1、Designation: F2659 10Standard Guide forPreliminary Evaluation of Comparative Moisture Conditionof Concrete, Gypsum Cement and Other Floor Slabs andScreeds Using a Non-Destructive Electronic Moisture Meter1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2659; the number immediately following the
2、 designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide focuses on obt
3、aining the comparative mois-ture condition within the upper 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) stratum inconcrete, gypsum, anhydrite floor slabs and screeds for fieldtests. Due to the wide variation of material mixtures andadditives used in floor slabs and screeds, this methodology maynot be appropriate for all appl
4、ications. See 1.2 through 1.8 andSection 11. Where appropriate or when specified use furthertesting as outlined in Test Methods F1869, F2170 or F2420before installing a resilient floor covering.1.2 This guide is intended for use to determine if there aremoisture-related conditions existing on, or in
5、, the floor slabsthat could adversely impact the successful application andperformance of resilient flooring products.1.3 This guide may be used to aid in the diagnosis offailures of installed resilient flooring.1.4 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction withmeter manufacturers operation i
6、nstructions and interpretivedata where available.1.5 Where possible, or when results need to be quantifieduse this standard guide to determine where additional testingsuch as Test Methods F1869, F2170,orF2420 as specified tocharacterize the floor slab and the test area environment formoisture, humid
7、ity and temperature conditions.1.6 This guide may not be suitable for areas that havesurface applied moisture migration systems, curing compoundsor coatings that cannot be removed or cleaned off sufficiently toallow the moisture to move upwards through the slab. For afloor slab of 6 in. (150 mm) plu
8、s thickness, low porosity slabs,slabs with no vapor retarder installed, and slabs where theabove surface environmental conditions can have a greater thannormal influence on the moisture reduction gradient of the floorslab or screed, consider Test Method F2170 (below surface insitu rh method) as a mo
9、re suitable test method under thesecircumstances.1.7 This guide is not intended to provide quantitative resultsas a basis for acceptance of a floor for installation of moisturesensitive flooring finishes systems. Test Methods F1869,F2170,orF2420 provide quantitative information for deter-mining if m
10、oisture levels are within specific limits. Resultsfrom this guide do not provide vital information when evalu-ating thick slabs, slabs without effective vapor retarders di-rectly under the slab, lightweight aggregate concrete floors, andslabs with curing compound or sealers on the surface.1.8 The va
11、lues stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wit
12、h its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warningsare given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4259 Practice for Abradin
13、g ConcreteF1869 Test Method for Measuring Moisture Vapor Emis-sion Rate of Concrete Subfloor Using Anhydrous CalciumChlorideF2170 Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity inConcrete Floor Slabs Using in situ ProbesF2420 Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity onthe Surface of Concrete Flo
14、or Slabs Using Relative Hu-midity Probe Measurement and Insulated HoodNOTE 1Also see Related Documents section at the end of thisstandard.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on Resilient FloorCoverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.40 on Practices.Curren
15、t edition approved July 1, 2010. Published September 2010. DOI:10.1520/F2659-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
16、onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 dew point, ndew point temperature is the tempera-ture at which condensation begins. It is the temperature atwhich air must be cool
17、ed in order to reach saturation (assumingair pressure and moisture content are constant).3.1.2 moisture content (MC), nmoisture content testsindicate the moisture content in the slab at the time of the test.This can be defined as the mass of moisture per unit mass ofdry material, for example:Wet wei
18、ght Dry weightDry weight3 100.3.1.3 relative humidity, nratio of the amount of watervapor actually in the air compared to the amount of water vaporrequired for saturation at that particular temperature andpressure, expressed as a percentage.3.1.4 service temperature and relative humidity, ntheaverag
19、e ambient air temperature and relative humidity thattypically will be found in the buildings occupied spaces duringnormal use.3.1.5 vapor emission, nmoisture vapor emission is used todefine the amount of water vapor emitting from the concretefloor slab when using the Anhydrous Calcium Chloride test.
20、This is usually expressed in lb/1000 ft2during a 24-h period.4. Summary of Guide4.1 Procedure:4.1.1 This guide covers a procedure in which a purpose-made and calibrated electronic moisture meter is used inconjunction with interpretive methods provided by meter or themeter manufacturer, or both, to d
21、etermine the comparativemoisture content in the upper 1 in. (25.4 mm) stratum ofconcrete and other floor slabs and screeds by non-destructivelymeasuring the electrical ac impedance.4.2 Principles of Operation:4.2.1 The electrical impedance of a material varies inproportion to its comparative moistur
22、e condition. The electricalimpedance of the floor slab directly under the footprint of theinstrument is measured by creating an alternating electric fieldthat penetrates the material under test. The small alternatingcurrent flowing through the field is inversely proportional tothe impedance of the m
23、aterial. The instrument determines thecurrents amplitude and thus derives the moisture value. (SeeFig. 1). Classifications of meters using this technology areimpedance, capacitance based and electrical field changedetecting devices.4.2.2 The depth of the signal penetration will vary depend-ing on th
24、e material and moisture content of the material beingtested. It generally varies from 0.5 to 1.0 in. (12.7 to 25.4 mm).5. Significance and Use5.1 Moisture in concrete floor slabs affects the performanceof flooring systems such as resilient, wood, and textile floorcoverings and coatings. Manufacturer
25、s of such systems gener-ally require moisture testing be performed before installation ofcoverings on floor slabs and screeds. The measurement ofsub-surface comparative moisture condition in the upper 1.0 in.(25.4 mm) stratum of a concrete slab with a non-destructivemoisture meter is one such method
26、.5.2 Excessive moisture in floor slabs after installation cancause floor covering system failures such as delamination,bonding failure, deterioration of finish flooring and coatings,and microbial growth.5.3 5.3 Comparative moisture content tests indicate themoisture in the slab, which is usually ref
27、erenced to thepercentage of dry weight. That is:Wet weight Dry weightDry weight3 100Results indicate conditions at the time of the test.5.4 Methods of meter calibration and factors affectingequilibration are described in Section 8.6. Apparatus for Non-Destructive Moisture MeterTesting Procedure6.1 A
28、n electrical impedance moisture meter specificallydeveloped and calibrated for the non-destructive measurementof the comparative moisture condition in concrete flooringslabs.6.2 The moisture meter should have a clear display givingreadings of the moisture condition for concrete and other floorslabs
29、in meaningful and interpretable units of measurement.6.3 The moisture meter should be placed in direct contactwith the surface of the bare clean concrete in accordance withthe meter manufacturers recommendations. Direct contactbetween the instrument and the concrete itself is required sothat there i
30、s no loss of signal sensitivity, which could occur asthe sensing signals pass through the thickness of covering orcoating materials on the material (floor slab) being tested.6.4 The moisture meter should be capable of sendingnon-destructive signals through the surface into the concreteslab without d
31、amage. Examples of suitable meters are illus-trated in Appendix Appendix X2.7. Hazards7.1 Silica and Asbestos WarningDo not sand, dry sweep,drill, saw, bead blast, or mechanically chip or pulverizeexisting resilient flooring, backing, lining felt, paint, asphalticcutback adhesives, or other adhesive
32、s. These products maycontain asbestos fibers or crystalline silica.Avoid creating dust.Inhalation of such dust is a cancer and respiratory tract hazard.Smoking by individuals exposed to asbestos fibers greatlyNOTE 1Not to scale.FIG. 1 Typical Non-destructive Electronic Moisture Meter forConcreteF265
33、9 102increases the risk of serious bodily harm. Unless positivelycertain that the product is non-asbestos-containing material,presume that it contains asbestos. Regulations may require thatthe material be tested to determine asbestos content. TheResilient Floor Covering Institutes (RFCI) recommended
34、work practices for removal of existing resilient floor coveringsshould be consulted for a defined set of instructions addressedto the task of removing all resilient floor covering structures.7.1.1 Various federal, state, and local government laws haveregulations covering the removal of asbestos-cont
35、aining mate-rials. If considering the removal of resilient flooring or asphal-tic cutback adhesive that contains or presumes to containasbestos, review and comply with the applicable regulations.7.2 Lead WarningCertain paints may contain lead. Expo-sure to excessive amounts of lead dust presents a h
36、ealth hazard.Refer to applicable federal, state, and local laws and guidelinesfor hazard identification and abatement of lead-based paintpublished by the US Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment regarding appropriate methods for identifyinglead-based paint and removing such paint, and any licen
37、sing,certification, and training requirements for persons performinglead abatement work.8. Calibration8.1 Moisture Measurement meters should be manufacturedwith traceable calibration procedures and have manufacturerscertification, or documentation, available stating the range ofcalibration and the a
38、ccuracy of the meter. Moisture Metersshould be initially calibrated at a minimum of two points.8.2 The Moisture Meter should be of a design that the usercan check the calibration.8.3 Check calibration within 30 days before use by usingguidelines or equipment, or both, supplied or recommended bythe m
39、anufacturer of the moisture meter. If the as-foundreadings differ from the nominal readings by more than thetolerances as laid down by the manufacturer, then the metermanufacturer or its approved recalibration service providershould recalibrate the meter before it is used.9. Pre-test Conditioning an
40、d Preparation9.1 The floor slab shall be at service temperature and theoccupied air space above the floor slab shall be at servicetemperature and relative humidity expected under normal usefor at least 48 h prior to moisture content testing. If this is notpossible then the test should be conducted w
41、ith conditions at 756 10 F (24 6 5C) and relative humidity of 50 6 10 %.9.1.1 All artificial aids used to accelerate drying should beturned off at least 96 h before commencement of the moisturetesting otherwise results may not accurately reflect the amountof moisture present in the slab during norma
42、l operatingconditions.9.2 No visible water in liquid form should be present on theconcrete at the time this testing procedure is being carried out.9.3 Avoid testing locations in direct sunlight or subject todirect sources of heat.9.4 Prior to moisture testing the concrete, the surface of thetest are
43、a shall be clean and free of any covering, coatings,adhesive residue, finishes, dirt, curing compounds, or othersubstances. Non-chemical methods for removal, such as abra-sive cleaning or bead blasting, including methods described inPractice D4259 may be used on existing slabs with deleteriousresidu
44、es to achieve an appropriate state for testing. Surfacepreparation shall take place as follows:9.5 Concrete slabs covered by existing resilient floor cov-erings must have such coverings and all three-dimensionaladhesive removed, and the test area should be exposed toconditions specified in 9.1 for a
45、 minimum of 24 h prior tocleaning and testing.9.6 Remaining adhesive or other deleterious residues, orboth, or concrete slabs that have never hosted resilient floorcoverings must be cleaned of all substances as noted in 9.4.Such cleaning may take place immediately prior to testing.Removal of any flo
46、or covering or adhesive shall be carried outin accordance with RFCI recommended work practices for theremoval of resilient floor coverings.9.7 Moisture meters for concrete normally have their initialcalibration based on clean and bare concrete.9.8 Removal of any existing floor covering or adhesive s
47、hallbe accomplished using approved OSHA work practices. Forremovable of any existing flooring or adhesives strictly observeSection 7 and any other appropriate safety and health practices.10. Procedure10.1 Follow the instrument manufacturers instructions.Typically, power up the moisture meter, place
48、the meter on thebare and clean concrete slab with its sensors firmly presseddown giving direct contact with the surface of the floor slab.Concrete moisture meters that have spring-loaded contactsincorporated in the electrodes or sensor should be presseddown onto the surface of the area being tested
49、so that thesecontacts are fully compressed when taking measurements.10.2 With the meter switched on, an electric field penetratesthe slab. The current flowing through this field is determinedand converted to a comparative or percentage moisture contentreading, which is instantly displayed on the instrument dial.10.3 Where covered floor slabs are being tested, all coveringmaterials, adhesive residue, curing compound, sealers, paintsetc., shall be removed to expose an area of clean bare concreteso that the electrodes, when positioned for testing, are in directconta
