or losses inmoisture from the atmosphere.6.1.3 Sample reduction may be done by two methods, aconing and dividing process, or by using a riffle. The opera-tions of mixing, coning, and quartering are described inPractice D 346.1
13、This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 onBiotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.05 on BiomassConversion.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 871 82
14、 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
15、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.3.1 Accomplish coning and dividing reduction by plac-ing the gross sample on a sheet of rubber or oil cloth.Thoroughly mix it by raising first one corner of the cloth andthen the other. After mixing cone and quarter sample, continueth
16、e operations until the sample is reduced sufficiently so thatone quarter weighs about 50 g (0.11 lb). This shall constitute alaboratory sample.6.1.3.2 Accomplish riffle reduction using a standard coalriffle. Riffle the gross sample repeatedly until one half of theriffle sample equals about 50 g (0.1
17、1 lb), which will constitutea laboratory sample. Riffles and procedures are described inPractice D 2013.6.2 Dry sample container for 30 min at 103 6 1C in theoven, then cool in desiccator to room temperature. Weigh to thenearest 0.02 g and record as container weight, Wc. Place aminimum of 50 g of sa
18、mple in the container, weigh the sampleand container to the nearest 0.01 g, and record as initial weight,Wi.6.3 Place the sample and container in the oven for 16 h at103 6 1C.6.4 Remove the sample and the container from the oven andcool in the desiccator to room temperature. Remove the sampleand con
19、tainer from the desiccator, weigh immediately to thenearest 0.01 g, and record the weight.6.5 Return the sample and container to the oven at 103 61C for 2 h. Repeat 6.4.6.6 Continue 6.4 until the total weight change betweenweighings varies less than 0.2 % and record as the final weight,Wf.7. Calcula
20、tion7.1 Calculate the percent moisture in the analysis sample asfollows:Moisture in analysis sample, %5 Wi2 Wf!/Wi2 Wc!# 3 100 (1)where:Wc= container weight, g,Wi= initial weight, g, andWf= final weight, g.8. Precision and Bias8.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of
21、 results:8.1.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same labora-tory should not be considered suspect unless they differ bymore than 0.5 %.8.1.2 ReproducibilityThe results submitted by two ormore laboratories should not be considered suspect unless theydiffer by more than 1 %.ASTM International tak
22、es no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own re
23、sponsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addres
24、sed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at th
25、e address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 871 82 (2006)2
