1、BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU 47:1965 Incorporating Amendment No.1 Specification for Advance warning triangle to indicate temporary obstructions UDC 656.056:656.04BSAU47:1965 This BritishStandard, having been approved by the AutomobileIndustry Standards Committee and endorsed bytheChairma
2、n of the EngineeringDivisional Council,was published undertheauthority of theGeneralCouncil of theInstitution on 15January1965 BSI02-2000 The following BSI reference relates to the work on this standard: Committee reference AUE/- ISBN 0 580 04501 3 Co-operating organizations The Automobile Industry
3、Standards Committee, under whose supervision this BritishStandard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: British Road Services D.S.I.R. Road Research Laboratory* Electric Lamp Industry Council* Institution of M
4、echanical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Automobile Division) Institution of Production Engineers London Transport Board Ministry of Defence, Army Department Ministry of Transport* Municipal Passenger Transport Association (Incorporated) Public Transport Association (Incorporated) So
5、ciety of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd.* The Government department and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this BritishStandard: Association
6、of Dry Battery Manufacturers Association of Road Traffic Sign Makers Automobile Association British Cycle & Motor Cycle Industries Association Ltd British Plastics Federation Cyclists Touring Club Glass Manufacturers Federation Illuminating Engineering Society National Physical Laboratory (D.S.I.R.)
7、 Royal Automobile Club Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of Issue Comments 5826 May1966 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBSAU47:1965 BSI 02-2000 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Def
8、initions 1 3 Design 1 4 Initial approval tests 1 5 Subsequent tests for compliance 1 6 Marking 1 7 Reflex reflecting surface 2 8 Fluorescent surface 2 9 Construction 2 10 Water resistance 3 11 Oil resistance 3 12 Stability 3 13 Protective cover 3 14 Instructions for use 3 Appendix A Symbols and unit
9、s used in Figure 2 5 Appendix B Simplified method for determining colour limits 6 Figure 1 Advance warning triangle 4 Figure 2 Explanatory diagram 6 Table Minimum C.I.L. of reflex reflecting surface in millicandelasperlux(approximate equivalent values in candelas perincidentlumenpersquarefoot are gi
10、ven in parenthesis) 2BSAU47:1965 ii BSI 02-2000 Foreword This BritishStandard, which is published under the authority of the Automobile Engineering Industry Standards Committee of the BSI, was prepared at the request of the Ministry of Transport. It provides a specification for a portable triangle s
11、ign which can be placed on or beside the road to give advance warning of the presence of an obstruction. The sign may be carried in motor vehicles for use in accordance with the appropriate Regulations. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users
12、of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, pages1 to6 and a back cover. This standard ha
13、s been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BSAU47:1965 BSI 02-2000 1 1 Scope This BritishStandard is concerned with triangle signs which may be placed on or beside the road to give advance warn
14、ing of the presence of a temporary obstruction. The specification includes design and construction, colorimetric and photometric requirements, resistance to water and to oil, and a stability test. The materials for construction are not specified. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this BritishStandar
15、d the following definitions apply: 2.1 advance warning triangle (abb. Triangle sign) an equilateral triangular sign faced with reflex reflecting material and with fluorescent material, both being red in colour 2.2 sample unit a complete triangle sign, as used 2.3 normal axis a line perpendicular to
16、the face of a triangle sign, and passing through the centre of the triangle 3 Design The triangle sign shall have the outline and the dimensions shown in Figure 1, and shall be faced with red reflex reflecting material and red fluorescent material as indicated. If the centre portion of the triangle
17、is not hollow it shall be coloured black. 4 Initial approval tests Representative sample units shall be submitted for test as agreed between the maker and the body responsible for testing. All sample units submitted shall comply with all the requirements of this standard. 5 Subsequent tests for comp
18、liance a) Tests. Once a year, or at the discretion of the testing authority, ten sample units shall be selected and tested in accordance with all the requirements of this standard. Each sample unit failing to comply with the requirements of one or more tests shall constitute one failure. b) Results
19、of tests. i) If there are no failures the production from which the units are taken is deemed to comply with this standard. ii) If there are more than2 failures the production is deemed not to comply with this standard. iii) If there are1 or2 failures, a further10 sample units shall be tested in acc
20、ordance with Subclause5 a). If in the combined results from the20 sample units tested there are only1 or2 failures the production is deemed to comply, but if there are more than2 failures the production is deemed not to comply with this standard. 6 Marking Each unit made in accordance with this Brit
21、ishStandard shall be permanently and legibly marked, in such a position as to be clearly visible when the unit is ready for use, with the following information as appropriate: a) With the name, trade mark, or other means of identification of the maker. b) With the number of this BritishStandard, i.e
22、.“BS AU47”. NOTEThe mark BS AU47 on or in relation to the product is aclaim by the manufacturer that it complies with the requirements of the standard. The BritishStandards Institution is the owner of a registered certification trade mark. This is shown below, enclosed in the words “Approved to Brit
23、ishStandard”. This mark can be used only by manufacturers licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by the BSI. The presence of this mark on or inrelation to a product is an assurance that the goods have beenproduced to comply with the requirements of the British Standard under a system
24、of supervision, control and testing operated during manufacture and including periodical inspection at the manufacturers works in accordance with the certification mark scheme of the BSI. Further particulars of the terms of licence may be obtained from the Director, BritishStandards Institution,2, P
25、ark Street, London,W.1.BSAU47:1965 2 BSI 02-2000 7 Reflex reflecting surface a) Colour. When the reflex reflecting surface is illuminated by CIE standard illuminantA, 1)with an observation angle of1/3 and an entrance angleV = 5 , H =O , trichromatic 2)coordinates of the reflected luminous flux shall
26、 be within the following limits: Limit towards yellow:yshall be not greaterthan0.335 Limit towards purple:zshall be not greaterthan0.020 NOTEAppendix B gives an alternative, simplified method of determining the colour limits. Compliance with the colorimetric specifications shall be verified by a vis
27、ual comparison test. Ifany doubt remains after this test, compliance with the colorimetric specifications shall be verified by determining the trichromatic co-ordinates of the most doubtful sample. b) Photometric requirements. The coefficient of luminous intensity (CIL) of the triangle, when illumin
28、ated by CIE standard illuminantA 3) , shall be measured for each of the entrance angles specified in the Table. Formaking the necessary measurements, either of the methods recommended by C.I.E, or R.R.L. 1)for the photometry of reflex reflecting devices shall be used. With the triangle sign mounted
29、as for use, thenormal axis shall be taken as the H-V direction. The triangle sign shall not be rotated and all measurements shall be made for& = O . The angular subtense values andf shall not exceedO5. NOTEAn explanatory diagram of the angles involved is given in Appendix A and Figure 2. Table Minim
30、um C.I.L. of reflex reflecting surface in millicandelas per lux (approximateequivalent values in candelasper incident lumen per square footare given in parenthesis) c) Surface. The surface shall be smooth and easily cleaned. The material shall be adequately colourfast. d) Wet test. The triangle shal
31、l be immersed in water and then removed and placed in an upright position. The displayed surface is then subjected to a fine water spray sufficient to keep the reflecting surfaces wet. When tested, under these conditions, as specified in Subclause7 b) the minimum CIL values obtained shall be not les
32、s than those given in the Table. 8 Fluorescent surface When the fluorescent surface is illuminated by C.I.E. standard illuminant C 3)the trichromatic 2) co-ordinates of the red light emitted shall be within the following limits: Towards yellow:yshall not be greater than0.335 Towards purple:zshall no
33、t be greater than0.020 and the luminance factor of the sample shall be at least30per cent. The material shall be adequately colourfast. NOTE 1The luminance factor includes both the reflected and the fluorescent luminous flux. NOTE 2Appendix B gives an alternative, simplified method of determining th
34、e colour limits. 9 Construction The triangle sign shall be so constructed that it will stand firmly on the surface of a road with one apex pointing upwards and with the normal axis within5 of the horizontal. It may be collapsible, but when erected shall be rigid and shall not wobble or flex easily.
35、It shall have radiused corners and shall be so constructed that it is unlikely to cause more than superficial damage to any vehicle which may pass over it when it is standing on the surface of a road. The back of the sign shall have a surface which enables it to be easily distinguished, particularly
36、 at night, from the front surface unless both sides are faced with the materials specified in Clause3, i.e.the triangle is reversible. 1) SeeRoad Research Technical Paper No.42 “Reflex Reflectors”. 2) As defined in the proceedings of the1931 meeting of the International Commission on Illumination (C
37、IE). 3) As defined in the proceedings of the1951 meeting of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). Observation angle Entrance angle Vertical H H Horizontal 5 left and5right 30 left and30 right 0 12 CIL (min.) 300 (3.0) 150 (1.5)BSAU47:1965 BSI 02-2000 3 10 Water resistance The triangle
38、sign shall be immersed in water for2hours after which it shall be taken out and allowed to dry. No part of the sign shall show evidence of deterioration which will reduce the effectiveness of the triangle. 11 Oil resistance The triangle sign shall be immersed in a mixture of petrol and benzene (prop
39、ortion90:10) and then removed. After5minutes the sign shall be examined. No visible deterioration of the triangle sign or of the reflecting or fluorescent surfaces shall be evident. 12 Stability The triangle sign shall be erected upon a flat horizontal surface having a coefficient of friction of at
40、least0.6 (when tested by means of the portable tester described in Road Research Technical PaperNo.66, using a slider of tyre tread material) and shall be subjected to a steady horizontal stream of air at40kilometres perhour. The test shall be performed with the sign facing the stream of air (with t
41、he normal axis parallel to the air stream), and repeated four times, the sign being rotated45 about the vertical axis before each subsequent test. In each case the sign shall not fall over nor move horizontally. 13 Protective cover An adequate protective cover shall be provided for the device. 14 In
42、structions for use Permanent and legible instructions for use shall be marked on the triangle sign, stand or cover.BSAU47:1965 4 BSI 02-2000 Figure 1 Advance warning triangleBSAU47:1965 BSI 02-2000 5 Appendix A Symbols and units used in Figure 2 NOTED eand are generally very nearly the same and unde
43、r normal conditions of observation it may be assumed that D e =. Furthermore, the effective distances may be used when a collimated system is used in order to obtain an artificially increased measuring distance. All angles are expressed indegrees andminutes. C = Reference centre NC = Reference axis
44、R r = Receiver, observer or measuring device C r = Centre of receiver ? r = Diameter of receiver R rif circular(cm) S e = Source of illumination C s = Centre of source of illumination ? s = Diameter of source of illumination(cm) D e = Distance from centre C sto centreC(m) = Distance from centre C rt
45、o centreC(m) ! = Observation angle = Entrance angle. With respect to the line C s C, which is always considered to be horizontal, this angle is prefixed with signs(left),+(right),+(up) or(down), according to the position of the source S ein relation to the axis NC, as seen when looking towards the r
46、eflex reflecting device. Forany direction defined by two angles, vertical and horizontal, the vertical angle is always given first. = Angular subtense of the measuring device R ras seen from pointC. = Angular subtense of the source S eas seen from pointC. & = Rotation angle. This angle is positive w
47、hen the rotation is clockwise as seen when looking towards the illuminative surface. If the reflex reflecting device is marked “TOP”, the position thus indicated is taken as the origin. D e D e D eBSAU47:1965 6 BSI 02-2000 Appendix B Simplified method for determining colour limits The colours are de
48、fined by the chromaticity co-ordinates of the corners of the area on the chromaticity diagram as follows: The colour shall have chromaticity co-ordinates which lie within the area formed by the straight lines defined by the pairs of points,1 and2,2 and3, the spectrum locus, and the line joining the
49、ends of thespectrum locus. Figure 2 Explanatory diagram Co-ordinate Point1 Point2 Point3 x 0.665 0.645 0.721 y 0.335 0.335 0.259blankBS AU 47:1965 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions BritishStandards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of BritishStandards should make sure that
