1、Designation: F 2366 05Standard Practice forDetermining the Relative Lightfastness of Ink Jet PrintsExposed to Window Filtered Daylight Using a Xenon ArcLight Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofor
2、iginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test condi-tion
3、s that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of ink jetmedia prints conducted in accordance with Practices G 151 andG 155. The laboratory accelerated procedure is intended todetermine the relative lightfastness of ink jet prints in officeenvironments where window filtered daylight is used forillumin
4、ation.1.2 The two criteria used to determine relative lightfastnessare instrumental color change and change in optical density.1.3 This practice is useful in determining the relativelightfastness of a series of prints or the relation of thelightfastness of the print of interest to the performance of
5、controls with known lightfastness exposed simultaneously.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
6、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in section 8.1.5 There is no equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1729 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 2244
7、 Test Method for Calculation of Color Tolerancesand Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Co-ordinatesD 3424 Test Methods for Evaluating the Relative Lightfast-ness and Weatherability of Printed MatterE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus (Filter) Col
8、orimetryE 1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spec-trophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryE 1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Bidirectional GeometryG113 Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Arti-ficial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic M
9、aterialsG 151 Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materi-als in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory LightSourcesG 155 Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc LightApparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI/NAPM IT9.9-1990 Stability of Color PhotographicIm
10、ages-Methods for MeasuringIT2.171995 ANNEX A1 Density MeasurementsPart 4:Geometric Conditions for Reflection Density, BackingMaterial3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The definitions given in G113are applicable to thisPractice.3.1.2 Ink jet media substrates used by ink jet printers toreceive inks.
11、 The substrate may be paper, plastic, canvas,fabric, or other ink receptive material. The substrate may, ormay not be, coated with one or more ink receptive layers.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Printed ink jet media are exposed to radiant energy froma xenon arc light source equipped with a Window-Glass
12、Filter.4.2 The duration of the exposure may vary widely depend-ing on the lightfastness of the ink/media.4.3 During the course of the exposure, changes in color andoptical density in the printed samples are periodically evalu-ated. Color changes are determined either visually by compari-son with the
13、 unexposed file specimens or instrumentally bycomparison with the color of the same specimen prior toexposure and reported as color difference, DE. The colorchanges of a series of prints are compared with each other orwith those of a control exposed at the same time for which1This practice is under
14、the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.07 on Ink JetImaging Products.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published February 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cu
15、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.performance under use conditions
16、are known. The change inoptical density is determined instrumentally and reported aspercent retained optical density.4.4 The exposure may be continued for a specific durationof time, or until a predetermined color change and change inoptical density has been achieved.5. Significance and Use5.1 Light
17、fastness of printed ink jet media for specifiedperiods of time is pertinent to the end use of these materials.Since the ability of ink jet prints to withstand color changes isa function of the spectral power distribution of the light sourceto which it is exposed, it is important that lightfastness b
18、eassessed under the conditions appropriate to the end useapplication. While ink jet prints may be handled and displayedunder a variety of conditions, this practice is intended toproduce the color changes that may occur in ink jet prints uponexposure to irradiation from daylight filtered through wind
19、owglass by simulating these conditions.5.2 The accelerated procedure covered in this practice isintended to provide a means for the rapid evaluation of relativelightfastness under laboratory test conditions. The Practicedoes not provide a rating of the lightfastness of the prints, butdetermines the
20、lightfastness ranking of a series of prints or theperformance compared to controls with known lightfastness.Test results are useful for specification acceptance betweenproducer and user, for quality control, and for research andproduct development.5.3 Color changes may not be a linear function of du
21、rationof exposure. The preferred method of determining effect of thelight is to expose the prints for a number of intervals and toassess the exposure time required to obtain a specific colorchange or change in optical density.6. Interferences6.1 It is recognized that the rate of photo degradation of
22、 inkjet prints will vary significantly due to factors such as initialcolor density, the area printed (solid versus half-tone), thesubstrate, the ink type (dye versus pigment inks), and thecoating type and thickness. Consequently, test results must bedetermined individually for each printed substrate
23、.6.2 Variations in exposure time, temperature and humiditymay also affect results.7. Apparatus7.1 Use xenon-arc apparatus with a Window Glass Filterthat conform to the requirements defined in Practices G 151and G 155.7.2 Use an uninsulated black panel thermometer as de-scribed in ASTM G 151.7.3 Unle
24、ss otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-tion (SPD) of the xenon arc shall conform to the requirementsof Table 2 in Practice G 155 for a xenon arc with a WindowGlass Filter. Also refer to Fig. X1.1 of Appendix X1 for arepresentative spectral power distribution graph of a xenon arcwith a W
25、indow Glass Filter.7.4 Use an appropriate spectrophotometer, spectrocolorim-eter or colorimeter for measuring color changes and a densi-tometer for measuring changes in optical density.Alternatively,a spectrodensitometer can be used for both color and opticaldensity measurements.8. Test Specimen8.1
26、The substrate, method of printing, ink lay-down, andhandling of printed specimens shall be consistent with theanticipated end use of the specimens.8.2 The test image may be generated with personal com-puter word processing, drawing/graphics or page layout soft-ware, saved as a print file for each pr
27、inter/method of printing(contributing its unique ink and ink/receiver interactions thatmay impact in the image light stability), trial-printed, andevaluated for appropriate ink lay-down (purity and amount)and ease of printing and testing. Each print file should have itsfilename, type, and version id
28、entified in the image area and aplace for experimental notes (for example, time, printer,environmental conditions, operator). The printer settings and atrial print of each print file version should be archived.8.3 The recommended test image shall consist of a stan-dardized arrangement of color patch
29、es printed using print filescontaining the appropriate printer setup specific for eachapplication. This test image shall contain color patches atmaximum print density (100 % fill) for each of the primarycolors (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black), secondary colors(red, green, blue), and composite blac
30、k (cyan plus magentayellow). In addition, since lightfastness may vary as a functionof print density, low optical density patches are recommendedto test the lightfastness of binary images of discrete ink spots.A step wedge containing patches with a range of opticaldensities (for example 25 %, 50 %,
31、75 %, and 100 % fill) maybe useful for this test.8.4 For visual examination, the specimen size as indicatedin practice D 1729 is a minimum of 3-12 by 6-12 in. (90 by 165mm). For instrumental evaluation, the specimen must be largeenough to cover the specimen port; a minimum size of 1.25 in.3 1.25 in.
32、 (35 mm 3 35 mm) is satisfactory for manyinstruments.8.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three rep-licate specimens of each test material and of the controlmaterial, if used.8.5 The unexposed file specimens are prepared for visualevaluations or measured for instrumental evaluations as
33、de-scribed in 8.5.1 and 8.5.2, respectively.8.5.1 For visually evaluated tests, set aside a replicate printor cut off a segment of suitable size; store in a dark, dry place.8.5.2 For instrumentally evaluated tests, make color mea-surements in the relevant specimen area(s) prior to exposure.NOTE 1The
34、 unexposed file specimen control should not be a maskedspecimen. Even though shielded from radiation, some materials mayundergo color changes, due to the heat or moisture present during the test.8.6 Test prints on opaque substrates do not require backingmaterial and shall be tested in accordance wit
35、h their intendeduse. Transparencies shall be backed with a white backingmaterial. Translucent substrates shall be backed with a diffuseblack backing material with an image density of 1.5 6 0.2 asdescribed in ANSI IT2.71995 Annex A1.F23660529. Conditioning9.1 It is recommended that samples be conditi
36、oned at 25Cand 45 % RH for at least 24 h prior to testing. Specimens shallbe visually inspected for color uniformity and surface irregu-larities, which could adversely affect color measurement.10. Exposure Procedure10.1 Practice G 155 lists several exposure cycles that areused for xenon-arc exposure
37、s of nonmetallic materials. Unlessotherwise specified, use a xenon-arc apparatus with a WindowGlass Filter and operate in accordance with Practice G 155.Use the following exposure cycle:Set the machine to maintain an irradiance level of 0.35W/(m2 nm )at 340 nm. The settings at other wavelengths orsp
38、ectral regions that provide equivalent irradiance at 340 nmare: 0.90 W/(m2 nm) at 420 nm; 42.3 W/m2at 300 to 400 nm;and 490 W/m2at 300 to 800 nm. Expose specimens to 100 %light. The uninsulated Black Panel Temperature shall be 63C.In devices that provide for humidity control, set the relativehumidit
39、y at 55 %. In devices that provide for chamber airtemperature control, set the chamber air temperature for 48C.NOTE 2Committee G03 is developing information to be published inthe Appendices of G 151 and G 155 for guidance on uniformity ofconditions in the test chambers and allowed operational fluctu
40、ations of thesetpoints.10.2 Specimens should be confined to an exposure area inwhich the irradiance is at least 90 % of the irradiance at thecenter of the exposure area. Unless it is known that irradianceuniformity meets this requirement, use one of the proceduresdescribed in Practice G 151, section
41、 5.1.4 to ensure equalradiant exposure on all specimens or to compensate forirradiance differences within the exposure chamber. If thespecimens do not completely fill the racks, fill the emptyspaces with blank metal panels to maintain the test conditionswithin the chamber. The apparatus shall be ope
42、rated continu-ously. However, if the test needs to be interrupted to performroutine maintenance or inspection, it should be during a dryperiod.11. Evaluation Procedure11.1 Immediately before exposure, measure all test speci-mens on a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter (see TestMethod E 1348 or
43、E 1349) or colorimeter (see Test MethodE 1347) using CIE 1964 (10) Supplementary Standard Ob-server and Standard Illuminant D 65. Exclude specular reflec-tion from the measurements.11.2 Evaluate the exposed specimens for changes in coloreither visually or instrumentally in accordance with TestMethod
44、s D 1729 and D 3424, Section 11, respectively. Forinstrumental evaluations, using the CIE 1976 L* a* b* equa-tion described in Test Method D 2244, calculate DL*, Da*,Db*, and DE*abbetween each exposed specimen and itsunexposed counterpart.11.3 Evaluate the exposed specimens for changes in opticalden
45、sity measured perANSI/NAPM IT9.9-1996, paragraphs 3.3- 3.6. Percent retained density shall be calculated as follows:% Retained Optical Density 5Optical Density After ExposureOptical Density Before Exposure3 100(1)NOTE 3If instrumental color measurements are used, the type ofequipment, the method and
46、 the color-difference equation used must bestated.12. Report12.1 The report shall include the following:12.1.1 Identification of test specimens and control speci-men(s), including the method of printing, print area (% fill),and substrate.12.1.2 Type and model of exposure device.12.1.3 Type of light
47、source.12.1.4 Type and age of filters at the beginning of theexposure, and whether there were any filter changes during theperiod of exposure.12.1.5 Elapsed exposure time, h.12.1.6 If required, procedure to ensure equal radiant expo-sure on all specimens or to compensate for differences in thetest c
48、hamber.12.1.7 Results from the visual examination or instrumentalevaluation of color change per Practice D 1729 or Test MethodD 2244.12.1.8 Percent retained optical density.F2366053APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights
49、asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters
