1、Designation: F1468 04a (Reapproved 2010)Standard Practice forEvaluation of Metallic Weapons Detectors for ControlledAccess Search and Screening1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1468; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th
2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers methods for the evaluation ofwalk-through metal weapons detectors
3、 and criteria for testingmetal detection performance.1.2 This practice specifies certain health, safety, and humanfactors criteria pertaining to the usage of the detection equip-ment.1.3 This practice requires the use of non-standardized (user-supplied) test objects and test equipment. Evaluations m
4、adeusing the procedures outlined in this practice can be used forcomparative evaluations only if the tests are made with thesame equipment and test objects.1.4 This practice is intended for use by manufacturers andevaluators of electromagnetic field devices used for screeningpersons entering into co
5、ntrolled access areas. It is not intendedto set performance nor limit or constrain operating technolo-gies, nor is it a document for use by individual operators orusers of such equipment at specific access control points.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. Other unit
6、s given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regu
7、latory limitations prior to use. For a specifichazards statement, see warning note in 12.2.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI/IEEE Standard:C62.41 IEEE Guide for Surge Voltages in Low Voltage ACPower Circuits23. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 clean testerperson wh
8、o does not carry any objectswhich would significantly alter the signal produced when theperson carries a test object; smaller test objects require morecomplete elimination of metallic objects. By example but notlimitation, such significant objects may include: metallic beltbuckles, metal buttons, ca
9、rdiac pacemakers, coins, metal-frameeye glasses, hearing aids, jewelry, keys, mechanical pens andpencils, shoes with metal shanks or arch supports, metallicsurgical implants, undergarment support metal, and metalzippers. A clean tester passing through a metal detector shallnot cause a disturbance si
10、gnal greater than 10 % of thatproduced when carrying the critical test object through thedetector. The tester shall have a mass between 50 and 100 kg(110 and 220 lb) and a height between 1.50 and 1.90 m (59 and75 in.). If the detector is designed to be sensitive to body sizebecause of design or desi
11、red sensitivity, the physical size oftesters should be smaller and within a narrower range.3.1.2 critical orientationorientation of a test object whichproduces the smallest detection signal or weakest detection.3.1.3 critical sensitivity settingsensitivity setting of adetector at which the critical
12、test object in its critical orienta-tion is detected at a 90 % or greater rate at the weakest orcritical test point for the detector.3.1.4 critical test objecttest object out of a given group ofobjects which, in its worst-case or critical orientation, producesthe worst-case or critical sensitivity s
13、etting for a specificdetector. The group shall comprise one or more objects whichare to be detected under the same detector settings.3.1.5 critical test pointlocation within the passage open-ing of a detector portal which produces the weakest signalresponse (the critical sensitivity) for the critica
14、l test object at itscritical orientation.3.1.6 detectorsynonym (used in this practice for brevity)for a walk-through device for detecting weapons such asdefined in 3.1.14.3.1.7 discrimination ratioexpression of a detectors abil-ity to discriminate between a weapon and innocent personalpossessions; i
15、t is the ratio of the signal generated by a critical1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on SecuritySystems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.60 onControlled Access Security, Search, and Screening Equipment.Current edition approved May 1, 20
16、10. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F1468 04a. DOI:10.1520/F1468-04AR10.2Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http:/www.ieee.org.1Copyright ASTM
17、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.test object to the signal generated by an assortment of innocentpersonal possessions (see Section 8).3.1.8 electrical influence test probeair-core coil for creat-ing electromagnetic fields that could i
18、nfluence detector capa-bility (see 15.3).3.1.9 induced electromagnetic field test probeair-core coilfor measuring the strength of the electromagnetic fields gen-erated by a detector (see 15.2).3.1.10 outside influencesite-related situation or occur-rence of a mechanical or electrical nature which al
19、ters thenormal operation of the detector.3.1.11 test objectany metallic object used to evaluate thedetection capability of a detector. See 7.2 for specific require-ments.3.1.12 test probetesting devices as specified in 15.2-15.4,utilized in the simulation of outside influences.3.1.13 testing laborat
20、ory sitearea suitable for proper test-ing and evaluation of detectors (see Section 6).3.1.14 walk-through weapons detection device (detector)freestanding screening device, utilizing an electromagneticfield within its portal structure, for detecting metallic weaponsconcealed on persons walking throug
21、h the structure.3.1.15 weapondevice intended to do damage to personnelor equipment without intentionally harming the attacker, butrequiring the attacker to physically activate the device. Ex-amples include guns, knives, and hand grenades.4. Significance and Use4.1 The significant attributes of this
22、practice are the methodsfor determining the detection capabilities of metal detectors,the methods for determining the effects of outside influences ondetectors, and certain safety requirements for detectors.4.2 While this practice was originated for walk-throughmetal weapons detectors, it is equally
23、 applicable to detectors ofother metal objects. The innocent objects set (15.1.2) wouldrequire modification commensurate with the size of the otherobject to be tested; some tests may not be applicable and otherspecific and different tests may be necessary.4.3 This practice includes testing site requ
24、irements (Section6) to minimize data variations. These methods may be used atnonconforming sites if site-related disturbances are consideredand accounted for.4.4 This practice is not meant to constrain designs but it isapplicable only to detectors which are designed for individualwalk-through. The p
25、ortal structure shall be deemed to meet thiscriterion if it provides a minimum vertical clearance of 1.96 m(77 in.) and a minimum horizontal width clearance of 0.66 m(26 in.).4.5 This practice recognizes that the complex movements ofa test object when carried by a person walking through adetector li
26、mits the precision and repeatability of the resultantobserved signals. Averaged results from repeated tests underidentical controlled conditions are recommended to obtain abetter approximation of the underlying hypothetical true valuefor that set of conditions.4.6 Where the term “significant” is use
27、d, it refers to phe-nomena which, in accordance with accepted engineering prac-tices, exceed the normal variation of data.5. Safety Requirements5.1 Personal Health and SafetyThe health and safety ofsearchees, operators, and other persons using or coming incontact with the equipment shall have been c
28、onsidered in theequipment design. In addition to the tip-over tests in 5.4 and5.5, any hazards concerning factors in 5.2 and 5.3 shall beincluded in the evaluation report.5.2 MechanicalThe equipment shall be free of sharpcorners of protrusions that can puncture the skin or clothing orinjure persons
29、moving normally within the immediate area.Any potential tripping hazards, such as wires, cables, anti-tiltdevices, ramps, etc. shall also be noted on the report.5.3 ElectricalThe detector shall be free of potential elec-trical shock hazards during operation.5.4 Portal Tip-OverWith a stop at the base
30、 of the detectorto prevent sliding, a force shall be applied at or near the top ofthe detector in the direction of search passage until the detectorstarts to tip. The tipping moment, calculated as the heightabove the floor times the maximum force required, shall berecorded in the evaluation report.
31、If anti-tilt fixtures or acces-sories are provided or recommended by the detector manufac-turer, tests shall be conducted with and without such devicesand recorded in the report.5.5 Accessory Table or Pedestal Tip-OverTest as in 5.4except apply the force at the point and in the direction foreasiest
32、tipping. Record the resultant moment.5.6 Tip-over testing is not required if a detector must beanchored for proper operation.6. Testing Laboratory Site and General Requirements6.1 Distancing RequirementsSites in which detectors aretested and evaluated shall be free of significant extraneousinfluence
33、s.6.1.1 Walls, furniture, lighting, electrical power lines, etc. ofmetallic content or of electrically influencing nature (except forlines supplying power to the detector and interconnecting itscomponents) shall be at least 3 m (10 ft) distant.6.1.2 Overhead structures, such as ceilings or lights, s
34、hall beat least 1 m (40 in.) distant from the nearest surface of thedetector and free of electrical lines within 3 m (10 ft).6.2 Floor RequirementsThe floor shall be solid and notcapable of transferring vibration or shake to the detector of anamplitude discernible in the detector signal output when
35、aclean tester walks through. It shall be free of steel except fornails or reinforcing bars. No electrical lines shall run in orunder the floor closer than 2 m (6.5 ft) to any portion of thedetector. If the manufacturer recommends shielding, such as analuminum floor liner or elevated platform, it sha
36、ll be in placebefore testing.6.3 The working area shall include sufficient space for thedetector and instrumentation equipment, and for personnel tooperate it conveniently. The number of instrumentation standsor carts shall be minimized. They shall have low metal contentand be located so that they d
37、o not influence test results.F1468 04a (2010)26.4 Determine by appropriate engineering techniques thatthe testing site is free and remains free of all electricalinfluences which might affect the tests. This includes verifica-tion of the quality of the detector power source. Record in theevaluation r
38、eport any deviations from 6.1-6.4.6.5 The detector shall be in a totally operational condition,complete with such items as floor or wall shieldings, electron-ics pedestals, etc., in their normal operational position.6.6 Many of the following sections require quantitativemeasurements of signal magnit
39、ude. Manufacturers who do notprovide quantitative measurements of signal magnitude shallspecify alternative procedures which will provide equivalentevaluation capability.7. Procedure for Testing Detection Performance7.1 The purpose of this procedure is to establish the sensi-tivity setting which is
40、required for the detection of theworst-case test object in its worst orientation at the least-sensitive location within the portal opening. This is the criticalsensitivity for detection of the critical test object in its criticalorientation at the critical test point.7.2 For the evaluation of detect
41、ors under this practice, thetest object or objects shall be actual (not simulated) objectswhich, individually or collectively, represent the characteristicsof the weapons or other contraband objects which it is designedto detect.7.3 As an otherwise clean tester walks through a detectorcarrying a tes
42、t object, the path taken by the object can beapproximated by a straight line through a horizontally andvertically located point within the portal opening. This ignoresthe side-to-side rocking, vertical bouncing, body rotation, andvelocity surging which the walking motion exhibits. Thesesecondary mot
43、ions alter the signal generated by a test objectwhen it is carried by an otherwise clean tester, compared to thesignal from the same test object when carried by a hypotheticalmechanized straight-line carrier apparatus.7.3.1 To better simulate expected actual usage, a walk-through of a clean tester c
44、arrying a test object must be repeatedsufficient times for statistical accuracy to produce the definitivecritical sensitivity data.7.4 A mechanized carrier produces more consistent data.When such equipment is available, its use is recommended fordetermining the intrinsic sensitivity topography of a
45、detector.Normally, the critical test object, its critical orientation, and thecritical grid location point can be determined, along with anapproximate critical sensitivity.7.4.1 A walk-through is necessary to determine the actualcritical sensitivity. In the absence of a conflicting requirement,walk-
46、throughs shall be at an approximate velocity of 1 m/s (3ft/s).7.5 If a mechanized carrier is not available, the same testscan be performed by a person carrying the test object. Severalidentical passes are necessary to obtain adequate consistency.7.6 Test Object Orientation:7.6.1 The nomenclature and
47、 positions given in Fig. 1 referto the orientation of weapons (guns or other weapons) withrespect to the metal detectors.7.7 The comprehensive test for determining detector sensi-tivity requires passing all test objects in a group in allorientations through all points of a selected grid pattern with
48、inthe portal opening. This must be repeated for all combinationsof optional operating modes, multiple channels, and alternateconfigurations. The amount of testing required may be reducedby the following procedures.7.7.1 In the absence of other criteria, start sensitivity mea-surements at a grid loca
49、tion point at the horizontal centerbetween the side panels and vertically equidistant from bothtop and bottom ends of all panel coils; a vertical height fromthe floor of 0.8 to 1.0 m (30 to 40 in.) is usable.7.7.2 Begin with the vertical object orientation 3 as indi-cated in Fig. 1. Pass all objects in the test object group to beevaluated through the detector. Remove test objects whichproduce a signal twice as large as the smallest signal for thegroup.7.7.3 Test the remaining objects in the other two mutuallyorthogonal orientations (across and in-out). Remove o
