1、Designation: F 2251 03 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forThickness Measurement of Flexible Packaging Material1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2251; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of thickness offlexible packaging materials using contact micrometers.1
3、.2 The Precision and Bias statement for this test methodwas developed using both handheld and bench top micrometerswith foot sizes ranging from 4.8 to 15.9 mm (316 to58 in.).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 T
4、his standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Docume
5、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingD 5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of SolidPlastics SpecimensE 691 Practic
6、e for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ANSI/ASQ Standards:4ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by AttributesANSI/ASQC Z1.9 Sampling Procedures and Tables forInspection by Variables3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bench micro
7、metertabletop measurement system us-ing a dead weight or spring.3.1.2 footthe moving component of the micrometer thatcomes in contact with the sample.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring athickness dimension. Accurate measurement of thickness canbe critical to m
8、eeting specifications and characterizing process,product, and material performance.4.2 This test method does not address acceptability criteria.These need to be jointly determined by the user and producerof the product. Repeatability and reproducibility of measure-ment is shown in the Precision and
9、Bias section. Attentionshould be given to the inherent variability of materials beingmeasured as this can affect measurement outcome.5. Apparatus5.1 Mechanical gage, suitable for measuring thickness:5.1.1 The thickness gage may be either a bench or hand-heldmechanical model.5.1.2 The gage should be
10、capable of accurately measuring inincrements of 2.5 m (0.0001 in.).5.1.3 The foot size and foot pressure should be known andidentified. Because of the compressibility of different materialsit is important when comparing results between differentlaboratories that the size of the foot and pressure be
11、the same.5.1.4 It is recommended that a calibration be performed onthe apparatus used and certified to a recognized industrystandard such as National Institute of Standards and Technol-ogy (NIST).NOTE 1Test Methods D 5947 and D 374 give guidance on methodsfor checking calibration and parallelism.6.
12、Sampling6.1 The number of samples tested should be adequate to bepredictive of performance. Caution should be taken wheneliminating samples with defects as this can bias results.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsib
13、ility of Subcommittee F02.20 onPhysical Properties.Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 2251 03e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se
14、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from American National Standards Instititute (ANSI) 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
15、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 See Practice D 1898 or ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 or Z1.9, orboth, for guidance on sampling plans and practices.7. Conditioning7.1 Conditioning of the samples will depend on the materialunder evaluation. If conditioning before testing is appr
16、opriate,normal, and desirable, then condition the test specimens at 236 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for notless than 24 h prior to test.7.2 See Practice D 4332 for guidance on conditioning prac-tices.8. Procedure8.1 Review applicable specifications, drawings, or proce-dures. Spec
17、ify unit of measure to be used and directions relatedto precision requirements (for example, measure to nearest0.0001 in., round up or down to nearest 1 m, to 0.0001 in., andso forth).8.2 Clean the micrometer contact area (foot and anvil).8.3 Verify that the micrometer reads 0.0 m (0.0000 in.)when n
18、o specimen is present.8.4 Place sample to be measured between the gage foot andanvil. The foot and anvil must be maintained in a parallel state.The sample must be placed such that the measurement locationis parallel to the gage foot and anvil. The sample should lay flatand smooth without wrinkles, c
19、reases or folds. Material shouldnot be under tension when measured.8.5 Release foot and allow reading to stabilize.8.6 Read thickness on gauge readout or face.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Lot number and source of material, date, time, loca-tion and operator of test and complet
20、e identification of mate-rials being tested,9.1.2 Any conditioning of the materials,9.1.3 The apparatus used to measure the thickness, includ-ing the foot size and foot pressure, and9.1.4 Any and all deviations from standard.9.1.5 The sampling plan and number of specimens testedalong with test resul
21、ts should at a minimum include mean,range and standard deviation.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionA research report5describes a round robinconducted in 2002 in accordance with Practice E 691, involv-ing seven laboratories measuring eight specimens. Ten differ-ent pieces of equipment were used to
22、collect information.Equipment used and foot sizes are listed in Table 1. Measure-ments taken included use of micrometers in 0.0001 in. divi-sions. Statistical summaries of repeatability (within a labora-tory) and reproducibility (between laboratories) are listed inTables 2 and 3. All test results ar
23、e expressed in SI units ofmeasure.10.2 Concept of “r” and “R”inTables 2 and 3If Srand SRhave been calculated from a large enough body of data, and fortest results that are averages from three tests on one specimenfor each test result, then the following applies:10.3 Repeatability “r” is the interval
24、 representing the criti-cal difference between two test results for the same material,obtained by the same operator using the same equipment on thesame day in the same laboratory. Two test results shall bejudged to be not equivalent if they differ by more than the “r”value for that material.10.4 Rep
25、roducibility “R” is the interval representing thecritical difference between two test results for the samematerial, obtained by different operators using different equip-ment in different laboratories, not necessarily on the same day.Two test results shall be judged to be not equivalent if theydiffe
26、r by more than the “R” value for that material.10.5 Any judgment in accordance with 10.3 or 10.4 willhave approximately 95 % (0.95) probability of being correct.10.6 BiasBias gage measures to 0.0736 mm (2.94 mils)per NIST calibration testing. Micrometer measurements col-lected to 0.1 mils precision.
27、 Analysis is based upon a 2.9 miltarget. The chart in Fig. 1 does not indicate a consistent bias.11. Keywords11.1 dimension; micrometer; thickness measurement5A research report is available from ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR: F021018.TABLE 1 Description of Equipment used in Round Robin
28、StudiesNOTEForce ranges from instruments are specified from 10 to 150 g.Exceptions include bench top model at 15.875 mm (0.625 in.) rated at 7.3psi with a dead weight load of 1033 g and 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) handheld israted at a force between 600 to 1000 g.Diameter Foot Size,mmFoot Size,in.Type Make4.
29、7752 0.188 Bench Mitutuoyo4.7752 0.188 Bench Mitutuoyo4.7752 0.188 Bench Mitutuoyo6.35 0.250 Handheld Mitutuoyo6.35 0.250 Bench Mitutuoyo9.525 0.375 Bench Ono Sokki9.525 0.375 Handheld Precision Material9.525 0.375 Handheld Mitutuoyo15.875 0.625 Bench TMIF 2251 03 (2008)2TABLE 2 Summary of Interlabo
30、ratory Results by Measurement SetPartAvg ThicknessRepeatability,Std Dev, srReproducibility,Std Dev, sR95 % Repeatability,Limit, r95 % Reproducibility,Limit, Rmm mils mm mils mm mils mm mils mm milsG: 0.48 mil PET 0.012954 0.5100 0.001008 0.0397 0.002197 0.0865 0.00282 0.1111 0.006152 0.2422A: 2 mil
31、PE 0.053679 2.1133 0.000881 0.0347 0.002691 0.1059 0.00247 0.0971 0.007534 0.2966B: 2.5 mil PET/PE 0.06405 2.5217 0.000489 0.0192 0.001915 0.0754 0.00137 0.0539 0.005361 0.2111H: 2.94 mil Calibration Feeler Gage 0.074083 2.9167 0.001316 0.0518 0.00152 0.0598 0.00369 0.1451 0.004255 0.1675F: 42# Unco
32、ated Medical Paper 0.090678 3.5700 0.000733 0.0289 0.001943 0.0765 0.00205 0.0808 0.00544 0.2142D: 4.2 mil PET/PE/FOIL/PE 0.10994 4.3283 0.000811 0.0319 0.001966 0.0774 0.00227 0.0894 0.005505 0.2167E: Uncoated 1073B Tyvek 0.143722 5.6583 0.00164 0.0645 0.009781 0.3851 0.00459 0.1807 0.027387 1.0782
33、C: 10 mil EVA/SURLYN/EVA 0.260181 10.2433 0.001222 0.0481 0.002596 0.1022 0.00342 0.1347 0.007268 0.2862Average 0.001069 0.0421 0.004001 0.1575 0.00299 0.1178 0.011204 0.4411TABLE 3 Summary of Interlaboratory Averaged ResultsRepeatability (within a laboratory)standard deviation (sr)0.001069 mm (0.04
34、21 mils)95 % repeatability limit (r) 0.00299 mm (0.1178 mils)Reproducibility (between laboratories)standard deviation (sR)0.004001 mm (0.1575 mils)95 % reproducibility limit (R) 0.011204 mm (0.4411 mils)FIG. 1F 2251 03 (2008)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
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37、s will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted b
38、y ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 2251 03 (2008)4
