1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 16827:2014Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Characterization and sizingof discontinuities (ISO16827:2012)BS EN ISO 16827:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO16827:2014. It is identical to ISO 16827:
2、2012. It supersedes BS EN583-5:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to inc
3、lude all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82683 2ICS 19.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British
4、 Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 16827 March 2014 ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 583-5:2000English Version Non-destructive
5、 testing - Ultrasonic testing - Characterization and sizing of discontinuities (ISO 16827:2012) Essais non destructifs - Contrle par ultrasons - Caractrisation et dimensionnement des discontinuits (ISO16827:2012) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Ultraschallprfung - Beschreibung und Grenbestimmung von Inhomo
6、genitten (ISO 16827:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lis
7、ts and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under
8、 the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yu
9、goslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROP
10、EN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 16827:2014 EBS EN ISO 16827:2014EN ISO 16827:2014 (E) 3 Fo
11、reword The text of ISO 16827:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 16827:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of whic
12、h is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn to the
13、 possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 583-5:2000. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standar
14、ds organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxe
15、mbourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 16827:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16827:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 16827:2014ISO 16827:2012(E) IS
16、O 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Principles of characterization of discontinuities .1 3.1 General .1 3.2 Requirements for surface condition2 4 Pulse echo techniques2 4.1 General .2 4.2 Location of discontinuity2 4.3 Orientation of discontinui
17、ty2 4.4 Assessment of multiple indications 3 4.5 Shape of discontinuity3 4.5.1 Simple classification.3 4.5.2 Detailed classification of shape.4 4.6 Maximum echo height of indication 4 4.7 Size of discontinuity4 4.7.1 General .4 4.7.2 Maximum echo height techniques.4 4.7.3 Probe movement sizing techn
18、iques 5 4.7.4 Selection of sizing techniques.5 4.7.5 Sizing techniques with focussing ultrasonic probes 6 4.7.6 Use of mathematical algorithms for sizing.6 4.7.7 Special sizing techniques.6 5 Transmission technique .7 5.1 General .7 5.2 Location of discontinuity7 5.3 Evaluation of multiple discontin
19、uities.7 5.4 Reduction of signal amplitude 8 5.5 Sizing of discontinuity 8 Annex A (normative) Analysis of multiple indications .12 A.1 Lateral characterisation12 A.2 Transverse (Through-thickness) characterisation 12 A.3 Shadow technique.12 Annex B (normative) Techniques for the classification of d
20、iscontinuity shape 14 B.1 Simple classification.14 B.1.1 General .14 B.1.2 Reconstruction technique 14 B.1.3 Echo envelope technique .14 B.2 Detailed classification.14 B.2.1 General .14 B.2.2 Echodynamic pattern technique15 B.2.3 Directional reflectivity.17 B.3 Combination of data17 Annex C (informa
21、tive) Maximum echo height sizing technique.25 C.1 Distance-gain-size (DGS) technique25 C.1.1 Principle25 C.1.2 Applications and limitations.25 C.2 Distance-amplitude-correction (DAC) curve technique 25 C.2.1 Principle25 Introductionvi BS EN ISO 16827:2014ISO 16827:2012(E) iv ISO 2012 All rights rese
22、rvedC.2.2 Applications and limitations.26 Annex D (normative) Probe movement sizing techniques .27 D.1 Fixed amplitude level techniques 27 D.1.1 Principle27 D.1.2 Application and limitations.27 D.2 6 dB drop from maximum technique .27 D.2.1 Principle27 D.2.2 Application and limitations.27 D.3 12 dB
23、or 20 dB drop from maximum technique28 D.3.1 Principle28 D.3.2 Application and limitations.28 D.4 Drop to noise level technique.28 D.4.1 Principle28 D.4.2 Application and limitations.28 D.5 6 dB drop tip location technique29 D.5.1 Principle29 D.5.2 Application and limitations.29 D.6 Beam axis tip lo
24、cation technique.29 D.6.1 Principle29 D.6.2 Application and limitations.29 D.7 20 dB drop tip location technique30 D.7.1 Principle30 D.7.2 Application and limitations.30 Annex E (normative) Iterative sizing technique .39 E.1 Scope 39 E.2 Normal incidence testing 39 E.2.1 Principle39 E.2.2 Adjustment
25、 of gain 39 E.2.3 Procedure .39 E.3 Oblique incidence testing .40 Annex F (normative) Mathematical algorithms for the estimation of the actual size of a discontinuity.45 F.1 Large planar discontinuities.45 F.2 Small planar discontinuities .46 F.3 Planar discontinuities in a cylindrical test object 4
26、8 Annex G (informative) Examples of special sizing techniques 50 G.1 Tip diffraction techniques.50 G.2 Synthetic aperture focussing technique (SAFT) 51 BS EN ISO 16827:2014ISO 16827:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
27、 federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that
28、committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in acc
29、ordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requ
30、ires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16827 was prepared by Technic
31、al Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 3, Ultrasonic testing. BS EN ISO 16827:2014ISO 16827:2012(E) vi ISO 2012 All rights reservedIntroduction This International Standard is based on EN 583-5:2000+A1:2003, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic examination Part 5: Characteriz
32、ation and sizing of discontinuities. The following International Standards are linked. ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing General principles ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range setting ISO 16823, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Tr
33、ansmission technique ISO 16826, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Characterization and sizing of discontinuities ISO 16828, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Time-of-f
34、light diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities BS EN ISO 16827:201411 Scope This document specifies the general principles and techniques for the characterization and sizing of previously detected discontinuities in order to ensure their evaluation against applic
35、able acceptance criteria. It is applicable, in general terms, to discontinuities in those materials and applications covered by ISO 16810. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited ap
36、plies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 16810:2012, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing General principles ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range setting ISO 16823, Non-destructiv
37、e testing Ultrasonic testing Transmission technique ISO 16828, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities ISO 23279, Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing Characterization of indications in wel
38、ds 3 Principles of characterization of discontinuities 3.1 General Characterization of a discontinuity involves the determination of those features which are necessary for its evaluation with respect to known acceptance criteria. Characterization of a discontinuity may include: a) determination of b
39、asic ultrasonic parameters (echo height, time of flight); b) determination of its basic shape and orientation; c) sizing, which may take the form of either: i) the measurement of one or more dimensions (or area/volume), within the limitations of the methods; or ii) the measurement of some agreed par
40、ameter e.g. echo height, where this is taken as representative of its physical size; d) location e.g. the proximity to the surface or to other discontinuities; e) determination of any other parameters or characteristics that may be necessary for complete evaluation; INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16827:
41、2012(E)Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Characterization and sizing of discontinuities ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 16827:20142 f) assessment of probable nature, e.g. crack or inclusion, where adequate knowledge of the test object and its manufacturing history makes this feasible.
42、 Where the examination of a test object in accordance with the principles of ISO 16810 yields sufficient data on the discontinuity for its evaluation against the applicable acceptance criteria, no further characterization is necessary. The techniques used for characterization shall be specified in c
43、onjunction with the applicable acceptance criteria. 3.2 Requirements for surface condition The surface finish and profile shall be such that it permits sizing of discontinuities with the desired accuracy. In general the smoother and flatter the surface the more accurate the results will be. For most
44、 practical purposes a surface finish of Ra= 6,3 m for machined surfaces and 12,5 m for shotblasted surfaces are recommended. The gap between the probe and the surface should not exceed 0,5 mm. The above surface requirements should normally be limited to those areas from which sizing is to be carried
45、 out as, in general, they are unnecessary for discontinuity detection. The method of surface preparation shall not produce a surface that gives rise to a high level of surface noise. 4 Pulse echo techniques 4.1 General The principal ultrasonic characteristics/parameters of a discontinuity that are m
46、ost commonly used for evaluation by the pulse echo techniques are described in 4.2 to 4.7 inclusive. The characteristics/parameters to be determined shall be defined in the applicable standard or any relevant contractual document, and shall meet the requirements of 10.1 of ISO 16810:2012. 4.2 Locati
47、on of discontinuity The location of a discontinuity is defined as its position within a test object with respect to an agreed system of reference co-ordinates. It shall be determined in relation to one or more datum points and with reference to the index point and beam angle of the probe, and measur
48、ement of the probe position and beam path length at which the maximum echo height is observed. Depending on the geometry of the test object under examination, and the type of discontinuity, it may be necessary to confirm the location of the discontinuity from another direction, or with another probe
49、 angle, to ensure that the echo is not caused e.g. by a wave mode change at a geometrical feature of the test object. 4.3 Orientation of discontinuity The orientation of a discontinuity is defined as the direction or plane along which the discontinuity has its major axis (axes) with respect to a datum reference on the test object. The orientation can be determined by a geometrical reconstruction analogous to that described for location, with the difference that more beam angles and/or scanning direc
