1、Designation: F3122 14Standard Guide forEvaluating Mechanical Properties of Metal Materials Madevia Additive Manufacturing Processes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard serves as a guide to existing standards orvariations of existing standards that may
3、be applicable todetermine specific mechanical properties of materials madewith an additive manufacturing process.1.2 As noted in many of these referenced standards, thereare several factors that may influence the reported properties,including material, material anisotropy, method of materialpreparat
4、ion, porosity, method of specimen preparation, testingenvironment, specimen alignment and gripping, testing speed,and testing temperature. These factors should be recorded, tothe extent that they are known, according to Practice F2971and the guidelines of the referenced standards.1.3 The following s
5、tandards are not referred to directly inthe guide but also have information that may be useful in thetesting of metal test specimens made via additive manufactur-ing: A370, A1058, B211, B348, B557, B565, B724, B769, E3,E6, E7, E290, E467, E468, E837, E915, E1049,E1823, E1942.1.4 UnitsThe values stat
6、ed in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
7、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of SteelProductsMetricB211 Specification for Alu
8、minum and Aluminum-AlloyRolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and WireB348 Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Barsand BilletsB557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy ProductsB565 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Rivets and
9、Cold-Heading Wire andRodsB645 Practice for Linear-Elastic PlaneStrain FractureToughness Testing of Aluminum AlloysB646 Practice for Fracture Toughness Testing of AluminumAlloysB647 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of AluminumAlloys by Means of a Webster Hardness GageB648 Test Method for Indentat
10、ion Hardness of AluminumAlloys by Means of a Barcol ImpressorB724 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of AluminumAlloys by Means of a Newage, Portable, Non-Caliper-Type Instrument (Withdrawn 2013)3B769 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum AlloysB909 Guide for Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Te
11、sting ofNon-Stress Relieved Aluminum ProductsE3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE7 Terminology Relating to MetallographyE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Met
12、allic Mate-rials at Room TemperatureE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests ofMetallic MaterialsE23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me-tallic Material
13、sE111 Test Method for Youngs Modulus, Tangent Modulus,and Chord Modulus1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F42 on AdditiveManufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF42.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published Decemb
14、er 2014. DOI:10.1520/F3122-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of t
15、his historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E132 Test Method for Poissons Ratio at Room TemperatureE140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals RelationshipAmong Brinell Hardness,
16、 Vickers Hardness, RockwellHardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, Sclero-scope Hardness, and Leeb HardnessE143 Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room TemperatureE209 Practice for Compression Tests of Metallic Materials atElevated Temperatures with Conventional or Rapid Heat-ing Rates and Str
17、ain RatesE238 Test Method for Pin-Type Bearing Test of MetallicMaterialsE290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductil-ityE292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture NotchTension Tests of MaterialsE384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness ofMaterialsE399 Test Method for Linear
18、-Elastic Plane-Strain FractureToughness KIcof Metallic MaterialsE448 Practice for Scleroscope Hardness Testing of MetallicMaterialsE466 Practice for Conducting Force Controlled ConstantAmplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic MaterialsE467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-namic Fo
19、rces in an Axial Fatigue Testing SystemE468 Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fa-tigue Test Results for Metallic MaterialsE606 Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue TestingE647 Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue CrackGrowth RatesE740 Practice for Fracture Testing with Surface-C
20、rack Ten-sion SpecimensE837 Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by theHole-Drilling Strain-Gage MethodE915 Test Method for Verifying the Alignment of X-RayDiffraction Instrumentation for Residual Stress Measure-mentE1049 Practices for Cycle Counting in Fatigue AnalysisE1221 Test Method for
21、 Determining Plane-Strain Crack-Arrest Fracture Toughness, KIa, of Ferritic SteelsE1290 Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement(CTOD) Fracture Toughness Measurement (Withdrawn2013)3E1304 Test Method for Plane-Strain (Chevron-Notch) Frac-ture Toughness of Metallic MaterialsE1450 Test Method fo
22、r Tension Testing of Structural Alloysin Liquid HeliumE1457 Test Method for Measurement of Creep CrackGrowth Times and Rates in MetalsE1681 Test Method for Determining Threshold Stress Inten-sity Factor for Environment-Assisted Cracking of MetallicMaterialsE1820 Test Method for Measurement of Fractu
23、re ToughnessE1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture TestingE1875 Test Method for Dynamic Youngs Modulus, ShearModulus, and Poissons Ratio by Sonic ResonanceE1876 Test Method for Dynamic Youngs Modulus, ShearModulus, and Poissons Ratio by Impulse Excitation ofVibrationE1942 Guide for Evalu
24、ating Data Acquisition Systems Usedin Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics TestingE2368 Practice for Strain Controlled ThermomechanicalFatigue TestingE2472 Test Method for Determination of Resistance toStable Crack Extension under Low-Constraint ConditionsE2714 Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Testing
25、E2760 Test Method for Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth TestingE2789 Guide for Fretting Fatigue TestingF2971 Practice for Reporting Data for Test Specimens Pre-pared by Additive ManufacturingF2792 Terminology for Additive ManufacturingTechnologies,ISO/ASTM 52921 Terminology for AdditiveManufacturingCoordin
26、ate Systems and Test Method-ologies2.2 ISO Standards:4EN ISO 148-1 Metallic materialsCharpy pendulum im-pact testPart 1: Test methodISO 148-3 Metallic materialsCharpy pendulum impacttestPart 3: Preparation and characterization of CharpyV-notch test pieces for indirect verification of pendulumimpact
27、machinesISO 377 Steel and steel productsLocation and preparationof samples and test pieces for mechanical testingISO 1099 Metallic materialsFatigue testingAxial force-controlled methodISO 1143 Metallic materialsRotating bar bending fatiguetestingISO 1352 Metallic materialsTorque-controlled fatiguete
28、stingEN ISO 4545-1 Metallic materialsKnoop hardness testPart 1: Test methodISO/DIS 5173 Destructive tests on welds in metallicmaterialsBend testsEN ISO 6506-1 Metallic materialsBrinell hardness testPart 1: Test methodEN ISO 6507-1 Metallic materialsVickers hardness testPart 1: Test methodEN ISO 6508
29、 Metallic materialsRockwell hardness testPart 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N,T)ISO 6892-1 Metallic materialsTensile testingPart 1:Method of test at room temperatureISO 6892-2 Metallic materialsTensile testingPart 2:Method of test at elevated temperatureEN ISO 7438 Metallic mater
30、ialsBend testISO 11531 Metallic materialsEaring testISO 12106 Metallic materialsFatigue testingAxial-strain-controlled methodISO 12108 Metallic materialsFatigue testingFatiguecrack growth method4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036
31、, http:/www.ansi.org.F3122 142ISO 12111 Metallic materialsFatigue testingStrain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing methodISO 12135 Metallic materialsUnified method of test forthe determination of quasistatic fracture toughnessISO 12737 Metallic materialsDetermination of plane-strain fractur
32、e toughnessISO 14556 SteelCharpy V-notch pendulum impact testInstrumented test methodEN ISO 14577 Metallic materialsInstrumented indenta-tion test for hardness and materials parametersPart 1:Test methodISO/TR 14936 Metallic materialsStrain analysis reportISO 15579 Metallic materialsTensile testing a
33、t low tem-peratureISO 19819 Metallic materialsTensile testing in liquidheliumISO 22889 Metallic materialsMethod of test for the deter-mination of resistance to stable crack extension usingspecimens of low constraintISO 26203-1 Metallic materialsTensile testing at highstrain ratesPart 1: Elastic-bar-
34、type systemsISO 26203-2 Metallic materialsTensile testing at highstrain ratesPart 2: Servo-hydraulic and other test sys-temsISO 27306 Metallic materialsMethod of constraint losscorrection of CTOD fracture toughness for fracture assess-ment of steel componentsISO/TR 29381 Metallic materialsMeasuremen
35、t of me-chanical properties by an instrumented indentation testIndentation tensile propertiesISO 3369 Impermeable sintered metal materials andhardmetalsDetermination of densityISO 3452-1 Non-destructive-testingPenetration testingPart 1: General principles3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Terminolo
36、gy relating to additive manufacturing inTerminology F2792 shall apply.3.1.2 Terminology relating to additive manufacturing inISO/ASTM 52921 shall apply.4. Measuring Deformation Properties4.1 Tension:4.1.1 The procedures outlined in Test Methods E8/E8M,E21, E1450, ISO 6892-1, ISO 6892-2, ISO 15579, a
37、nd ISO19819 explain guidelines for tension testing under variousconditions to determine a materials yield and tensile strengths.All are applicable to materials made additively, but sheet-,wire-, and rod-shaped specimens with small diameters aredifficult to build through an additive process.4.1.2 In
38、the tension testing procedures outlined in TestMethods E292 (for determining a materials rupture strength)and Practice E740 (for determining metal plate yield strength),Test Methods E8/E8Ms methods are followed, but the samplesare first prepared with a notch or surface-crack before subject-ing them
39、to tension. While Test Method E292 is applicable tomaterials made additively, it must be noted that thin specimensmade according to Practice E740 may be challenging to makein some additive manufacturing processes.4.1.3 Two ISO Standards, ISO 26203-1 and ISO 26203-2,describe testing sheet metal, such
40、 as the material used forautomotive bodies, at high strain rates. These standards are notapplicable to materials made additively, because sheet materialwould not be made with such a process.4.2 Compression:4.2.1 The procedures outlined in Test Methods E9 andPractice E209 describe the basic method fo
41、r uniaxial compres-sion testing of metallic samples at various temperatures. Theprocedures are used in determining a materials compressiveyield strength and compression strength. These standards areapplicable to materials made additively, but not all of thesample types (thin sheets) can be successfu
42、lly built through anadditive process.4.3 Bearing:4.3.1 The procedures outlined in Test Method E238 describethe method used to determine bearing yield strength andbearing strength for a rectangular metal specimen containing ahole for a bearing pin. This standard is applicable to materialsmade additiv
43、ely, but the surface finish requirements and somethickness requirements for the specimen may be problematicfor some additive manufacturing processes.4.4 Bend:4.4.1 Practice E209 describes the methods that determinethe limit of plastic deformation allowed in a metallic materialduring bending. The cri
44、terion used to evaluate the quality ofmaterials includes their ability to resist cracking or othersurface irregularities. ISO 7438 includes plastic deformationmethods to evaluate a materials ability to resist cracking. ISO7438 also includes the methodology behind measuring thebending strength, the l
45、imit of elasticity bending, bendingmoments and the bending angle using plastic deformationmethods. These standards are also applicable for metal basedadditive manufactured parts.4.5 Modulus:4.5.1 The following section includes standard test methodsto evaluate elastic moduli and Poissons Ratio. These
46、 testmethods could be used in the determination of elastic proper-ties of metal based AM materials.4.5.2 Tension tests, as described by Test Methods E8/E8M,can be used to determine the Youngs modulus, tangentmodulus and chord modulus of AM structural materials. TestMethod E111 describes how to deter
47、mine the elastic materialproperty based on the tension test (E8/E8M) or compressiontest (E9). This standard also can be used to determine theYoungs modulus, tangent modulus and chord modulus usingthe stress-strain behavior.4.5.3 Poissons ratio is the ratio of transverse strain to thecorresponding ax
48、ial strain, and is an intrinsic material property.This ratio can be useful to further describe any anisotropicbehavior of additively produced bulk materials. Test MethodE132 describes the method to determine Poissons ratio basedon the results of a tension test on a rectangular specimen.4.5.4 Test Me
49、thod E143 describes the procedure for calcu-lating the Shear modulus on specimens with a round shape,F3122 143such as a solid cylinder or a tube. This standard describes theuse of an externally applied torque, and subsequent calculationand determination of the Shear modulus. Shear modulus is ahelpful property used in the design of rotating technical parts,such as, rotating shafts, springs or screws.4.5.5 Two alternative methods to determine the dynamicYoungs modulus, Shear modulus and Poissons ratio aredescribe
