1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12715:2000 The Euro
2、pean Standard EN 12715:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 93.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Execution of special geotechnical work GroutingThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and C
3、ivil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 September 2000 BSI 09-2000 ISBN 0 580 34933 0 BS EN 12715:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard is the official English languag
4、e version of EN 12715:2000. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics, to Subcommittee B/526/4, Strengthened reinforced soils and other fills, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible Europ
5、ean committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.
6、 Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Elec
7、tronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This d
8、ocument comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 52, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12715 July 2000 ICS 93
9、.020 English version Execution of special geotechnical work Grouting Excution des travaux gotechniques spciaux Injection Ausfhrung von besonderen geotechnischen Arbeiten (Spezialtiefbau) Injektionen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 June 2000. CEN members are bound to comply with the C
10、EN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or t
11、o any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official version
12、s. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE
13、NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2000 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12715:2000 EPage 2 EN 12715:2000 BSI 09-2000 Contents Page Foreword. 3 1 Sco
14、pe 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Definitions and symbols. 5 3.1 Definitions 5 3.2 Symbols and units 7 4 Information needed. 7 5 Site investigation 8 5.1 General. 8 5.2 Permeability testing 9 5.3 Field grouting trials and grouting tests 10 6 Materials and products. 10 6.1 General. 10 6.2 Grout mater
15、ials 10 6.3 Grouts. 12 6.4 Sampling and testing 14 7 Design considerations 14 7.1 General. 14 7.2 Design basis and objectives 14 7.3 Grouting principles and methods . 15 7.4 Grout. 17 7.5 Grout placement 20 7.6 Monitoring and control criteria 22 8 Execution . 23 8.1 General. 23 8.2 Drilling 23 8.3 G
16、rout preparation 24 8.4 Grout placement 25 8.5 Grouting sequences . 27 9 Execution supervision and control . 27 9.1 General. 27 9.2 Supervision 27 9.3 Monitoring and control. 28 10 Works documentation 30 11 Special aspects (environment, site safety) 31 11.1 Personnel safety . 32 11.2 Environmental p
17、rotection. 32 Annex A (informative) Measurement of grout parameters . 34 Annex B (informative) Glossary 38 Annex C (informative) Degree of obligation of the provisions 47 Bibliography . 52Page 3 EN 12715:2000 BSI 09-2000 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC
18、 188, Execution of special geotechnical works, the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be
19、withdrawn at the latest by January 2001. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, It
20、aly, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. This standard has been prepared by the Working Group (WG 6) of the CEN/TC 288. The general remit of TC/288 is the standardization of the execution procedures for geotechnical works (including testing a
21、nd control methods) and of the required material properties. WG 6 has been charged with the subject area of grouting, including compaction grouting. The document has been prepared to stand alongside ENV 1997-1: EUROCODE 7: Geotechnics, Geotechnical Design, General Rules. This standard expands on des
22、ign only where necessary, but provides full coverage of the construction and supervision requirements. It has been drafted by a working group comprising delegates from 9 countries and against a background of more than ten pre-existing grouting standards and codes of practice, both national and inter
23、national. In view of the different construction methods used internationally and the respective experience, it may be necessary to supplement this standard, or parts of it, by National Application Documents to cater for specific or local situations. The annexes A, B and C are informative.Page 4 EN 1
24、2715:2000 BSI 09-2000 1 Scope This standard is applicable to the execution, testing and monitoring of geotechnical grouting work. Specific aspects concerning design are provided since ENV 1997-4 has been abandoned. Grouting for geotechnical purposes (geotechnical grouting) is a process in which the
25、remote placement of a pumpable material in the ground is indirectly controlled by adjusting its rheological characteristics and by the manipulation of the placement parameters (pressure, volume and the flow rate). The following principles and methods of geotechnical grouting are covered by this stan
26、dard: displacement grouting (compaction grouting, hydraulic fracturing); grouting without displacement of the host material (permeation, fissure grouting, bulk filling). Specialized grouting activities, generally associated with structural and/or emergency works, are not covered by this standard. 2
27、Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited in the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisio
28、ns of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement Part 1: Determination of strength. EN 196-2, Methods of testing
29、 cement Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement. EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness. ENV 196-4, Methods of testing cement Part 4: Quantitative determination of constituents. EN 196-5, Methods of testing cement Part 5: Pozzdanicity test for pozzolanic
30、cement. prEN 196-8:1997, Methods of testing cement Part 8: Determination of heat of hydration. prEN 196-9:1997, Methods of testing cement Part 9: Determination of heat of hydration Semi-adiabatic method. prEN 197-1:2000, Cement Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common c
31、ements. prEN 197-2:2000, Cement Part 2: Conformity evaluation. ENV 451, Methods of testing fly ash. EN 480-1, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Test methods Part 1: Reference concrete and reference mortar for testing. EN 480-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Test methods Part 2: D
32、etermination of setting time. prEN 480-3:1991, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Test methods Part 3: Determination of shrinkage and expansion. EN 480-4, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Test methods Part 4: Determination of bleeding of concrete.Page 5 EN 12715:2000 BSI 09-2000 EN 4
33、80-5, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Test methods Part 5: Determination of capillary absorption. EN 480-6, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Test methods Part 6: Infrared analysis. prEN 480-7:1991, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Test methods Part 7: Determination of the
34、 density of liquid admixtures. EN 480-8, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Test methods Part 8: Determination of the conventional dry material content. prEN 480-9:1991, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Test methods Part 9: Determination of the pH value. EN 480-10, Admixtures for con
35、crete, mortar and grout Test methods Part 10: Determination of water soluble chloride content. EN 480-11, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Test methods Part 11: Determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete. EN 480-12, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Test methods
36、Part 12: Determination of the alkali content of admixtures. prEN 934-1:1998, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout General definitions and general requirements for all types of admixtures. prEN 934-3:1998, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Part 3: Admixtures for masonry mortar Definition
37、s, requirements and conformity. EN 934-4, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Part 4: Admixtures for grout for prestressing tendons Definitions, requirements and conformity. EN 934-6, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout Part 6: Sampling, quality control, evaluation of conformity and mark
38、ing and labelling. ENV 1997-1:1994, EUROCODE 7: Geotechnical design Part 1: General rules. 3 Definitions and symbols 3.1 Definitions The definitions given in this chapter cover only the most important terms involved in geotechnical grouting. Further definitions are given in the glossary in annex B.
39、3.1.1 fr: injection de comblement bulk filling de: Hohlraumverfllung bulk filling is the placement of grout with a high particulate content to fill substantial voids 3.1.2 fr: injection solide compaction grouting de: Verdichtungsinjektion (Kompaktionsinjektion) displacement grouting method which aim
40、s at forcing a mortar of high internal friction into the soil to compact it without fracturing it 3.1.3 fr: injection de contact contact grouting de: Kontaktinjektion injection of grout into the interface between man-made structures and the groundPage 6 EN 12715:2000 BSI 09-2000 3.1.4 fr: injection
41、avec dplacement des terrains displacement grouting de: Verdrngungsinjektion injection of grout into a host medium in such a manner as to deform, compress, or displace the ground 3.1.5 fr: pression effective effective pressure de: wirksamer Druck actual grout pressure acting in the ground 3.1.6 fr: i
42、njection de fissure fissure grouting de: Kluftinjektion injection of grout into fissures, joints, fractures and discontinuities, particularly in rock 3.1.7 fr: injection gravitaire gravity grouting de: drucklose Verfllung grouting under no applied pressure other than the height of grout fluid. Somet
43、imes referred to as tremie grouting 3.1.8 fr: coulis grout de: Injektionsgut pumpable material (suspension, solution, emulsion or mortar), injected into soil or rock, which stiffens and sets with time 3.1.9 fr: pression dinjection grouting pressure de: Injektionsdruck pressure applied during the gro
44、uting process and measured at defined locations (usually at the pump or the borehole collar) 3.1.10 fr: fracturation hydraulique (injection de claquage) hydraulic fracturing (hydraulic fracture, de: Hydraulische Rissbildung (Claquage) claquage grouting) fracturing of a ground initiated by the inject
45、ion of water or grout under a pressure in excess of the local tensile strength and confining pressure; also called hydrofracturing, hydrosplitting, hydrojacking or claquage 3.1.11 fr: injection de pntration penetration grouting de: Eindringinjektion grout injection of joints or fractures in rock, or
46、 pore spaces in soil, without displacing the ground. The term includes permeation (impregnation), fissure and contact grouting 3.1.12 fr: injection dimprgnation permeation (impregnation) grouting de: Poreninjektion (Imprgntion durch Porenverfllung) replacement of interstitial water or gas of a porou
47、s medium with a grout at injection pressures low enough to prevent displacement 3.1.13 fr: injection sans dplacement des terrains non-displacement grouting de: Verdrngungsfreie Injektion (Injektion ohne Baugrundverdrngung) substitution of the natural interstitial fluid in the accessible existing voi
48、ds of the ground by a grout or mortar without any significant displacement of the ground. The term includes penetration grouting and bulk filling 3.1.14 fr: suspension stable stable suspension de: stabile Suspension stable suspensions exhibit in 2 hours less than 5 per cent bleeding of clear water a
49、t the top of a 1 000 ml cylinder with an internal diameter of 60 mm at a temperature of 20 CPage 7 EN 12715:2000 BSI 09-2000 3.2 Symbols and units The following symbols and units are used in this standard. Symbols Denomination Unit T Temperature C V Volume injected m 3 P Injection pressure Pa Q Injection or flow rate m 3 /s or l/s k Intrinsic (absolute) permeability 1) m 2 K Coefficient of hydraulic conductivity m/s i Hydraulic gradient
