1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 16823:2014Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Transmission technique (ISO16823:2012)BS EN ISO 16823:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO16823:2014. It is identical to ISO 16823:2012. It supersedes BS
2、EN583-3:1997 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryp
3、rovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82684 9ICS 19.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published
4、 under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16823 March 2014 ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 583-3:1997English Version Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic t
5、esting - Transmission technique (ISO 16823:2012) Essais non destructifs - Contrle par ultrasons - Technique par transmission (ISO 16823:2012) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Ultraschallprfung - Durchschallungstechnik (ISO 16823:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2014. CEN member
6、s are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application
7、 to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Managemen
8、t Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Li
9、thuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17,
10、 B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16823:2014 EBS EN ISO 16823:2014EN ISO 16823:2014 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 16823:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destruct
11、ive testing” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 16823:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either
12、 by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN an
13、d/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 583-3:1997. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria,
14、 Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, S
15、witzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16823:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16823:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 16823:2014ISO 16823:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms an
16、d definitions .1 4 Principles of the examination 1 4.1 Basic techniques and set-up1 4.2 Capability of detection of imperfections.3 4.3 Requirements for geometry and access.4 4.4 Effects of variations in coupling, angulation and alignment of probe 4 5 Examination technique .4 5.1 General .4 5.2 Sensi
17、tivity setting4 5.3 Scanning.4 5.4 Evaluation of imperfections .4 5.5 Determination of attenuation coefficient 5 Introduction v BS EN ISO 16823:2014ISO 16823:2012(E) iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
18、 standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Internationa
19、l organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules
20、given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at lea
21、st 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16823 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135
22、, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 3, Ultrasonic testing. BS EN ISO 16823:2014ISO 16823:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard is based on EN 583-3:1997, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 3: Transmission technique. The following Inter
23、national Standards are linked. ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing General principles ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range setting ISO 16823, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Transmission technique ISO 16826, Non-destructive testing
24、Ultrasonic testing Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Characterization and sizing of discontinuities ISO 16828, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection an
25、d sizing of discontinuities BS EN ISO 16823:2014BS EN ISO 16823:201411 Scope This International Standard specifies the principles of transmission techniques. Transmission techniques can be used for: detection of imperfections; determination of attenuation. The general principles required for the use
26、 of ultrasonic examination of industrial products are described inISO 16810. The transmission technique is used for examination of flat products, e.g. plates and sheets. Further, it is used for examinations e.g.: where the shape, dimensions or orientation of possible imperfections are unfavourable f
27、or direct reflection; in materials with high attenuation; in thin products. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the refere
28、nced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5577, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic inspection Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5577 and EN 1330-4 apply. 4 Principles of the examination 4.1 Basic techniques and se
29、t-up In its simplest application two probes, one emitting and the second receiving, are placed so that the receiving probe receives the sound transmitted through the object. This can be achieved with straight beam probes or angle beam probes, see Table 2, e) to h). ISO 2012 All rights reservedINTERN
30、ATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16823:2012(E)Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Transmission technique EN 1330-4, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing BS EN ISO 16823:20142 Alternatively, the examination can be carried out using a single probe where the sound is
31、reflected on a surface of an object on the opposite side of the examination object or on the opposite surface of the examination object (back wall), see Table 2, a) to d). See also Table 1. Table 1 Techniques and typical set-ups used in transmission technique wave mode continuous waves pulsed waves
32、wave type longitudinal or transverse longitudinal or transverse number of transducers 2 1 or 2 angle of incidence normal normal or oblique evalution of amplitude of transmitted sound amplitude or time of flight of trans-mitted pulse or echo The decrease in amplitude of the transmitted signal can be
33、used to indicate the presence of a discontinuity located in the sound path, or to indicate material attenuation. In addition, the position of the transmitted signal along the timebase of the instrument can be used to indicate material thickness. Examination can be carried out with either continuous
34、or pulsed ultrasonic waves, except when the technique is used for thickness measurement where only pulsed ultrasonic waves apply. Straight beam or angle beam probes can be used depending on the scope of the examination. A probe can be coupled to the product by means of a couplant, a squirter, by imm
35、ersing the product or by applying a wheel probe. ISO 16823:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16823:20143Table 2 Possible configurations for transmission technique One probe Two probes Straight beam contact a) e) Angle beam contact b)f)Total immersion c) g) Local immersion (squirter) d)h)
36、 4.2 Capability of detection of imperfections When used for the detection of imperfections, any imperfection (or group of imperfections) shall intercept a significant proportion (i.e. 25 % to 50 %) of the cross-sectional area of the ultrasonic beam before an unambiguous change in signal amplitude is
37、 observed. This technique can only be used for detecting imperfections or groups of imperfections which are relatively large compared to the ultrasonic beam area, e.g. laminations in plate material. Within the limitations mentioned above, the technique provides positive proof of the absence of an im
38、perfection at any position along the sound path. However, it does not indicate the position in depth of a detected imperfection. ISO 16823:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reservedKey 1 probe 2 object 3 water BS EN ISO 16823:20144 4.3 Requirements for geometry and access The technique requires that the g
39、eometry of the object under examination and access to its surfaces allow the transmitting and receiving probes to be so positioned that their beam axes are coincident, either with or without intermediate reflection from a surface of the object. 4.4 Effects of variations in coupling, angulation and a
40、lignment of probe The technique is particularly sensitive to variations in probe coupling and misangulation due to surface irregularities, since these factors also cause a marked reduction in transmitted signal amplitude. To improve the uniformity of coupling immersion or squirter scanning is most f
41、requently used. Dressing of the surface to improve coupling uniformity can be necessary, especially for contact scanning. When using separate transmitting and receiving probes and/or a reflecting object on the opposite side of the object to be examined their positions in relation to each other are a
42、lso critical, and wherever possible they should be maintained in alignment by permanent orientation. 5 Examination technique 5.1 General The technique described under this clause refers to the detection of imperfections, and where applicable their size determination, and to the measurement of sound
43、attenuation in the material. 5.2 Sensitivity setting The test sensitivity shall be set on either a reference block of the same relevant dimensions, surface finish and similar ultrasonic properties as the object to be examined or on an area of the latter known to be free from imperfections and of kno
44、wn or previously determined attenuation in accordance with 5.5. The probes shall be maintained in alignment in ultrasonic contact with the block or object and the gain adjusted to set the transmitted signal to a specified level. For manual examination a level of 80 % full screen height is recommen-d
45、ed. 5.3 Scanning Scanning shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the applicable test procedure, at all times keeping the probes in correct alignment to each other and to the object under examination. 5.4 Evaluation of imperfections The evaluation of imperfections shall be done i
46、n accordance with the relevant International Standard. For imperfections whose transmitted signal amplitude during scanning is reduced to below the evaluation level, the evaluation criteria and requirements can be summarized as follows: a) confirm that the reduction in signal amplitude is not due to
47、 loss of coupling or to a normal geometrical feature of the object; b) measure the maximum reduction in transmitted signal amplitude. When the zone causing the signal reduction to fall below the evaluation level is smaller than the beam width, it is possible to relate the reduction in amplitude to t
48、he area of an imperfection, perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam, placed at a given depth; c) determine as accurately as possible the volume of the object through which the ultrasonic beam is being attenuated; d) determine if an imperfection is continuous or intermittent; ISO 16823:2012(E) ISO 2012
49、All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16823:20145e) if either a complete or a partial loss of the transmitted signal amplitude is observed, due to a single large imperfection, the extent of the imperfection may be plotted by noting those positions of the sound beam at which the transmitted signal amplitude has fallen by a given value (most frequently 6 dB) below its value in a zone of the object free of imperfections. 5.5 Determination of attenuation coefficient 5.5.1 General The energy loss, usually call
