1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12716:2001 Execution of special geotechnical works Jet grouting The European Standard EN 12716:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 93.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS EN 12716:2001 This British Standard, having been prepare
2、d under the direction of the Sector Committee for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 2001 BSI 07-2001 ISBN 0 580 36978 1 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN
3、 12716:2001. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics, to Subcommittee B/526/4, Strengthened reinforced soils and other fills, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request t
4、o its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BS
5、I Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enq
6、uirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document compris
7、es a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 35 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN12716
8、May2001 ICS93.020 Englishversion ExecutionofspecialgeotechnicalworksJetgrouting ExcutiondestravauxgotechniquesspciauxColonnes, panneauxetstructuresdesolcimentralissparjet AusfhrungvonbesonderengeotechnischenArbeiten (Spezialtiefbau)Dsenstrahlverfahren (Hochdruckinjektion,Hochdruckbodenvermrtelung, J
9、etting) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon16April2001. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standa
10、rdsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official
11、 versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESK
12、OMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2001CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN12716:2001EPage2 EN12716:2001 Contents page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normativereferences 4 3 Termsanddefinitions. .4 4 Specificneeds 11 5
13、 Geotechnicalinvestigation .12 6 Materials13 7 Designconsiderations . .14 7.1 General14 7.2 Geometry 17 7.3 StrengthandDeformationCharacteristics .17 7.4 Permeability17 8 Execution18 8.1 General18 8.2 Equipment.19 8.3 Preliminaryworks . .20 8.4 Drilling.20 8.5 Jetgrouting 21 8.6 SpoilReturn 21 8.7 P
14、lacingthereinforcement. 21 9 Supervision,testingandmonitoring . 21 9.1 General21 9.2 Preliminarytests . .22 9.3 Supervisionandprocesstesting . 22 9.4 Testingontheconstructedelements . .23 9.5 Monitoring.24 10 Executiondocuments 24 10.1 Documentsavailableonsite .24 10.2 Documentstobeproducedonsite. .
15、25 11 Specialrequirements. 25 11.1 Compliancewithnationalstandards . 25 11.2 Sitesafety .25 11.3 Protectionoftheenvironment 26 AnnexA (normative) Additionaldesignrequirements27 AnnexB (informative) Rangesofjetgroutingparameters28 AnnexC (informative) Indirecttests. .29 AnnexD (informative) Exampleso
16、fsiterecordsofjetgroutingworks.30 AnnexE (informative) Degreeofobligationoftheprovisions .33 Bibliography 35Page3 EN12716:2001 Foreword ThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN /TC 288,“Executionofspecial geotechnicalworks“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR. ThisEuropeanStandardsh
17、allbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyNovember2001,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byNovember2001. AnnexAisnormative,andtheannexesB,C,DandEareinformative. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenat
18、ionalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden, SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.Page4 EN12716:2001 1Scope ThisStan
19、dardisapplicabletotheexecution,testingandmonitoringofjetgroutingworks.Designconsiderations, strictlyrelatedtojetgroutingworksonly,aregiveninclause7.Moregeneralrequirementsthatcouldbeincluded in,orsubstitutedbyclausesoffutureeditionsofEurocode7arelistedinAnnexA. NOTE Thejetgroutingprocessesshouldbedi
20、stinguishedfromthegroutingprocessescoveredbyEN12715. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetextandthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamen
21、dmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). ENV1971:1992, CementComposition,specificationsandconformitycriteriaPart1:Commoncements prE
22、N1008:1997,MixingwaterforconcreteSpecificationforsampling,testingandassessingthesuitabilityof water,includingwashwaterfromrecyclinginstallationsintheconcreteindustry,asmixingwaterforconcrete ENV199211:1991, Eurocode2:DesignofconcretestructuresPart1:Generalrulesandrulesforbuildings ENV19971:1994, Eur
23、ocode7:GeotechnicaldesignPart1:Generalrules 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply: 3.1 jetgrouting thejetgroutingprocessconsistsofthedisaggregationofthesoilorweakrockanditsmixingwith,andpartial replacementby,acementingagent;thedisaggregationi
24、sachievedbymeansofahighenergyjetofafluidwhich canbethecementingagentitself 3.2 jetgroutedelement avolumeofsoiltreatedthroughasingleborehole.Themostcommonelementsare: jetgroutedcolumn:acylindricaljetgroutedelement(Fig.1a); jetgroutedpanel:aplanarjetgroutedelement(Fig.1b). 3.3 jetgroutedstructure anas
25、semblyofjetgroutedelementswhicharepartiallyorfullyinterlocked.Themostcommonstructuresformed are: jetgrouteddiaphragm:awallstructure(Fig.2a); jetgroutedslab:ahorizontalstructureformedbyessentiallyverticaljetgrouting(Fig.2b); jetgroutedcanopy:astructureformedbyhorizontaljetgroutingsee3.8below(Fig.2c);
26、 jetgroutedblock:athreedimensionalstructure.Page5 EN12716:2001 3.4 singlesystem thejetgroutingprocessinwhichthedisaggregationandcementationofsoilareachievedbyahighenergyjetofa singlefluid,usuallyacementgrout(Fig.3a) 3.5 double(air)system thejetgroutingprocessinwhichthedisaggregationandthecementation
27、ofsoilareachievedbyonehighenergy fluid(usuallyacementgrout)assistedbyanairjetshroudasasecondfluid(Fig.3b) 3.6 double(water)system thejetgroutingprocessinwhichthedisaggregationofthesoilisachievedbyahighenergywaterjetandits cementingissimultaneouslyobtainedbyaseparategroutjet(Fig.3c) 3.7 triplesystem
28、thejetgroutingprocessinwhichthedisaggregationofthesoilisachievedbyahighenergywaterjetassistedby anairjetshroud,anditscementingissimultaneouslyobtainedbyaseparategroutjet(Fig.3d) NOTE Inspecialcasesthewatercanbesubstitutedforotherappropriateliquidsorsuspensions. 3.8 horizontaljetgrouting treatmentper
29、formedfromahorizontalorsubhorizontalborehole(within20fromthehorizontalplane) 3.9 jetgroutingrig rotaryrigabletoautomaticallyregulatetherotationandtranslationofthejetgroutingstringandtool 3.10 jetgroutingstring jointedrods,withsimple,doubleortripleinnerconduit,whichconveythejetgroutingfluid(s)tothemo
30、nitor 3.11 monitor thetoolmountedattheendofthejetgroutingstring,toenablejettingofthefluidsintotheground 3.12 nozzle aspeciallymanufactureddevicefittedintothemonitoranddesignedtotransformthehighpressurefluidflowinthe stringintothehighspeedjetdirectedatthesoil 3.13 radiusofinfluence effectivedistanceo
31、fdisaggregationofsoilbythejet,measuredfromtheaxisofthemonitor 3.14 spoilreturn thesurplusmixtureofsoilparticlesandintroducedfluidsarisingfromthejetgroutingprocess,andnormallyflowing tothegroundsurfaceviatheannulusofthejettingborehole 3.15 jetgroutingparameters thejetgroutingparametersaredefined: pre
32、ssureofthefluid(s)withinthejetgroutingstring; flowrateofthefluid(s)withinthejetgroutingstring; groutcomposition; rotationspeedofthejetgroutingstring;Page6 EN12716:2001 rateofwithdrawalorinsertionofthejetgroutingstring. 3.16 prejetting themethodinwhichthejetgroutingofanelementisfacilitatedbyaprelimin
33、arydisaggregationphase,withajetof waterand/orotherfluids NOTE Prejettingisalsowidelyknownasprewashingorprecutting. 3.17 freshinfreshsequence thesequenceofworkinwhichthejetgroutedelementsareconstructedsuccessivelywithoutwaitingforthegrout tohardenintheoverlappingelements(Fig.4a) 3.18 primarysecondary
34、sequence thesequenceofworkinwhichtheexecutionofanoverlappingelementcannotcommencebeforeaspecified hardeningtimeorachievementofpredeterminedstrengthoftheadjacentelementspreviouslyconstructed(Fig.4b) 3.19 jetgroutedmaterial thematerialwhichconstitutesthebodyofajetgroutedelement 3.20 reinforcedjetgrout
35、ing jetgroutedcolumnsreinforcedbysteelorotherhighstrengthmaterialPage7 EN12716:2001 Figure1a)Jetgroutedcolumn Figure1b)Jetgroutedpanel Figure1Examplesofjetgroutedelements Figure2a)JetgrouteddiaphragmsPage8 EN12716:2001 Figure2b)Jetgroutedslab Figure2c)Jetgroutedcanopy Figure2Examplesofjetgroutedstru
36、ctures Key 1Monitor Figure3a)SinglesystemPage9 EN12716:2001 Key 1Monitor Figure3b)Double(air)system Key 1Monitor Figure3c)Double(water)systemPage10 EN12716:2001 Key 1Monitor Figure3d)Triplesystem Figure3Schemesofjetgroutingsystems Figure4a)Freshinfreshsequence Figure4b)Primarysecondarysequence Figur
37、e4WorksequencesPage11 EN12716:2001 4Specific needs 4.1 Thefollowinginformationshallbedeterminedpriortodesignorexecutionactivities: detaileddescriptionofthegroundprofileanditsgeotechnicalpropertieswithintheintendedextentof treatment; and,asappropriate: hydrogeologicalconditions; boundaryconditions(ad
38、jacentstructures,buriedstructuresandservices,overheadpowerlinesandotherworking restrictions,access); environmentalrequirements;inparticulardisposalofspoilreturn; acceptabledeformationofthestructurestobeunderpinnedorofadjacentstructures. 4.2 DesignassumptionsaccordingtoENV199711:1994clause2shallbever
39、ified,andmodifiedifnecessary, accordingtoinformationobtainedduringtheexecutionphase. 4.3 Duetothenatureofjetgroutingworks,theclient,themaincontractor,aspecialistcontractororaconsulting engineer,mayperformallorpartsofthedesign. 4.4 Theallocationofdesign,executionandsupervisionactivitiesandresponsibil
40、itiesofallthepartiesinvolved shallbelegiblyspecifiedinthecontractdocuments. 4.5 Designandexecutionshouldinclude,asappropriate,theactivitieslistedintable1.Theordershowndoes notnecessarilyrepresentatimesequence.Page12 EN12716:2001 Table1Recommendedlistofactivitiesinthedesignandexecutionofjetgrouting N
41、 Activity 1 Provisionofsiteinvestigationdataforexecutionofjetgroutingworks. 2 Decisiontousejetgrouting,preliminarytrialsandtestingifrequired;provisionofaspecification. 3 Acquisitionofalllegalauthorizationnecessaryfortheexecutionfromauthoritiesandthirdparties. 4 Overalldesignofjetgroutedstructureandd
42、efinitionofthegeotechnicalcategory. 5 Considerationoftherelevanttemporaryphasesofexecution. 6 Assessmentofthesiteinvestigationdatawithrespecttodesignassumptions. 7 Assessmentoftheconstructionfeasibilityofthedesign. 8 Executionoftrialsifrequiredandofanyrelevanttests. 9 Evaluationoftheresultsoftheprel
43、iminarytrialsandtests. 10 Selectionofjetgroutingsystem. 11 Assessmentofthejetgroutingsystemanddefinitionoftheworkingprocedures. 12 Definitionofthedimensions,locationandorientationofjetgroutedelements. 13 Instructionsregardingtheworkingsequenceifrequired. 14 Definitionoftheworkingsequence. 15 Instructiontoallpartiesinvolvedofkeyitemsinthedesigncriteriatowhichspecialattentionshouldbedirected. 16 Specificationformonitoringtheeffectsofjetgroutingworksonadjacentstructures(typeandaccuracyof instruments,frequencyofmeasurement)andforinterpretingtheresults. 17 Definitionoftolerablelimitsoftheeffect
