1、 Source Water Protection Operational Guide to ANSI/AWWA G300 Richard W. Gullick, PhD 2016 Operational Guide to ANSI/A WW A G300 Source W ater Protection Copyright 2017 American Water Works Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
2、 any means, elec- tronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Disclaimer e authors, contributors, editors, and publisher do not a
3、ssume responsibility for the validity of the content or any consequences of its use. In no event will AWWA be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of information presented in this book. In particular, AWWA will not be responsible for any c
4、osts, including, but not limited to, those incurred as a result of lost revenue. In no event shall AWWAs liability exceed the amount paid for the purchase of this book. Project Manager: Melissa Valentine Production: PerfecType, Nashville, TN Printed in the United States of America American Water Wor
5、ks Association 6666 West Quincy Ave. Denver, CO 80235iii Contents S E C T I O N 1 : A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S .1 S E C T I O N 2 : F O R E W O R D . 3 SECTION 3: INTRODUCTION 6 SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS .1 5 Sec 4.1 Source W ater Protection Program Vision and Stakeholder Involvement, 15 Sec 4.2 Ch
6、aracterization of Source W ater and Source W ater Protection Area, 19 Sec 4.3 Source W ater Protection Goals, 29 Sec 4.4 Action Plan, 31 Sec 4.5 Program Implementation, 37 Sec 4.6 Evaluation and Revision, 40 SECTION 5: VERIFICA TION .41 S E C T I O N 6 : G L O S S A R Y O F A B B R E V I A T I O N S
7、 4 2 S E C T I O N 7 : R E S O U R C E S 4 4 SECTION 8: ANNOTA TED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR SELECT INFORMA TION SOURCES . 5 2 SECTION 9: REFERENCES . 5 9 SECTION 10: WORKSHEETS . 6 8 SECTION 11: CASE STUDIES FOR SOURCE W A TER PROTECTION . 9 41 G300 Operational Guide SECTION 1: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS is Operationa
8、l Guide to AWWA Standard G300: Source Water Protection is the result of a series of ongoing eorts over the past decade and a half. In the fall of 2000, the American Water Works Association (AWWA) requested that the volun- teer AWWA Source Water Protection (SWP) Committee develop accreditation cri- t
9、eria and supporting guidance for SWP activities performed by water utilities. Led by SWP Committee chair Pamela P . Kenel, P .E. (Black Pamela P . Kenel, P .E., Black and Jonathan Keck, California Water Service Company. AWWA sta members Paul Olson, Bill Lauer, Dawn Flancher, John Anderson, Martha Ri
10、pley Gray, Daniel Feldman, and Gay Porter DeNileon also contributed to this eort. SECTION 2: FOREWORD AWWAs primary goal is to support water utilities in the evaluation and improvement of their water quality, operations, maintenance, and infrastructure. Several programs and types of publications are
11、 used to support this mission. A key program is the AWWA Standards Program, which has existed for more than 100 years to produce peer-reviewed standards for the materials and processes used by water and wastewater utility industries. ese standards, which are Ameri- can National Standards Institute (
12、ANSI) approved, are recognized worldwide and have been adopted by many utilities and organizations. e A WWA Standards Pro- gram is designed to assist water and wastewater utilities and their service providers 4 Operational Guide to ANSI/AWWA G300 in meeting the expectations of their customers, inves
13、tors, and government regula- tors. e standards developed under the program are generally intended to improve a utilitys overall operations and service. Recently, AWWA also developed a series of management standards for water and wastewater utilities. e Utility Management Standards Program provides a
14、 means to assess service quality and management eciency based on recognized standards for best available practices. rough these standards and formal recogni- tion by professional organizations, the program serves water and wastewater utilities by promoting improvements in the quality of services and
15、 ecient management. e utility management standards address the utility managers need to have consistency and reliability and to know what is expected in the management and operation of a utility. ese standards are also valuable resources for the many issues that utilities face, including increased s
16、crutiny on accountability, increased regulation, and dicult economic realities such as aging infrastructure, changing demand for water, and a shrinking workforce. e utility management standards are designed to cover the principal activi- ties of a typical water and/or wastewater utility and include
17、the following: G100, Water T reatment Plant Operation and Management G200, Distribution Systems Operation and Management G300, Source Water Protection G400, Utility Management System G410, Business Practices for Operation and Management G420, Communications and Customer Relations G430, Security Prac
18、tices for Operation and Management G440, Emergency Preparedness Practices G480, Water Conservation Program Operation and Management G481, Reclaimed Water Program Operation and Management G510, Standard for W astewater T reatment Plant Operations and Management e utility management standards are deve
19、loped using the same formal, ANSI-recognized, AWWA-managed process. Volunteers on the standards com- mittees establish standard practices in a uniform and appropriate format. Formal standards committees are formed to address the individual standards of practice for the diverse areas of water and was
20、tewater utility operations. ANSI/AWWA Standard G300, Source Water Protection, is the denitive standard for a drinking water utility to use to protect its drinking water supply source(s). e rst edition of ANSI/AWWA G300 became eective on July 1, Source Water Protection 5 2007, and was revised on June
21、 1, 2014. e standard outlines the six primary com- ponents of successful source water protection (SWP) programs and the require- ments for meeting the standard. Given that every water system is unique, SWP elements vary from utility to utility. e standard can be used to guide development of a SWP pr
22、ogram by fol- lowing the framework presented. Also, it can be used to evaluate the completeness and potential eectiveness of an existing SWP program by comparing a programs components with those listed in the standard to ensure all important parts are included. is guide is intended to provide suppor
23、t and guidance to help utilities plan, develop, and implement successful SWP programs that will meet the criteria listed in ANSI/AWWA G300. However, it is not intended to be a complete instructional guide for implementation of ANSI/AWWA G300 and may not apply to all situ- ations encountered by indiv
24、idual utilities. It also does not have any specic regu- latory linkage and does not specically address source water selection or certain aspects of source water management (e.g., treatment of reservoir water to control algal growth and stratication). is guide starts with acknowledgments (Sec. 1) of
25、key individuals who assisted in the development of ANSI/AWWA G300 and this associated operational guide. Section 2 (this Foreword) describes the basic tenets of the AWWA Utility Management Standard Program and describes the outline of this guide. Section 3, Introduction, includes basic information a
26、nd guidance about SWP programs and activities and a brief description of the six essential elements (or phases) that comprise a successful SWP program. is section explains how this guide can be used to assess whether a SWP program has met the criteria of ANSI/ AWWA Standard G300. Section 4, Requirem
27、ents, lists the specic requirements of the SWP stan- dard. ere are six subsections, one for each of the six basic elements of a success- ful SWP program. Each subsection includes a description of the rationale for the specic requirement, a description of the program component and related issues, som
28、e suggested approaches, and, for some elements, a list of resources for further information. Section 5, Verication, includes a description of documentation and human resources needed to verify compliance with the standard. Section 6, Glossary of Abbreviations, lists the abbreviations used in this gu
29、ide. Section 7, Resources, lists relevant national-level stakeholders. 6 Operational Guide to ANSI/AWWA G300 Section 8, Annotated Bibliography for Select Information Sources, provides descriptions and web links for helpful reports, websites, databases, and other sources of information and guidance.
30、Section 9, References, lists all references cited in this guide. Section 10, Worksheets, contains many questions in checklist format that utilities can use to self-assess their progress. ese questions serve as the basis for reporting progress related to ANSI/AWWA G300, Standard for Source Water Pro-
31、 tection. ese worksheets are not intended to serve as blueprints to all SWP pro- grams. However, a utility that has all the components represented in the checklists is likely to have the principle elements of the ANSI/AWWA standard incorporated into its SWP program and practices. e worksheets can be
32、 used to ensure that important subjects are covered for each component, to nd additional ideas that may not have been included in the existing program, and to help identify gaps that may exist in a utilitys current procedures compared to the requirements of the standard. e worksheets also serve to s
33、olicit proof and documentation that procedures are indeed in place where called for by the standard. Section 11, Case Studies for Source Water Protection, describes three suc- cessful SWP programs for the following utilities: Philadelphia Water (Pa.), Central Arkansas Water (Little Rock), and Remsen
34、 Municipal Utilities (Iowa). Each case study follows the framework of the ANSI/AWWA Standard and thus provides examples of dierent ways to accomplish each necessary component. ey also show innovative elements that go beyond the minimum requirements of the stan- dard. Philadelphia Water and Remsen Mu
35、nicipal Utilities are past recipients of the AWWA Exemplary Source Water Protection Award, which is based on following the concepts laid out in the standard. SECTION 3: INTRODUCTION e goal of drinking water suppliers is to provide their customers with suf- cient quantities of high-quality water at a
36、ordable rates. e best way to ensure high-quality drinking water for public consumption is to use a multiple barrier approach (e.g., OConnor 2002; CCME 2002). is approach includes (1)select- ing the highest-quality source water possible; (2) protecting that source; (3)treat- ing the water (with more
37、than one method); (4) maintaining quality in the distribution system; (5) monitoring quality at those various stages; and (6)when Source Water Protection 7 necessary (if other barriers fail), implementing adequate emergency response procedures. Sound management practices and an adequate regulatory s
38、tructure provide a method and a framework for proper implementation of this approach. Each step in this process should be optimized when responding to high customer expectations for drinking water quality, increased regulatory requirements, and uncertainties associated with the growing number of dri
39、nking water contaminants as well as climate change. Given the great importance of source water protection (SWP) as one com- ponent of the multiple-barrier approach, ANSI/AWWA G300, Source Water Pro- tection, was developed. First published in 2007, it was revised in 2014 (AWWA 2014). e standard was e
40、stablished to provide a general framework to help guide drinking water systems of any size and to provide the conditions for developing SWP programs that are locally specic and highly variable in scope. It also provides a tool for assessing the completeness and eectiveness of a SWP program. Backgrou
41、nd Contaminants of concern for drinking water result from either natural sources or anthropogenic activities within the water supply watersheds and aquifers and from unintended collateral eects of the treatment processes used to deal with certain contaminants in source waters (e.g., disinfection by-
42、products). erefore, high-quality source water is an important barrier in preventing contaminants from entering or being created within the water supply system. AWWAs support of this premise is noted in its ocial policy statement on the quality of water supply sources: “AWWA strongly supports securin
43、g drinking water from the highest qual- ity sources available and protecting those sources to the maximum degree possible” (AWWA 2010). e primary objectives of SWP programs are to maintain, safeguard, and/or improve the quality of a given water source. A clear and important aspect of this premise is
44、 that pollution prevention is often preferable to remediation or treat- ment of contaminated source water. SWP programs should not only emphasize the reduction in current contamination but also provide a means to assess and prevent future contamination. Numerous benets may be achieved from SWP , and each may be considered an incentive or driver for a utility to develop and implement SWP activities. e potential incentives include the following:
