1、Designation: F1046 01 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Guide forPreparing Artificially Worn Passenger and Light Truck Tiresfor Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1046; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide outlines the preparation of artificially worntires by tread rubber removal (cutting or grin
3、ding, or both) forsubsequent performance testing. The purpose is to permit thepreparation of test tires with a uniformly reduced tread groovedepth and tread geometry that will yield repeatable test resultswhile avoiding the time-consuming and costly over-the-roadnatural wearing of tires.1.2 The valu
4、es stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate sa
5、fety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F421 Test Method for Measuring Groove and Void Depth inPassenger Car TiresF762 Test Method for Determining Change in Groove (orVoid) Depth With Distance Travel
6、ed for Passenger CarTires3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 groove, na void that is relatively narrow (comparedto its length).3.1.2 groove average depth L, nthe average of all tiregroove depth measurements in a single groove.3.1.3 groove (void) depth, L, na measurement of theperpendicular distance
7、from a real or calculated reference planedefined by edges of two adjacent ribs (lugs) to the lowest pointof contact in the groove (void).3.1.4 treadwear indicator, na raised portion of a groovebottom or a void bottom that is molded in a tire at fairly regularintervals around the circumference to pro
8、vide a visual indica-tion that most of a tread has been worn away.3.1.5 void, na volume (in the tread band) defined by thelack of rubber; the depth dimension of this volume may varyfrom point to point in on the tread band.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide outlines a method for groove depth measure-m
9、ent and for reduced groove depth calculation followed byremoval of a calculated amount of tread rubber and for finalsurface grinding to obtain a smooth finish. An optional tirebreak-in period to follow this operation is described. Tech-niques for photography and measurements to document thefinal tre
10、ad characteristics are described.5. Significance and Use5.1 Tires having reduced groove depth are required in sometire tests to determine changes in performance as a tire wearsin service. This guide describes the preparation of artificiallyworn tires. This guide is not meant to replace the developme
11、ntof worn tires through over-the-road travel when naturally worntires are required. Further refinements of these techniques maybe made with increased field experience.5.2 The amount of tread rubber to be removed (groovedepth reduction) and the final surface texture are selectedaccording to the requi
12、rements of a particular testing program.5.3 The type of test program determines the actual tolerancenecessary on the final groove depth. For example, snowtraction will require very close control of the final groove depthwhile vehicle handling tests can accommodate a wider toler-ance on the final gro
13、ove depth.6. Apparatus6.1 Tread Depth Gage, meeting the requirements of TestMethod F421.6.2 Equipment, for determining tread radius.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.20 on Vehicular Testing.Current edition approve
14、d Oct. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F1046 - 01. DOI:10.1520/F1046-01R08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandard
15、s volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Sun Sep 22 22:21:23 EDT 2013Downloaded/printed byGuo D
16、ehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.6.3 Tire Tread Removal Machine, with accessories to re-move tread rubber in a predetermined manner.7. Procedure7.1 Method SelectionThe actual method utilized deter-mines the accuracy and uniformity of the final groove dep
17、th.With equipment monitoring the tread surface relative to theaxis of wheel rotation, a tolerance of 60.51 mm (60.020 in.)is obtainable with most existing equipment. For other equip-ment that monitors the tire tread surface or base of the groove,a tolerance of 62 % groove depth is obtainable.7.2 Gro
18、ove Depth Measurement:7.2.1 Mount the tire on a rim approved by the Tire and RimAssociation (T Sun Sep 22 22:21:23 EDT 2013Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.C 5 R 2 =R 2 X!22 B!22 y (6)r 5B21C22C(7)where:S = total arc length betw
19、een the two outside grooves(inches),R = new tire tread radius (inches),X = (desired percent wear) by (new outer groove depth),y = (desired percent wear) by (new center groove depth),andr = new radius for worn tire condition.8.2.1 For multi-radii tire designs, a graphical solution maybe necessary bas
20、ed upon a new tire layout drawing or actualinflated tire shoulder to shoulder surface measurements. Thefinal shape can then be graphically determined based on targetdepth specified.9. Report9.1 An enlarged photographic record of the surface condi-tion of the test tires shall be made if requested aft
21、er finalpreparation or break-in and prior to testing (see Fig. 1).9.1.1 Photographs shall be taken at 3 times magnificationwith the camera mounted perpendicular to the center axis of thetire, as shown in Fig. 2.9.1.2 Lighting is provided at an angle 30 above a linetangent to the tire surface and per
22、pendicular to the axis of thecamera from the direction of travel during the break-in.9.1.3 Adjust the light intensity or light distance, or both, forthe individual tire size.9.2 Record, if requested, tire description, tread hardness(Shore A), and tread radius profile. Groove depth measure-ments befo
23、re and after groove depth reduction shall be re-corded.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Quantitative tire performance measurements are notaddressed in this guide, therefore precision as normally con-sidered for test method standards is not applicable to this guide.10.2 Preparation of test specimens is ver
24、y “technique sen-sitive,” that is, the operators role in removing rubber andsubsequent buffing is critical as is the travel distance and typeof break-in on a vehicle. Documentation of the preparationtechniques, tire measurements, and photographic evidence ofthe final tread surface texture are requir
25、ed to obtain comparableartificially worn tires.11. Keywords11.1 apparatus; artificially worn; light truck tires; passengertires; preparing; procedure; testingAcceptableUnacceptableNOTE 1Typical reduced groove depth tire surface after tread rubberremoval (3 magnification). Break-in will smooth the su
26、rface even more.FIG. 1 Tire Tread Surface ConditionsF1046 01 (2008)3Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Sun Sep 22 22:21:23 EDT 2013Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.ASTM International takes no position respecting the v
27、alidity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is s
28、ubject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headq
29、uarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This stan
30、dard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or se
31、rviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 2 Set-Up for Photographing Tread Surface TextureF1046 01 (2008)4Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Sun Sep 22 22:21:23 EDT 2013Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.
