1、Designation: F 1668 08An American National StandardStandard Guide forConstruction Procedures for Buried Plastic Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1668; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This guide describes installation techniques and consid-erations for open-cut construction of buried pipe.Alth
3、ough thisguide was developed for plastic pipe, the concepts of providingthe appropriate soil support, care in handling, correct joiningtechniques, proper soil compaction methods, and prevention ofinstallation damage may apply to any pipe.1.1.1 Plastic pipe refers to thermoplastic and fiberglass pipe
4、.1.1.2 Thermoplastic pipe refers to pipe fabricated frompolyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene (ABS), polybutylene (PB), or polypropylene(PP). A list of ASTM specifications for these products is givenin Appendix X2.1.1.3 Fiberglass pipe refers to a glass-fiber-r
5、einforcedthermosetting-resin pipe. A list of ASTM specifications forthese products is given in Appendix X2.NOTE 1Appendix X2 cannot be considered inclusive because theremay be unlisted, recently adopted ASTM specifications for new productsthat may be installed using this guide.NOTE 2Only a few of th
6、eASTM specifications listed inAppendix X2include the associated fittings. While this guide applies to the installationof pipe, couplings, and fittings, no attempt was made to list all the possiblefitting specifications that may be used in conjunction with the pipespecifications. Consult each specifi
7、cation or manufacturer for appropriatefitting standards.1.1.4 For simplification, the term pipe will be used in thisdocument to mean pipe sections, fittings, and couplings.1.2 This guide contains general construction informationapplicable for plastic pipe and supplements the installationstandards fo
8、r the various types of pipe as described in PracticesD 2321, D 2774, D 3839, F 690, F 1176, and Guide F 645.1.3 Flexible pipe, such as thermoplastic and fiberglass, aretypically designed to rely on the stiffness of the soil surround-ing the pipe for support. The contract documents shoulddescribe the
9、 requirements of an appropriate soil supportsystem. The construction practices described in this guide canbe instrumental in attaining the required soil stiffness.1.3.1 A discussion of the interaction between a buried pipeand the surrounding soil and the importance of attaining propersoil support is
10、 in Appendix X1.1.3.2 Following these guidelines will be helpful in prevent-ing local deformations in the pipe.1.4 This guide does not cover underwater installation, pipethat needs to be supported on piling, perforated pipe used fordrainage, or gas pipelines.1.5 Pipelines through areas described as
11、“expansive soils,”“collapsing soils,” landfills or water-logged land (such asswamps) should be constructed using site-specific installationprocedures and are not discussed in this guide.1.6 This guide is not intended to cover all situations.Specific pipe characteristics, fluid transported, local sit
12、e con-ditions, environmental concerns, or manufacturers recommen-dations may require different guidelines.1.7 The construction practices presented in this guide maybe affected by the installation requirements of owners, speci-fying organizations, or regulatory agencies for pipelines cross-ing roads
13、and highways, other pipelines or cables, or water-ways such as streams, drainage channels, or floodways.1.8 Culverts or pipe that are used as passages through waterretaining embankments (for example, earth dams) may beconstructed using the principles of this guide, if appropriateprovisions are made
14、to prevent water movement along theoutside of the pipe (using impervious soils, cutoff collars, headwalls, etc.).1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are given forinformation only.NOTE 3There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard
15、 covering theprimary subject matter of this guide.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of
16、regulatory limitations prior to use.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic PipingSystems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.61 on Water.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition ap
17、proved in 2002 as F 1668 96(2002).1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for R
18、oads and Pave-mentsD 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 4914 Test Methods for Density and Unit Weight of Soiland Rock in Place by the Sand Replacement Method in aTest PitD 5030
19、 Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock in Placeby the Water Replacement Method in a Test PitF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 Pipe Installation:D 2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermo-plastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applica-tionsD 2774 Practice
20、for Underground Installation of Thermo-plastic Pressure PipingD 3839 Guide for Underground Installation of “Fiberglass”(Glass-FiberReinforced Thermosetting-Resin) PipeF 645 Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Ther-moplastic Water- Pressure Piping SystemsF 690 Practice for Underground In
21、stallation of Thermoplas-tic Pressure Piping Irrigation SystemsF 1176 Practice for Design and Installation of UndergroundThermoplastic Irrigation Systems With Maximum WorkingPressure of 125 psi2.3 Soil Testing:D 698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effor
22、t (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D 1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by Sand-Cone MethodD 1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Charac-teristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)D 2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPla
23、ce by the Rubber Balloon MethodD 2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Wa-ter (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD 2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Vis
24、ual-Manual Procedure)D 2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)3D 3017 Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock inPlace by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)D 4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils Using a Vi
25、bratory TableD 4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and UnitWeight of Soils and Calculation of Relative DensityD 4564 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by the Sleeve MethodD 4653 Test Method for Total Chlorides in LeatherD 4944 Test Method for Field Determination of Wate
26、r(Moisture) Content of Soil by the Calcium Carbide GasPressure TesterD 4959 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)Content of Soil By Direct HeatingD 5080 Test Method for Rapid Determination of PercentCompaction2.4 Joining Practices:D 2657 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyolefin Pip
27、eand FittingsD 2855 Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints withPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and FittingsF 402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipeand FittingsF 477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) forJoining Plas
28、tic PipeF 913 Specification for Thermoplastic Elastomeric Seals(Gaskets) for Joining Plastic PipeF 2620 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of PolyethylenePipe and Fittings2.5 Other ASTM Standards:C 94/C 94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteD 2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingC
29、haracteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingF 1417 Test Method for Installation Acceptance of PlasticGravity Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure Air2.6 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Standards:C 600 Test Method of Thermal Shock Test on Glass PipeC 651 Test Method for Flexural Strengt
30、h of ManufacturedCarbon and Graphite Articles Using Four-Point Loading atRoom TemperatureF 2164 Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE)Pressure Piping Systems Using Hydrostatic Pressure2.7 American Association of State Highway and Transpor-tation Offcials (AASHTO) Standard:Standard Spec
31、ification for Highway Bridges42.8 Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association Standard:UNI-B-13 Recommended Performance Specification forJoint Restraint Devices for Use with Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC) Pipe52For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servic
32、eastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.tra
33、nsportation.org.5Available from the Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Assoc., 2655 Villa Creek Dr., Suite 155,Dallas, TX 75234.F 1668 0823. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nologies D 8, D 653, D 883, D 1600, and F 412 unless other-wise indicated. Abbreviations are in accordance wi
34、th Termi-nology D 1600, unless otherwise indicated.3.1.1 The definitions and descriptions of soil are in accor-dance with the Unified Soil Classification System as presentedin Classification D 2487. Soils may be identified and describedin the field using the procedures stated in Practice D 2488.NOTE
35、 4The terms describing an installation cross-section are illus-trated in Fig. 1. Other terms related to parts of the pipe are illustrated inFig. 2.NOTE 5These terms may be different from the ones used in PracticesD 2321, D 2774, D 3839, F 690, or F 1176. The terms in this guide areused to describe t
36、he construction sequence and are not meant to replace orconflict with other standards.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 backfillmaterial placed over the embedment up tothe ground surface.3.2.2 beddingmaterial placed in the bottom of the trenchon top of the foundation soil to p
37、rovide uniform support for thepipe.3.2.3 embedmentmaterial placed around the pipe thatprovides side support.3.2.4 foundation soilmaterial in the bottom of the trenchthat is (1) undisturbed and remains in place; (2) removed andreplaced by another material, (3) displaced by another material;or (4) rem
38、oved and then recompacted into place.3.2.5 haunch areathe area of the embedment under thepipe from the bottom of the pipe up to the springline, asillustrated in Fig. 1.3.2.6 in situ materialthe in-place soil or rock that a trenchis excavated through that is either (1) naturally formed ordeposited; o
39、r (2) manmade.3.2.7 manufactured aggregatesaggregates that are prod-ucts or byproducts of a manufacturing process (such as slag),or natural aggregates that are reduced to their final form by amanufacturing process such as crushing.3.2.8 springlinea line along the length of the pipe at itsmaximum wid
40、th along a horizontal plane. (F 412)4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide may be used as a reference of acceptableopen-cut construction practices for the proper installation ofburied fiberglass and thermoplastic pipe. This guide may beused as follows:4.1.1 Installation contractors have an awareness
41、of the levelof workmanship required and use this information for biddingpurposes and during construction.4.1.2 Construction inspectors have a reference of acceptableinstallation practices.4.1.3 Specification writers may use this guide as a referencein contract documents.4.1.4 Designers may review th
42、is information during plan-ning and design for factors to consider in the preparation ofplans and specifications.4.1.5 The owner of the pipeline may use this guide as areference for restoration of proper pipe support and embedmentwhen original construction is disturbed due to repairs, modifi-cations
43、, or construction of adjacent or crossing pipelines orcables.4.2 This guide should not be used to replace project speci-fication requirements, manufacturers recommendations,plumbing codes, building codes, or ASTM installation stan-dards, but may be used to supplement that information.5. Inspection,
44、Handling, and Storage5.1 Load InspectionThe pipe should be packaged orloaded as recommended by the supplier. The receiver of thepipe should be aware of (1) the loading and packagingrequirements for each mode of transportation used; (2) thecontinuance of proper handling in any multiple loading andunl
45、oading before arrival; and (3) any transportation incident(wreck). Before unloading, the receiver should examine theload for transportation damage, particularly if the load hasshifted, packaging is broken, or if there are signs of roughtreatment. Damage may also have been caused from overtight-ening
46、 tie-down straps or from the tie-down straps not beinglocated at the same point along the pipe barrel where the pipesupports are located. The pipe should be examined for abrasionNOTE 1This drawing is illustrative only. Trench dimensions and slopevary with depth and soil conditions.FIG. 1 Trench Cros
47、s Section TerminologyFIG. 2 Pipe TerminologyF 1668 083due to (1) bells, couplings, or other joint surfaces being incontact with each other or any hard object or surface; and (2)unpadded metal tie-down straps.5.2 Pipe InspectionEach load of pipe should be inspectedand inventoried for conformance to p
48、roduct specifications andcontract documents. Pipe markings vary according to ASTMspecification, the type of pipe, and the manufacturer. Ingeneral, these markings include: ASTM specification, pipeclass or pressure designation, cell classification, pipe diameter,date of manufacture, name or trademark
49、of the manufacturer,and plant identification. In some circumstances, the plantinspectors approval mark may also be required. Pipe intendedfor the conveyance of potable water is evaluated, tested, andcertified for use by an acceptable certifying organization whenrequired by the regulatory authority having jurisdiction. Theseal or mark of the laboratory making the evaluation should beon the pipe. Observe the unloading, uncrating, storage anddistribution of the pipe, as applicable, and inspect each pipesection for damage, such as cuts, cracks, or gouges. Depths
