1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 10294-3:1999 Fire resistance tests Fire dampers for air distribution systems Part 3: Guidance on the test method ICS 13.220.50; 91.140.30BSISO10294-3:1999 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the Health and Environment Sector Committee, was publish
2、ed under the authorityof the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15October1999 BSI 04-2000 ISBN 0 580 35279 X National foreword This BritishStandard reproduces verbatim ISO10294-3:1999 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Te
3、chnical Committee FSH/22, Fire resistance tests, to Subcommittee FSH/22/4, Test procedures for dampers, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and
4、 keep theUKinterests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The BritishStandards which implement international publications
5、 referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
6、of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, theISO title page, pages
7、 ii to iv, pages1 to8, an inside back cover and a backcover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO10294-3:1
8、999 BSI 04-2000 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO10294-3 1ii blankBSISO10294-3:1999 ii BSI 04-2000 Contents Page Foreword iii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Philosophy 1 3.1 General 1 3.2 Fan on/off 1 3.3 Installation practice 2 3.4 Insulation 2 3.5
9、Integrity 2 4 Principles of test 2 5 Apparatus 2 5.1 General 2 5.2 Connecting duct 2 5.3 Measuring station 2 5.3.1 General 2 5.3.2 Volumetric flow 2 5.3.3 Different measuring device 5 5.3.4 Classifying dampers for the S classification 5 5.3.5 Dampers installed in a floor 5 5.4 Exhaust fan system 5 5
10、.5 Gas temperature adjacent to flow measuring device 5 6 Test construction 5 6.1 General 5 6.1.1 Side to be tested 5 6.1.2 Dampers installed in both walls and floors 6 6.1.3 Dampers installed within a structural opening 6 6.1.4 Dampers mounted onto a face of wall or floor 6 6.1.5 Dampers remote from
11、 wall or floor 6 6.1.6 Minimum separation between dampers 6 6.2 Size of specimen 6 6.3 Thermal release mechanism 6 6.4 Specimen installation 6 6.5 Supporting construction 6 6.6 Conditioning 6 6.7 Number of tests required 6 7 Determination of leakage of connecting duct and measuring station 7 8 Deter
12、mination of leakage at ambient temperature 7 9 Fire test 7 10 Test report 8 11 Commentary on criteria and classification in ISO10294-2 8 Bibliography Inside back cover Figure 1 Dynamic viscosity of dry air versus temperature 4 Table 1 Dynamic viscosity of dry air versus temperature 3 Table 2 Fire da
13、mper standard installation application 7 Table 3 Fire damper special installation application 7BSISO10294-3:1999 BSI 04-2000 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Interna
14、tional Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with
15、ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part3. International Standard ISO10
16、294-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC2, Fire resistance. Preparation of this part of ISO10294 was necessary because of the need to provide a background to the test method and a rationale to the procedures and the criteria selected with respect to the testin
17、g of fire dampers as given in ISO10294-1:1996. ISO10294 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire-resistance tests Elements of building construction: Part1: Test method; Part2: Classification, criteria and field of application of test results; Part3: Guidance on the test method;
18、Part4: Thermal release mechanism test.iv blankBSISO10294-3:1999 BSI 04-2000 1 1 Scope This part of ISO10294 gives guidance on the application of the test method specified in ISO10294-1:1996. This test method is concerned with the assessment of a fire damper to prevent the spread of fire and hot gase
19、s from one compartment to another. It is not intended for dampers used only in smoke control systems. It is applicable to fire dampers included in an air distribution system. The test is not designed to test fire protection devices which only deal with air transfer applications, or when a damper is
20、used in suspended ceilings as the installation of the damper and duct may have an adverse effect on the performance of the suspended ceiling and other methods of evaluation may be required. NOTE“Air transfer” is a low-pressure application through a fire separation door (or wall, floor) without any c
21、onnection to an air duct. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO10294. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. Howeve
22、r, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO10294 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC main
23、tain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO834-1:, Fire-resistance tests Elements of building construction Part1: General requirements 1) . ISO10294-1:1996, Fire resistance tests Fire dampers for air distribution systems Part1: Test method. ISO10294-2, Fire resistance tests Fire d
24、ampers for air distribution systems Part2: Classification, criteria and field of application of test results. ISO5167-1, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices Part1: Orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full. 3 Ph
25、ilosophy 3.1 General The test described in ISO10294-1:1996 is designed to measure the ability of a damper to: a) close in the event of a fire under dynamic conditions; b) to resist the spread of fire and gases from one compartment to another through an air distribution system. During the early stage
26、s of developing the test, the requirements for air distribution systems in various countries were examined in relation to spread of fire, and it became clear that the design philosophy (seealsoclause4 of ISO10294-1:1996) varied considerably from country to country. The principle differences in philo
27、sophy and practice that were identified are as given in3.2 to3.5. 3.2 Fan on/off Design philosophies vary. In some applications, air distribution systems are designed so that in the event of a fire occurring the fans switch off. Others are required to continue to provide air handling to parts of the
28、 building remote from the fire. In such a situation, the dampers have to close under dynamic conditions and, once they are closed, they may be subjected to high underpressures with a corresponding higher risk of leakage and consequently with potentially more rapid spread of fire. It cannot be guaran
29、teed under fire conditions that a fan will be off and therefore a dynamic condition may exist. A system failure can occur and the fan may not switch off. Therefore it is considered to be important to test the damper under dynamic conditions. The standard underpressure of300Pa was chosen as it corres
30、ponded to the underpressure used in ISO6944:1985. This was considered adequate to cover most applications. It was recognized that for special industrial applications dampers may be designed to withstand higher underpressures. To allow for these special applications, allowance has been made to allow
31、the test to be undertaken at increased underpressures. The0,15m/s fire test velocity is a compromise between the need for a dynamic air flow test and fire safety within the fire test laboratory. For these safety reasons, closure testing at higher velocities/pressures, if considered necessary, should
32、 be carried out under ambient air flow conditions and not when the furnace is ignited at high temperatures. 1) To be published.BSISO10294-3:1999 2 BSI 04-2000 It must be recognized that dynamic conditions at the damper can result from mechanical sources or a combination of temperature and stack effe
33、cts, hence all fire dampers shall be tested to the requirements of ISO10294-1:1996. 3.3 Installation practice Some countries and some design practices require that the dampers be installed within the plane of the wall and floor and do not permit the damper to be remote from the separating constructi
34、on. Other countries or design practices allow the damper to be installed either on the face or remote from the wall or floor. The test method provides guidance for testing all such possible installations but it is only necessary to test the installation method(s) applicable to the individual country
35、 concerned. 3.4 Insulation Dampers are available both insulated and uninsulated. The method provides for the testing of all types of dampers. 3.5 Integrity Measurement of integrity is based on measurement of gap leakage through the damper, together with conventional integrity measurements around the
36、 outside perimeter. The dynamic leakage measurements of ISO10294-1:1996 give a more precise indication of integrity performance. 4 Principles of test The basic philosophy behind the test is described in3.1. Prior to the determination of leakage the damper is subjected to50 opening and closing cycles
37、. This isintended to represent approximately twoinspections per year on an installed damper to check its correct operation. This number of cycles may be inadequate for dampers which provide an air flow control function. The fire test is started with the damper in the open position. This is intended
38、to test the primary actuating mechanism attached to the damper. Secondary control devices remote from the damper are not covered by this test. It is considered important to start the test in this way as not only does it test the actuating mechanism, but it also checks that during the time that the d
39、amper remains open it does not distort and prevent closure once the actuating mechanism operates. Whilst some difficulties may be experienced in controlling the furnace temperature and pressure whilst the damper is open, there is adequate time provided the damper closes within the specified time of2
40、 min, to be within the defined limits of the time-temperature curve defined in ISO834-1 at5min. See also clause4 of ISO10294-1:1996. 5 Apparatus 5.1 General In general the information on furnace conditions and temperature measurements given in ISO834-1 are adequate and require no further elaboration
41、. However, some additional elaboration is needed with respect to flow measurements in ISO5167-1 and ISO5221 and this is detailed in5.3. See also clause5 of ISO10294-1:1996. 5.2 Connecting duct It is considered important to relate the length of the connecting duct to the diagonal dimension of the dam
42、per as differences in performance could occur under some circumstances. In practice most sizes of dampers tested would mean that the length of the connecting duct would equal the diagonal dimension of the damper. However, the maximum length limit of2m was included to take into account size limitatio
43、ns within the test laboratory. See also3.4 and5.1 of ISO10294-1:1996. 5.3 Measuring station 5.3.1 General See5.2 of ISO10294-1:1996. 5.3.2 Volumetric flow For the measurement of the volumetric flow in accordance with ISO5167-1 and ISO5221, the density of the fluid is needed. 5.3.2.1 Flue gas The flu
44、e gas from a furnace contains N 2and CO 2aswell as H 2 O in unknown concentrations. However, for calculation purposes the gas may be treated as dry air and the density may be calculated from the law of ideal gases: (1) where R is the gas constant for air, in J/(kgK); V is the specific volume, in m 3
45、 /kg; is the density of dry air at absolute pressure p and absolute temperature T.BSISO10294-3:1999 BSI 04-2000 3 From this follows: where 0is the density of dry air at absolute pressure p 0and absolute temperature T 0 . Generally the condition index “0” is defined as0 C (T 0 =273,15K) andp 0 =1013,
46、25hPa(=760torr), so that 0 =1,293kg/m 3shall be used. 5.3.2.2 Absolute pressure (barometric pressure) The barometric pressure shall be measured by means of a barometer. In cases where a barometer is not available and the level Z (in metres) of the laboratory above sea level does not exceed500m, the
47、use of the mean value of barometric pressure according to the following formula is recommended: where Z is the level, in metres, of the laboratory above sea level. NOTECommon weather conditions may cause deviations of about1% related to the mean barometric pressure. In extreme weather conditions, th
48、e deviations may rise to about3% (e.g.severe winds, etc.). 5.3.2.3 Viscosity The actual viscosity is required when the Reynolds number Re needs to be calculated. The kinematic viscosity v depends on temperature and pressure. The dynamic viscosity is independent of pressure. It only depends on temper
49、ature. The relationship between the two viscosities is defined as The dynamic viscosity is given in the form of a table, a graph and as a formula, inTable 1,Figure 1 and equation(5). Table 1 Dynamic viscosity of dry air versustemperature (2) (3) (4) p a 1013 Z 8 - hPa = Temperature, t C Absolute temperature, T K Dynamic viscosity, 10 6 kg/(ms) 50 223,15 14,7 0 273,15 17,2 20 293,15 18,2 40 313,15 19,1 60 333,15 20 80 353,15 21 100 373,15 21,8 120 393,15 22,7 140 413,15 23,5 160 433,15 24,3 180 453,15 25,1 200 473,15 25,8 2
