1、Designation: F 1891 06Standard Specification forArc and Flame Resistant Rainwear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes applicable test methods,minimum physical and thermal performance criteria, a sug-gested sizing guide, and suggested
3、purchasing information forrainwear for use by workers who may be exposed to thermalhazards of momentary electric arcs and open flames.1.1.1 This specification does not apply to the electricalcontact hazards or electric shock hazards involved with electricarcs.1.1.2 This specification does not apply
4、to flash fire hazardssuch as industrial hydrocarbon flash fires or other petrochemi-cal flash fire hazards.1.2 The objective of this specification is to prescribe fit,function and performance criteria for rainwear that meets aminimum level of thermal and physical performance whenexposed to a laborat
5、orysimulated electric arc or flame expo-sure.1.3 This specification is not intended to serve as a detailedmanufacturing or purchasing specification, but can be refer-enced in purchase contracts to ensure that minimum perfor-mance requirements are met.1.4 Controlled laboratory tests used to determine
6、 compli-ance with the performance requirements of this specificationshall not be deemed as establishing performance levels for allsituations to which wearers of this protective clothing may beexposed.1.5 The in-service care and use of this rainwear is beyondthe scope of this specification.1.6 The va
7、lues stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units shown in parentheses are forinformation only.1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only toSections 7 and 9, of this specification: This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, a
8、ssociatedwith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 751 Test Methods fo
9、r Coated FabricsD 1117 Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven FabricsD 1388 Test Method for Stiffness of FabricsD 3393 Specification for Coated FabricsWaterproofnessD 3776 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabricD 4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior ofTextilesD 6413 Test Method for
10、Flame Resistance of Textiles (Ver-tical Test)F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective ClothingF 1958/F 1958M Test Method for Determining the Ignit-ability of Non-flame-Resistant Materials for Clothing byElectric Arc Exposure Method Using MannequinsF 1959/F 1959M Test Method for Determining the ArcR
11、ating of Materials for Clothing2.2 Federal Specifications:3Federal Test Method Standard (FTMS) No. 191A Method5516Federal Test Method Standard (FTMS) No. CCC-T-191bMethod 52042.3 AATCC Standards:AATCC Test Method 135 Dimensional Changes AutomaticHome Laundering of Woven and Knitted Fabrics43. Termin
12、ology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 afterflame, npersistent flaming of a material afterthe ignition source has been removed.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn arc testing, a visible flaming on ornear a test specimen which persists after the arc exposure hasended. The afterflame ceases when flaming is no longer visible.1Th
13、is specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.65 on Wearing Apparel.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition a
14、pproved in 2002 as F 189102be1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardizatio
15、n Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4AATCC Technical Manual, available from American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists, One Davis Dr., PO Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC277092215.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Bar
16、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.2 afterflame time, nthe length of time for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition source has beenremoved.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn arc testing, the length of time forwhich a specimen continues to exhibit a vis
17、ible flaming asdetermined by a time display video recording of the specimenduring arc testing.3.1.3 arc rating, nvalue attributed to materials that de-scribes their performances to an exposure to an electric arcdischarge.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe arc rating is expressed in cal/cm2and is derived from the
18、 determined value of ATPV or EBT(should a material system exhibit a breakopen response belowthe ATPV value).3.1.4 arc resistant, adjthe property of a material orclothing system that provides thermal protection from an arcexposure.3.1.5 arc thermal performance value (ATPV), nin arctesting, the incide
19、nt energy on a material or multilayer systemof materials that results in a 50 % probability that sufficientheat transfer through the tested specimen is predicted to causethe onset of a second-degree skin burn injury based on the Stollcurve, cal/cm2(j/cm2).3.1.6 breakopen, nin testing thermal protect
20、ive materials,a material response evidenced by the formation of one or moreholes in the material which may allow thermal energy to passthrough the material.3.1.6.1 DiscussionThe specimen shall be considered toexhibit breakopen when any hole is at least 3.2 cm2(0.5 in.2)inarea or at least 2.5 cm (1.0
21、 in.) in any dimension. Single threadsacross the opening or hole do not reduce the size of the hole forthe purposes of this practice. In multiple layer specimens offlame resistant materials all the layers must breakopen to meetthe definition. In multiple layer specimens, if any of thespecimen layers
22、 are ignitable, these hole dimension criteria forbreakopen are applied to the FR layer covering ignitable layerthat is closest to the heat exposure surface.3.1.7 breakopen threshold energy(EBT), nthe incident en-ergy on a material or system of materials that results in a 50 %probability of breakopen
23、.3.1.7.1 DiscussionBoth EBTand ATPV are determinedand reported for the purposes of this specification.3.1.8 char length, nin measuring flame resistance oftextiles, the distance from the fabric edge which was directlyexposed to the flame to the furthest point of visible fabricdamage after a specified
24、 tearing force has been applied.3.1.9 charring, nthe formation of carbonaceous residue asthe result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.10 design test, nfor arc and flame resistant rainwear,one made on a sample treated as representative of an industrialproduct; these tests will not generally b
25、e repeated in quantityproduction.3.1.10.1 DiscussionPerform the design test only when anew or modified rainwear material, substrate, coating oradhesive is used to manufacture rainwear.Achange in rainwearmaterial could be, but is not limited to, any of the following:The composition, weight or supplie
26、r of the substrate, or both,coating, laminate, or adhesive.3.1.11 dripping, nin testing thermal protective fabrics,coated fabrics or laminates, a material response evidenced byflowing of the fiber polymer, the fabric, or the fabric coating,and the evidence of droplets from the material.3.1.12 electr
27、ic arc ignition, nas related to electric arcexposure, a response that causes the ignition of textile materialwhich is accompanied by heat and light, and then subsequentburning for at least 5 s, or consumption of at least 25 % of thetest specimen area.3.1.13 embrittlement, nthe formation of a brittle
28、 residueas the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.14 flame resistance, nthe property of a materialwhereby flaming combustion is prevented, terminated, orinhibited following application of a flaming or nonflamingsource of ignition, with or without subsequent removal of theignition sourc
29、e.3.1.15 heat attenuation factor (HAF), nin electric arctesting, the percent of the incident energy which is blocked bya material at an incident energy level equal to ATPV.3.1.16 human tissue heat tolerance, nin testing of thermalprotective materials, the amount of thermal energy transferredto human
30、 tissue, which is predicted to cause a second degreeburn; the Stoll curve.3.1.17 incident energy (Ei), nin electric arc testing, thetotal heat energy received at a surface as a direct result of anelectric arc.3.1.17.1 DiscussionIn an arc test, incident energy for aspecimen is determined from the ave
31、rage temperature riseresponse of the two monitor sensors adjacent to the testspecimen.3.1.18 melting, nthe liquefaction of material under theinfluence of heat.3.1.19 shrinkage, na decrease in one or more dimensionsof an object or material.3.1.19.1 DiscussionShrinkage shall be determined as fol-lows:
32、 before mounting the material specimen for arc exposure,measure the specimen width in inches (cm) at the mid pointalong the long dimension of the specimen. After arc exposure,measure the specimen width in inches (cm) at the point ofgreatest specimen shrinkage. The “shrinkage” in inches (cm) ofthe sp
33、ecimen is determined by subtracting the specimen widthafter arc exposure from the specimen width before arc expo-sure. The percent shrinkage is determined by dividing the“shrinkage” by the “specimen width” (before arc exposure) andmultiplying by 100.3.1.20 stoll curve, ncurve used to predict the ons
34、et ofsecond degree burn injury.3.1.20.1 DiscussionThe values which make up the Stollcurve are listed in Table X5.1.3.1.21 thermal exposure, nthe intensity of heat energy towhich a fabric is exposed.3.1.21.1 DiscussionAs related to electric arc testing, thelevel of incident energy, in calories per ce
35、ntimetre squared(cal/cm2), that is transferred to the material surface as deter-mined by measuring the rise in temperature on monitor coppercalorimeters, positioned adjacent to the material.F18910623.1.22 thermal protection, nof a material, the propertythat characterizes overall performance relative
36、 to reducing thetransfer of heat that is sufficient to cause a second-degree burn.3.1.22.1 DiscussionThermal protection of a material andthe predicted second-degree burn injury can be quantified bythe measured sensor response and the observed breakopenmaterial response which indicate how well the ma
37、terial blocksheat from the sensor surface and how well the material resistsbreakopen.3.1.23 thermal resistance, nthe reciprocal of thermaltransmittance.3.1.24 thermal material response, nin the testing of ther-mal protective materials, the effects that are observed concur-rent and subsequent to ther
38、mal exposure, which can includephenomena such as breakopen, charring, embrittlement, melt-ing, shrinkage, etc.3.1.24.1 DiscussionIn electric arc testing, the thermalmaterial response can be a result of intense radiant energy,convective energy, molten metal splatter from electrodes orshock wave from
39、rapidly expanding heated, ionized air, or anycombination of these.3.1.25 thermal transmittance, ntime rate of unidirectionalheat transfer per unit area, in the steady-state, between parallelplanes separated by unit difference of temperature of theplanes.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms use
40、d in thisspecification refer to Terminology D 123, D 4391 and F 1494.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification covers the minimum performancecriteria for arc resistance, flame resistance and other require-ments for rainwear used by workers who may be exposed tothermal hazards of momentary electr
41、ic arcs or flame.4.1.1 Material response characteristics, resulting from thearc exposure shall be reported as a part of the thermalperformance characteristics (see 9.3.4).4.2 This specification establishes minimum performancecriteria for rainwear material and rainwear seams that willprovide workers
42、with protection from rain under conditions ofpossible exposure to the thermal hazards of momentary electricarcs and open flames.4.3 Rainwear material that meets the thermal and physicalperformance criteria of this specification has been subjected toan electric arc exposure test, Test Method F 1959/F
43、 1959M.NOTE 1When rainwear is worn over conventional clothing or flameresistant garments, the rainwear material in combination with fabric(s)worn under the rainwear may also be subjected to the electric arc exposuretest, Provisional Test Methods PS 57 or F 1959/F 1959M and the resultsreported.4.4 Th
44、e purchaser has the option to perform or haveperformed any of these tests in order to verify the performanceof the rainwear. Claims for failure to meet the specification aresubject to verification by the manufacturer.4.5 This specification for rainwear shall not be construed asa requirement for the
45、use of any particular rainwear material.5. Ordering Information5.1 The following items should be considered by the pur-chaser when buying rainwear under this specification andincluded, as necessary, in purchasing documents:5.1.1 Type of material,5.1.2 Fabric weight (oz/yd2),5.1.3 Type and material o
46、f fasteners (buttons, snaps, zippersor hook and loop fasteners),5.1.4 Reflective material sections (optional),5.1.5 Style and design or catalog number,5.1.6 Hood design (attached or detachable),5.1.7 Sizes,5.1.8 Color,5.1.9 Special identification markings (optional),5.1.10 Jacket length, and5.1.11 N
47、otation of conformance to this specification.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The rainwear shall be manufactured of materials andconstructed using seams that meet the requirements for leakresistance.6.2 Positive closures, such as buttons or snaps, should beconstructed so that they are covered by the
48、rainwear outer layermaterial. This will result in the garment having a multiple layerconstruction in the area of the closure. This will also preventthe positive closure from being directly exposed to the hazard.NOTE 2In limited testing, some uncovered closures may melt andfuse. Constructing the clos
49、ures so that they are covered as described aboveeliminates the melting and fusing observed with uncovered closures.7. Physical Requirements7.1 Rainwear material shall meet the physical requirementsof this specification initially as manufactured and shall meetthis specification after five cleanings, when cleaned as directedby the care instructions from the manufacturer.7.1.1 If no cleaning instructions are provided by the manu-facturer, the garments shall be laundered five times in accor-dance with AATCC Method 135 (3, IV A iii).7.1.2 The averag
