1、Designation: F1599 95 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forCollecting Performance Data on Temporary StorageDevices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1599; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers a guideline for measuring the perfor-mance parameters of full-scale temporary storage devices thatw
3、ould be used to store oil and oil-water mixtures.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibili
4、ty of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in 6.2.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for
5、 Spill ControlSystemsF631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data inControlled EnvironmentsF715 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics Used for Oil SpillControl and Storage3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Design TerminologyTerms Associated With Tempo-rary Storage Device Design:3.1.2 accessoriesopt
6、ional mechanical devices used on orin conjunction with a temporary storage device system but notincluded with the basic storage device and hose connectors,that is, lights, paravanes, buoys, anchor systems, storage bags,repair kits, etc.3.1.3 ancillary equipmentmechanical devices necessaryto the oper
7、ation of a given temporary storage device system,for example, air pumps, hydraulic power supplies, controlmanifolds, etc.3.1.4 ballastthe weight applied to the device to improveperformance.3.1.5 container bodythe continuous portion of the devicethat serves to provide structural strength and shape to
8、 thedevice to contain the stored material.3.1.6 device weightthe dry weight of a fully assembledtemporary storage device.3.1.7 draftthe maximum vertical dimension of the devicebelow the water line.3.1.8 flotationthat portion of the device that providesbuoyancy.3.1.9 freeboardthe minimum vertical hei
9、ght of the deviceabove the water line; for open devices, this is the minimumheight at which water can enter it.3.1.10 handholdany strap, handle, depression, or otherprovision for grasping the device by hand.3.1.11 lifting pointthe structural point(s) on the devicedesigned for the attachment of a lif
10、ting device, such as a crane.3.1.12 lineraccessory or ancillary equipment that pro-vides containment within the container body.3.1.13 mooring pointthe structural point(s) along thelength of the device designed for the attachment of anchor ormooring lines.3.1.14 overall heightthe maximum vertical dim
11、ension ofthe device.3.1.15 sailthe maximum vertical height of the deviceabove the water-line.3.1.16 shipping weightthe weight of the device whenpackaged for transportation.3.1.17 shipping volumethe volume of the device whenpackaged for transportation.3.1.18 stiffenera component that provides support
12、 to thedevice.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.11 on Control.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition
13、approved in 2009 as F1599 95(2009).DOI: 10.1520/F1599-95R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.C
14、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.19 temporary storage devicea collapsible device usedto store fluids temporarily.3.1.20 tension memberany component that carries tensionloads imposed on the device.3.1.21 tow pointstru
15、ctural point(s) on the device designedfor the attachment of towing lines.3.1.22 Engineering Terminology Terms Associated WithTemporary Storage Device Engineering:3.1.23 drag forcethe resisting force on a device thatresults from it being towed.3.1.24 gross buoyancythe weight of fresh water displacedb
16、y the device at the point of submergence.3.1.25 gross buoyancy to weight ratiothe gross buoyancydivided by device weight.3.1.26 heave responsethe ability of the device to react tothe vertical motion of the water surface.3.1.27 maximum capacitythe maximum volumetric ca-pacity of the device as calcula
17、ted from physical dimensions.3.1.28 maximum dynamic loadthe sum of all instanta-neous dynamic loads, including those due to acceleration, waveforces, etc.3.1.29 operational capacitythe maximum volumetric ca-pacity of the device per application.3.1.30 pitch responsethe tendency of the device to oscil
18、-late about its lateral axis.3.1.31 rated pressurethe maximum continuous operatingpressure of the device, as specified by the manufacturer.3.1.32 reserve buoyancythe gross buoyancy minus deviceweight.3.1.33 reserve buoyancy to weight ratiothe reserve buoy-ancy divided by device weight.3.1.34 roll re
19、sponsethe tendency of the device to rotateabout its longitudinal axis due to wave, wind, or current forces.3.1.35 yaw responsethe tendency of the device to oscillateabout its vertical axis.3.1.36 Classification Terminology:3.1.37 pillow tanka closed, generally rectangular or roundcoated fabric tank.
20、3.1.38 open poolan open, generally rectangular or roundcoated fabric tank, similar in structure to a “wading pool.”3.1.39 towable pillow tanksimilar to a pillow tank used onland or on deck, but generally made of heavier material andhaving special rigging for towing.3.1.40 towable flexible tanka stor
21、age device that is gen-erally long and cylindrical in shape and, when full, is largelysubmerged, characterized by flexibility along the length of thedevice.3.1.41 towable open tankan open, inflatable, barge-typevessel that resembles a large inflatable boat, characterized by aportion of the top surfa
22、ce being open to atmosphere.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide covers the collection of quantitative data inthe form of storage capacity, strength of materials, filling andoffloading rates, and towability under controlled test condi-tions. The data can be used for evaluating the design charac-ter
23、istics of a particular temporary storage device or as a meansof comparing two or more devices. Caution must be exercisedwhenever the test data are used to predict performance in actualspill situations since the uncontrolled environmental conditionsthat affect performance in the field are rarely iden
24、tical toconditions in the test facility. Other variables such as mechani-cal reliability, the presence of debris, ease of repair, requiredoperator training, operator fatigue, and transportability alsoaffect performance in an actual spill but are not included in thisguide. These variables should be c
25、onsidered along with the testdata when making comparisons or evaluations of temporarystorage devices.4.2 Although this guide provides data on the performance oftemporary storage devices, all of the combinations of actualconditions of use are not simulated in this series of tests. Inparticular, the r
26、esistance of the device to grounding, abrasionresistance of the container body, venting of the device duringloading, and other operational issues not covered by this guideshould be considered along with the test data when makingcomparisons or evaluations of temporary storage devices.5. Overall Obser
27、vations5.1 For each of the tests that follow, the total manpowerrequired to conduct the procedure and the required ancillaryequipment will be noted in the test record. In addition, the totalelapsed time for each portion of the tests will be noted.5.2 Observations of the buoyancy and stability of the
28、deployed device will be made for the marine testing of towabledevices.5.3 Any observations relative to safety will be entered aspart of the test record. These should include any hazardousconditions noted and limitations due to weather conditions, aswell as any safety precautions that were observed o
29、r should beobserved. If the manufacturers specified operating proceduresare found to be deficient relative to safety observations, thisshould be noted.5.4 The test series should be videotaped to document thetests and procedures.6. Initial (Static) Loading Tests6.1 The storage device, and any enclose
30、d ancillary equip-ment (for example, flotation collars), should be subjected to thefollowing tests using air or dyed water, as appropriate, in orderto confirm the structural integrity and evaluate (qualitatively)any leakage. The following is presented as a guideline in theabsence of manufacturer-sup
31、plied guidelines for performinginitial loading tests.6.2 Overpressure tests can be extremely dangerous, andprecautions should be taken against the possibility of suddenand complete failure of the device. The following tests useF1599 95 (2014)2large volumes of water or pressurized air, or both, that
32、couldcause injury to personnel and serious damage to property ifreleased suddenly.6.3 Closed Devices and Enclosed Ancillaries:6.3.1 Leak TestThe storage device should be inflated withair to a test pressure, calculated as follows:P 515rwhere:P = test pressure (Pa), = minimum ultimate tensile strength
33、 of material (N/m),andr = radius of largest section (m).6.3.2 Allow the storage device to stand for 30 min at the testpressure 610 %. Maintaining the test pressure within 610 %,apply a soapy water solution liberally to the seam areas, fittingjoints, valves, and all fabric areas. Record and mark airs
34、eepage.NOTE 1The inspector must determine what is an acceptable leak sincesome small air leaks may not necessarily mean that a liquid would leakthrough the same hole.Also, some air bubbles may be caused by air forcedout between the fabric layers and would not cause a liquid leak.6.3.2.1 Mark and rec
35、ord the location and extent of anysurface or seam irregularities, blisters, or cracks. Recheck theseareas carefully for leaks. The inspector must determine theacceptable level of such surface irregularities.6.3.3 The storage device may be re-tested if leaks can bestopped by tightening the fittings o
36、r by minor permanentrepairs.6.3.4 OverpressurePressurize the device to 150 % of therated pressure (defined in 4.2). Hold for 30 min, and thenreduce the pressure to a safe level and inspect for leaks.6.3.5 If the device exhibits leaks that are not structuralfailures, rework it and repeat the leak tes
37、t of 6.3.1. If the deviceexhibits leaks that are from structural failure (that is, looseseams, fabric failure, etc.), rework it as necessary and repeatthe overpressure test of 6.3.4.6.3.6 Closed devices may also be tested using the proce-dures of 6.4 to determine whether minor air bubble leakspermit
38、 water to leak through the fabric.6.4 Open Devices:6.4.1 Leak TestThe following leak test for open devicescan be performed only with the device out of water. If thedevice cannot be suspended to allow observation of its bottomwhen full, a sheet of white water sorbent cloth should be placedunder it to
39、 indicate leaks.6.4.2 Fill the device with water to its full operating level.Color the water with a water marker dye that provides a goodcolor contrast with the storage device and sorbent cloth. Allowthe device to stand for 2 h.6.4.3 Observe and mark obvious leaks. Wipe the seam andleaking areas wit
40、h a white water sorbent cloth, and determinewhether colored water has leaked through. Mark and record theleaks. No splits or blisters in the coating or seams shall beacceptable.6.4.4 The storage device may be re-tested if the leaks can bestopped by tightening the fittings or by minor permanentrepair
41、s.7. Deployment, Loading, and Towing Tests7.1 GeneralA visual examination of the device will beconducted once the temporary storage device has been madeready for deployment. The material specifications and opera-tional limitations of the hose coupling mechanisms and anyother fittings, such as towing
42、 bridle, drogue attachments, orsecuring devices, should be recorded.7.2 Towable Devices:7.2.1 A test of launching from a pier and preparation fordeployment by a towing vessel will be conducted by followingthe manufacturers instructions for break-out, deployment, andpreparation for towing. The test w
43、ill be considered concludedwhen the predesignated vessel is able to tow the device awayfrom the dock in a safe and proper configuration.7.2.2 Towing tests should be conducted under a range ofenvironmental conditions appropriate to the devices intendeduse. (Classification criteria for calm, protected
44、, and open waterare given in Practice F625.) Any differences during the testshould be noted as conditions change. The test will beconducted by following the manufacturers instructions or, inthe absence thereof, by the opinion of the vessel operator forthe most suitable course for the launching, fill
45、ing, towing, andrecovery operation. The test will be considered concludedwhen the response vessel has completed all towing tests andrecovered and stowed the device in a safe and proper configu-ration.7.2.3 While towing the device, the required towing forcewill be measured as a function of increasing
46、 tow speed.Dynamic loads should be measured using a recently calibratedload cell. During the towing tests, manufacturer-specifiedmaximum design loads must be respected with due regard tomaximum dynamic load.7.2.4 Observations should be noted in the test record con-cerning the device behavior as the
47、towing speed and waveapproach angle are varied. Observations of stability shouldinclude vertical stability, twisting, diving, snaking, and yawing.Any distortion of the device or other problem causinginstability, loss of recovered product, or unacceptable list, trim,or bow submergence should be noted
48、. The draft and freeboardof the device should be noted in the test record for each of theloading conditions tested.7.2.5 During the progress of the test, careful monitoringmust take place to detect the following: wave-induced motionsand inertial or free-surface effects, particularly as they mayaffec
49、t control and maneuverability; pitch, roll, heave, and bowsubmergence; leaks from vents, gages, loading hoses, and thecontainer body; and breakaway or damage to external flotationor buoyancy devices.7.2.6 If any of the previously listed or other problemsdevelop during the test, they should be described fully in thetest report, including notation of the following data: time,volume and nature of fluid in the device, direction of impact ofthe waves, speed at which the device was under tow, and anytowing vessel action that may have infl
