1、Designation: F 1684 06Standard Specification forIron-Nickel and Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Low ThermalExpansion Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers two iron-nickel alloys and oneiron-nickel-cobalt alloy, for low thermal ex
3、pansion applica-tions. The two iron-nickel alloys, both containing nominally36 % nickel and 64 % iron, with the conventional alloydesignated by UNS No. K93603, and the free-machining alloydesignated as UNS No. K93050. The iron-nickel-cobalt alloy,containing nominally 32 % nickel, 5 % cobalt and 63 %
4、 iron, isdesignated by UNS No. K93500. This specification defines thefollowing product forms for UNS No. K93603 and UNS No.K93500: wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet plate, and tubing. Thefree-machining alloy, UNS No. K93050, is defined for barproducts only. Unless otherwise indicated, all articles apply
5、toall three alloys.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. SI values, shown in parentheses, are forinformation only.1.3 This pertains only to the test method section, Section 13.This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associat
6、ed with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1971 Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for De-terminatio
7、n of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption,Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma EmissionSpectroscopy, or Plasma Mass SpectrometryE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSu
8、perficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Contentof SteelE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-rialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average
9、 Grain SizeE 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals RelationshipAmong Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, RockwellHardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, andScleroscope HardnessE 228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials With a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer3E 354 Test M
10、ethods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt AlloysE 1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel and in Iron, Nickel, andCobalt AlloysE 1601 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study t
11、oEvaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Alloy, as indicated with UNS number,3.1.2 Size,3.1.3 Temper designation (Section 6),3.1.4 Surface finish (Section 10),3.1.5 Marking an
12、d packaging (Section 18), and3.1.6 Certification, if required.NOTE 1Certification should include traceability of the heat to theoriginal manufacturer.4. Chemical Requirements4.1 Each alloy shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1.NOTE 2Lower levels of phospho
13、rus and sulfur may be required forcertain welding applications. These lower levels shall be negotiated, as1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 onElectronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on MetallicMaterials.Current edition approved June 1, 20
14、06. Published July 2006. Originally approvedin 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F 1684 99(2005)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.needed, between the vendor and user. Welding of the free-machining alloy(UNS No. K93050) is generally not recommended.5. S
16、urface Lubricants5.1 All lubricants used during cold-working operations,such as drawing, rolling, or spinning, shall be capable of beingremoved readily by any of the common organic degreasingsolvents.6. Temper6.1 The desired temper of the material shall be specified inthe purchase order.6.2 Tube(UNS
17、 No. K93603 and No. K93500 only) Unlessotherwise agreed upon between the supplier or manufacturerand the purchaser, these forms shall be given either a finalbright anneal or anneal and descale by the manufacturer, andsupplied in the annealed temper.6.3 Strip and Sheet (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500o
18、nly) These forms shall be supplied in one of the tempers givenin Table 2 or in deep-drawing temper, as specified.6.4 Wire and Rod These forms shall be supplied in one ofthe tempers given in Table 3 as specified. Unless otherwisespecified, the material shall be bright annealed and supplied inTemper A
19、 (annealed).6.5 Rod(UNS K93050 only) For Temper D (unannealed)material, in rod sizes greater than12 in. diameter, the mid-radius Brinell Hardness shall be 235 maximum. Consult TestMethod E10for Brinell Hardness test procedures.6.6 PlatePlate will be supplied in annealed temper. Theproperties for UNS
20、 K93603 and UNS K93500 will be as shownin Table 4.6.7 For rod forms, air anneal, followed by centerless grind-ing to remove scale, is an acceptable alternate.7. Grain Size7.1 (UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 only) Strip andsheet for deep drawing shall have an average grain size notlarger than ASTM No.
21、 5 (Note 3), and no more than 10 % ofthe grains shall be larger than No. 5 when measured inaccordance with Test Methods E112.NOTE 3This corresponds to a grain size of 0.065 mm, or 16 grains/in.2 of image at 1003.7.2 Finer grain sizes for deep drawing quality shall benegotiated between user and suppl
22、ier.8. Hardness8.1 Deep-Drawing Temper(UNS No. K93603 and No.K93500 only) For deep drawing, the hardness shall not exceed157 Vickers Hardness for material 0.100 in. (2.54 mm) and lessin thickness and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in. inthickness. The Vickers Hardness test shall be determined inacco
23、rdance with Test Method E92, while the Rockwell Hard-ness test shall be determined in accordance with Test MethodsE18.NOTE 4For hardness conversions, use Table 3 of Standard E 140.8.2 Rolled and Annealed TempersHardness tests whenproperly applied can be indicative of tensile strength. Hardnessscales
24、 and ranges for these tempers, if desirable, shall benegotiated between supplier and purchaser.9. Tensile Strength9.1 Strip and Sheet:(UNS No. K93603 and No. K93500 only)TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsNOTE 1Round observed or calculated values to the nearest unit in thelast right-hand place of figures
25、used in expressing the limiting value, inaccordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.ElementUNS No.K93603UNS No.K93050UNS No.K93500Iron, nominal remainderAremainderAremainderANickel, nominal 36A36A32ACobalt, max 0.50 0.50 5AManganese, max 0.60 1.00 0.60Silicon, max 0.40 0.35 0.25Carbon,
26、max 0.05 0.15 0.05Aluminum, max 0.10B.C0.10BMagnesium, max 0.10B.C0.10BZirconium, max 0.10B.C0.10BTitanium, max 0.10B.C0.10BChromium, max 0.25 0.25 0.25Selenium . 0.15 to 0.30 .Phosphorus, max 0.015D0.020 0.015DSulfur, max 0.015D0.020 0.015DAFor UNS No. K93603 and K93050, the iron, and nickel requir
27、ements arenominal, while for UNS No. K93500, the iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements arenominal. These levels may be adjusted by the manufacturer to meet the require-ments for the coefficient of thermal expansion as specified in 12.1.BThe total of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium shall
28、 not exceed0.20 %.CThese elements are not measured for this alloy.DThe total of phosphorus and sulfur shall not exceed 0.025 %.TABLE 2 Tensile Strength Requirements for Strip and SheetTemperDesignationTemperNameTensile Strength ksi (MPa)UNS No. K93603 UNS No. K93500(Nominal Values)A anealed 85 max (
29、586 max) 85 max (586 max)B12 hard 86 min (593) 86 min (593)C hard 105 min (724) 105 min (724)TABLE 3 Tensile Strength Requirements for Wire and RodNOTE 1The tensile strength limits for Temper D apply only tomaterial12 in. diameter and under. Consult 6.5 for hardness limits whichapply to larger rod s
30、izes.Temper Des-ignationTemperNameTensile Strength ksi (MPa)UNS No.K93603UNS No.K93050UNS No.K93500A Annealed 85 max(586 max)85 max(586 max)85 max(586 max)B Cold worked 86 min(593 min)86 min(593 min)86 min(593 min)D Unannealed . . . 111 max(765 max).TABLE 4 Room Temperature Tensile Strength Requirem
31、ents forPlate (UNS K93603 and K93500) Products0.2 % Yield Strength 33.33 ksi (230 MPa) min 50.7 ksi (350 MPa) maxTensile Strength 58 ksi (400 MPa) min 72.5 ksi (500 MPa) maxHardness Rockwell B 60 min 85 maxF 1684 0629.1.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance orrejection for the tempers
32、 given in Table 2 and shall conformwith the requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechani-cal properties (for example, ductility) and limits are negotiatedbetween user and supplier.9.1.2 Tension test specimens shall be taken so the longitu-dinal axis is parallel to the direction of rolling, an
33、d the test shallbe performed in accordance with Test Methods E8.9.2 Wire and Rod:9.2.1 Tensile strength shall be the basis for acceptance orrejection for the tempers given in Table 3 and shall conform tothe requirements prescribed, unless alternative mechanicalproperties (for example, ductility) and
34、 limits are negotiatedbetween user and supplier.9.2.2 The test shall be performed in accordance with TestMethods E8.10. Surface Finish10.1 The standard surface finishes available shall be thoseresulting from the following operations:10.1.1 Hot rolling,10.1.2 Forging,10.1.3 Centerless grinding (rod),
35、10.1.4 Belt polishing,10.1.5 Cold rolling,10.1.6 Wire and rod drawing,10.1.7 Annealed and descaled, and10.1.8 Bright annealed.11. Inclusion Content11.1 Wire, Rod, Bar, Strip and Sheet Plate(UNS No.K93603 and No. K93500 only) These product forms shall befree of inclusions, cracks, blow holes, and oth
36、er defects that aredetrimental to the quality of subsequent product.11.2 Inclusion ratings for certain applications (for example,deep drawing) shall be negotiated between user and supplier.Rating criteria shall be based on Test Methods E45.12. Thermal Expansion Characteristics12.1 The average linear
37、 coefficients of thermal expansionshall be within the limits specified in Table 5. For UNS No.K93050, the supplier is requested to supply data over thetemperature range 30 to 150C. Nonmandatory thermal expan-sion data are found in the Appendix X1-Appendix X3.12.2 Typical thermal expansion data, ther
38、mal expansiondata for annealed material to higher temperatures, and for thethree-step anneal used for UNS K93600, are contained inAppendix X1-Appendix X3.13. Test for Thermal Expansion13.1 UNS No. K93603 Heat the specimen in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat8756 25C.Cool at a rate not
39、to exceed 300C/h.13.2 UNS No. K93050 Heat the specimen in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of 15 min at 815 6 25C.Air cool.13.3 UNS No. K93500(1) Heat the specimen in anon-oxidizing atmosphere for a minimum of1hat845625C. Water quench. ( 2) Heat the specimen for a minimum of1hat3156 15C. Air
40、 cool. (3) Heat the specimen for aminimum of 24 h at 95 6 10C. Air cool.NOTE 5(Applies to 13.1-13.3): Alternative thermal treatments andresulting values of thermal coefficient of expansion may be negotiatedbetween the supplier and purchaser.13.4 Determine the thermal expansion characteristics inacco
41、rdance with Test Method E 228.14. Transformation in UNS No. K93500 Alloy14.1 Because its nominal 5 wt % addition of cobalt, UNSNo. K93500Alloy is metastable at temperatures less than roomtemperature. If needed, specific minimum transformation tem-peratures may be negotiated between purchaser and sup
42、plier.15. Chemical Analysis15.1 This section describes the chemical analysis techniquesto be used in case of dispute. Wherever applicable, the analysisprocedures described in Practices D 1971, Test Methods E 354,E 1019, and Practice E 1601 should be utilized.15.2 Carbon, Sulfur Combustion method.15.
43、3 Aluminum, Chromium, MagnesiumAtomic absorp-tion method.15.4 All Other Elements Shown in Table 1 (Excluding Iron,Nickel, and Cobalt)Atomic absorption, optical emission orinductively coupled plasma (ICP or ICAP) methods.NOTE 6The iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements are nominal (seeTable 1).16. Dim
44、ensions and Permissible Variations16.1 Cold-Rolled Strip(UNS No. K93603 and No.K93500 only) Cold-rolled strip shall conform to the permis-sible variations in dimensions prescribed in Table 6, Table 7,and Table 8.16.2 Round Wire and RodWire and rod shall conform tothe permissible variations in dimens
45、ions prescribed in Table 9.16.3 Cold-Drawn Tubing(UNS No. K93603 and No.K93500 only) Cold-drawn tubing, available either as seamlessor welded, shall conform to the permissible variations pre-scribed in Table 10.16.4 PlatePlate shall conform to the permissible varia-tions in dimensions as shown in Ta
46、ble 11, Table 12 and Table13.17. General Requirements17.1 The material supplied under this specification shall becommercially smooth, uniform in cross section, in composi-tion, and in temper, it shall be free of scale, corrosion, cracks,seams, scratches, slivers, and other defects as best commercial
47、practice will permit.TABLE 5 Coefficients of Thermal ExpansionTemperature Range, CAverage Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion,m/mCUNS No.K93603UNS No.K93050UNS No.K9350030 to 150 1.2 to 2.7 . .18 to 93 . . 0.9 maxF 1684 06318. Packaging and Package Marking18.1 Packaging shall be subject to agree
48、ment between thepurchaser and the seller.18.2 The material as furnished under this specification shallbe identified by the name or symbol of the manufacturer and byheat number. The lot size for determining compliance with therequirements of this specification shall be one heat.19. Investigation of C
49、laims19.1 Where any material fails to meet the requirements ofthis specification, the material so designated shall be handled inaccordance with a mutual agreement between the purchaserand the seller.20. Keywords20.1 iron-nickel alloys; iron-nickel-cobalt alloys; low ex-pansion alloys; precision instruments; UNS No. K93050; UNSNo. K93500; UNS No. K93603TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Thickness of Cold-Rolled StripSpecified Thickness, in. (mm) Permissible Variations in Thickness for Width Given, 6 in. (mm)Under 3 (76) Over 3 to 6 (76 t
