1、 TECHNICAL REPORT ATIS-0900007 DYNAMIC SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT, ISSUE 2 As a leading technology and solutions development organization, ATIS brings together the top global ICT companies to advance the industrys most-pressing business priorities. Through ATIS committees and forums, nearl
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5、 CROSSTALK IS THE DOMINANT NOISE. ADSL BIT RATES WERE CALCULATED ON A MEASURED 9008 FT. LOOP WITH 9 DB MARGIN AND 140 DBM/HZ BACKGROUND NOISE. . 122 FIGURE D.5: LOGICAL CONNECTIONS TO AND FROM A DSM SMC WITH INTEGRATED TEST OSS CAPABILITY IMPLEMENTING DSM CONTROL DATA AND DSM DATA . 123 FIGURE G.1:
6、VECTOR MULTIPORT NETWORK MODEL. BOLDFACE QUANTITIES ARE VECTORS OR MATRICES 131 FIGURE G.2: INCREMENTAL SECTION OF TWISTEDPAIR TRANSMISSION LINE . 134 FIGURE G.3: DETAILED 6PORT FOR CROSSTALK MODELING BETWEEN TWO TWISTED PAIR TRADITIONAL METHOD FOR MULTICONDUCTORS, SEE C. PAUL 32 . 135 FIGURE G.4: J
7、OFFE CIRCUIT EMPHASIZING PARAMETERS PHYSICALLY EVIDENT IN TWISTEDPAIR BINDERS 135 FIGURE G.4(A): REDUCED JOFFE CIRCUIT 136 FIGURE G.5: ILLUSTRATION OF 3X3 WITH DIFFERENTIAL LOADS FOR SCALAR TRANSFER FUNCTION CALCULATION 143 FIGURE G.6: EQUIVALENCE OF TRADITIONAL SYMMETRIC MODEL AND MODEL OF THIS SEC
8、TION . 145 ATIS-0900007 viii FIGURE G.7: SIMPLE LOAD CIRCUIT FOR POWER ANALYSIS . 148 FIGURE G.8: SIMPLE UNIFORM (ALL LINES SAME LENGTH) BINDER WITH DIFFERENTIAL SOURCE AND LOAD. ( Z01AND 1ARE 33 MATRICES FOR 2 TWISTED PAIR) SEE ALSO EQUATIONS (G.28)(G.36) FOR DIFFERENTIAL EXCITATION 151 FIGURE G.9:
9、 DIFFERENT LENGTH LINES WITH ZERORLCG DUMMY SECTION INSERTED ON SHORT LINE . 151 FIGURE G.10: ILLUSTRATION OF BRIDGEDTAP ON ONE OF THE LINES 152 FIGURE G.11: EXAMPLES OF MULTIPORT CASCADES FOR TWISTEDPAIR TRANSMISSION LINE CONFIGURATIONS 152 FIGURE G.12: DISTANCE BETWEEN PAIRS . 153 FIGURE G.13: 25B
10、INDER CROSS SECTION . 158 Table of Tables TABLE 1: G.997.1 MIB REPORTED PARAMETERS USED IN LEVEL 1 DSM . 12 TABLE 2: G.997.1 MIB REPORTED PARAMETERS USED IN LEVEL 2 DSM . 13 TABLE 3: G.997.1 MIB REPORTED PARAMETERS USED IN LEVEL 3 DSM . 16 TABLE 4: DSM CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR LEVEL 1 DSM 17 TABLE 5:
11、DSM CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR LEVEL 2 DSM 19 TABLE 6: DSM CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR LEVEL 3 DSM 20 TABLE B.1 TYPES OF CROSSTALKING SITUATIONS TO WHICH VECTORING CAN BE APPLIED . 49 TABLE C.1: ADSL1 SYSTEM PARAMETERS 53 TABLE C.2: VDSL SYSTEM PARAMETERS 57 TABLE C.3: ADSL2PLUS AND VDSL SYSTEM PARAMETERS 61
12、 TABLE C.4: SUMMARY OF SNR MARGIN AND BITSSWAPPED BY MLWF AND A PSDMASK IMPOSITION METHOD 90 TABLE C.5: SIMULATION PARAMETERS 104 TABLE C.6: DOWNSTREAM DATA RATE OF WORSTPERFORMING VECTORED LINE . 106 TABLE C.7: RATEREACH RESULTS (IN MB/S) FOR THREE SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT METHODS . 115 TABLE D.1: SOME
13、DSL IMPAIRMENTS, THEIR IDENTIFICATION, AND A FEW METHODS OF REMEDIATION . 124 TABLE G.1: 15 TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF INTEREST FOR 3X3 CASE G IS USED FOR NEXT AND H FOR FEXT (FIRST SUBSCRIPT IS OUTPUT AND SECOND SUBSCRIPT IS INPUT) . 146 ATIS TANDARD ATIS-0907 ATIS Standard on Dynamic Spectrum Managemen
14、t Technical Report, Issue 2 1 1 Executive Summary This Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) Technical Report (TR), Issue 2, provides a description of Dynamic Spectrum Management technologies for management of Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) to enhance the performance of DSL services provided over the co
15、pper loop. Dynamic Spectrum Management techniques can improve DSL service reliability, increase data rates, and reduce power consumption of DSL transmission systems through measurement and/or dynamic management of DSL configuration parameters. DSM incorporates parameters of the subscriber line envir
16、onment and line transmission systems that are time- or situation-dependent. DSM methods may enhance the performance of DSL services by enabling the adaptive or dynamic assignment of signals, spectra, and operations of DSL lines, by selecting appropriate configurations specific for each DSL line. DSM
17、 may also assist in the control of features (e.g., impulse noise protection) that help to improve the physical-layer performance without changing the transmitted spectra or in diagnosis of line degradations and faults. This Issue 2 of the DSM TR provides the following changes from the initial issue
18、of the TR: Alignment with the current version of applicable ITU-T Recommendations, including with the current version of ITU-T G.997.1 10 and the recently published G.993.5 9 and G.998.4 11 Recommendations. Addition in Annexes A and C of descriptions and use case analysis of the following DSM algori
19、thms: Penalty-Benefit Optimization, Centralized Multi-level Water-filling, Distributed Multi-level Water-filling, DSM level 3 Vectored DSL Algorithms, and Adaptive Downstream Power Back-Off. Deprecation of text in Annex A.2 of the initial issue of the TR on the Normalized-Rate Iterative Algorithm an
20、d Centralized Normalized-Rate Iterative Algorithm. Deprecation of text of Annex E, Level-2 DSM Data capability Single-Carrier-Modulation (SCM) VDSL. 1.1 Scope This document provides information on DSM for the administration of services and technologies that use metallic subscriber line cables. Spect
21、rum management is the administration of subscriber line technology in a way that provides spectral compatibility for services and technologies that use pairs in the same cable. American National Standard ATIS-0600417.2003 (R2012) 13 addresses spectrum management in a static form. DSM can enhance spe
22、ctrum-management value by improving reliability, increasing data rates, and reducing power consumption of DSL transmission systems through measurement and/or dynamic management of DSL configuration parameters. DSM incorporates parameters of the subscriber line environment and line transmission syste
23、ms that are time or situation dependent, which are not incorporated in the current issue of ATIS-0600417.2003 (R2012). A service providers DSL systems may provide physical-layer channel and performance information to that service providers maintenance entity according to specifications contained wit
24、hin this document. This information may optionally be used by the maintenance entity and its service provider to improve service provisioning, reliability, and/or data rates. DSM methods may enhance the performance of DSL services by enabling the adaptive or dynamic assignment of signals, spectra, a
25、nd operation of DSL lines while remaining within the constraints of the static ATIS-0600417.2003 (R2012) specifications. DSM may also assist in the control of features (e.g., impulse noise protection) that help to improve the physical-layer performance without changing the transmitted spectra. While
26、 the effectiveness is somewhat diminished, DSM may also be applied to certain wire pairs of a cable, even if there are some other wire pairs in that cable that are outside of the domain of the Spectrum Management Center (SMC). This document includes the following types of suggestions and information
27、 for defined DSL systems: Examples of DSM use when a Spectrum Management Center (SMC) monitors and changes the DSL parameters (such as power, margin, etc.) without specific knowledge of other DSLs. ATIS-0900007 2 Examples of algorithms for the autonomous control or coordination of DSL spectra and/or
28、 signals. Examples of DSM use when DSL systems with dynamic spectra are present and of the use of DSM to allow a service provider to locate and correct their own DSL problems. Channel identification: line-dependent and binder-dependent characterization of signals, crosstalk, and other noise. This do
29、cument is a Technical Report (TR) of ATIS Committee COAST. As such, it is neither an American National Standard (ANSI Standard) nor an ATIS COAST Technical Requirement (TRQ). All text in this document is Informative. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this DSM document is to provide the industry with inform
30、ation that may allow substantial improvement in data rates, reliability, and relative symmetry of upstream and downstream data rates of DSL systems with respect to static spectrum management described in ANSI ATIS-0600417.2003 (R2012) 13. The techniques in this report allow enhanced spectrum-managem
31、ent procedures and build upon the techniques that were standardized in ANSI ATIS-0600417.2003 (R2012). To this purpose, this document defines mechanisms for characterizing and describing DSL systems that may autonomously or through coordination improve the performance of one or more DSL services wit
32、hin a cable without reducing the performance or disrupting the operation of other DSL systems as defined by compliance with ATIS-0600417.2003 (R2012). DSL systems (that are owned, operated, and maintained by a Network Operator) may provide physical-layer channel and performance information to their
33、own maintenance entity according to information contained within this document. Coordination or sharing of DSM related information between Network Operators (or Service Providers) whose DSL systems may share the same access cable plant is outside the scope of this Technical Report. 2 Goals also refe
34、rred to as the “Brown and Sharpe (B generally with a frequency range from near DC to nearly 4kHz. working length: The sum of all loop segment lengths from the Central Office or Remote Terminal to the network interface at a customer location, excluding non-working bridged tap. 5 Abbreviations, Acrony
35、ms, and Symbols The following acronyms are used throughout this document: L26total working length of 26-AWG cable on a line ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line AM Amplitude Modulation AN Access Node ANSI American National Standards Institute AWG American Wire Gauge BER Bit Error Ratio CO Central
36、 Office CPE Customer Premises Equipment dB decibel dBm decibel referenced to 1 milliwatt DC Direct Current; used to indicate 0 Hz frequency DFE Decision Feedback Equalizer DMT Discrete Multitone DSL Digital Subscriber Line DSM Dynamic Spectrum Management EC Echo Cancelled EIA Electronic Industries A
37、ssociation ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute EWL Equivalent Working Length; see definition FDD Frequency-Division Duplex FEXT Far-End crosstalk; see definition FP Flat Pair HDSL High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line HDSL2 High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line 2ndgeneration Hz Hert
38、z ITU-T International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector kbps kilobits per second kft kilofeet kHz kilohertz LT Line Termination mH millihenry MIB Management Information Base MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output ms millisecond ATIS-0900007 9 mW milliwatt NEXT Near-End cr
39、osstalk NI Network Interface NICC Network Interoperabilty Consultative Committee NMS Network Management System NSC Number of Sub-Carriers NT Network Termination PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation POTS Plain Old Telephone Service PSD Power Spectral Density QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QLN Quiet Li
40、ne Noise RFI Radio Frequency Interference RLCG resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance RMS Root Mean Square RT Remote Terminal SCM Single-Carrier Modulation SHDSL Single-pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line SM Spectrum Management, e.g., SM class 1 SMC Spectrum Management Center SNR S
41、ignal-to-Noise-Ratio T1 type of 4-wire metallic 1.544 Mb/s transmission system TAM Test Access Matrix TIA Telecommunications Industry Association TU-C Transceiver Unit Central office end. Combined with another letter; e.g., ATU-C for a central office ADSL transceiver. xTU-C indicates the general cas
42、e where the particular DSL type is not specified. NOTE: In the case of VDSL, the acronym VTU-C is not used, instead the term used is VTU-O. TU-R Transceiver Unit Remote terminal end. Combined with another letter; e.g., ATU-R for a remote ADSL transceiver. xTU-R indicates the general case where the p
43、articular DSL type is not specified. VDSL Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line VDSL2 Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line 2 VTU-O VDSL Transceiver Unit Office end. NOTE: In the case of VDSL, the term VTU-C is not used. 6 General Information Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) considers methods f
44、or spectrum balancing line spectra, methods for coordination of line spectra maintained by a single service provider, and DSL vectoring, that try to improve DSL service data rates, ranges, reliability, and/or symmetries. The use of such DSM methods on some lines may affect other lines performance; t
45、hus, this DSM report also studies these effects. DSM descriptions in this document also address informative methods for identification of crosstalk and line information. Such descriptions also address the format of line and crosstalk information for use by a service providers DSL maintenance entity.
46、 As depicted in Figure 1, the service providers SMC may accept line and crosstalk information in a specified format across the DSM-D interface. The SMC may exchange information over the DSM-S interface with the “Service Provider Other Processes” related to DSL service statistics, requirements and gu
47、idelines. Finally, the ATIS-0900007 10 SMC may diagnose DSL service troubles and/or identify improved DSL system configurations. These improved configurations may be conveyed to the DSL systems over the DSM-C interface. The DSM-D and DSM-C interfaces make use of the reporting and control parameters
48、mentioned in clauses 5 and 6, respectively, of this report. The SMC is a component of the Service Providers operations environment, which is the entire suite of systems and procedures with which the Network Operator manages its DSL Network. The SMC can be a standalone system or part of any of the Se
49、rvice Providers network or service management systems. The specification of the placement of the SMC in a service providers management architecture is outside the scope of this Technical Report. Similarly the specification of the design and architecture of the SMC, or of the details of the design or implementation of DSM algorithms in an SMC, Network Element or CPE are outside the scope of this TR. An Access Node (AN) typically implements the DSM-C and DSM-D interfaces through the ITU-T Recommendation G.997.1 1
