1、Designation: F1060 08F1060 16Standard Test Method forThermal Protective Performance of Materials for ProtectiveClothing for Hot Surface ContactEvaluation of Conductiveand Compressive Heat Resistance (CCHR)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1060; the number immediately following th
2、e designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used
3、 to measure the thermal insulation of materials used in protective clothing when exposed for a shortperiod of time to a hot surface with a temperature up to 600F (316C).1.2 This test method is applicable to materials used in the construction of protective clothing, including, but not limited to:wove
4、n fabrics, knit fabrics, battings, sheet structures, and material composites, intended for use as clothing for protection againstexposure to hot surfaces.1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto heat under controll
5、ed laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the thermal hazard or fire risk ofmaterials, products, or assemblies under actual exposure conditions.1.4 The values as stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information o
6、nly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced
7、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of TextilesF1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsIn testing thermal protection
8、 clothing material, the response to hot surface contact is indicated by the followingdescriptive terms:3.1.1 charringthe formation of a carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.3.1.2 embrittlementthe formation of a brittle residue as a result of pyrolysis or incomplet
9、e combustion.3.1.3 heat fluxthe thermal intensity indicated by the amount of energy transmitted divided by area and time, W/m2 (cal/cm2s).3.1.4 human tissue heat tolerance (heat tolerance)in the testing of thermal protective materials, the amount of thermal energypredicted to cause a second-degree b
10、urn injury in human tissue.3.1.5 ignitionthe initiation of combustion.3.1.6 meltinga material response evidenced by softening of the polymer.3.1.7 shrinkagea decrease in one or more dimensions of an object or material.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Pro
11、tective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.80 on Flame and Thermal.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008Aug. 1, 2016. Published February 2008September 2016. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20052008as F1060 - 05.F1060 - 08. DOI: 1
12、0.1520/F1060-08.10.1520/F1060-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM
13、 standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all
14、 cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.8 stickinga material response evidenced by softening and adherence of th
15、e material to the surface of itself or anothermaterial.3.1.9 thermal end pointin the testing of thermal protective materials, the point where the copper slug calorimeter sensorresponse (heat energy measured) intersects with a predicted skin burn injury model.3.2 For all terminology related to protec
16、tive clothing, see Terminology F1494.3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method measures the performance of insulative materials. A material is placed in contact with a standard hotsurface. The amount o
17、f heat transmitted by the material is compared with the human tissue tolerance and the obvious effects ofthe heat on the material are noted.4.2 The temperature of the hot surface is measured/controlled with a thermocouple and the heat transmitted by the test specimenis measured with a copper calorim
18、eter. The calorimeter temperature increase is a direct measure of the heat energy received.4.3 A contact pressure of 3 kPa (0.5 psi) is used to compare material performance under controlled conditions. If a differentpressure is chosen to represent a specific use condition, where it is used should be
19、 noted under test conditions (13.1.2.3).4.4 The material performance is determined from the amount of heat transferred by the specimen and the observed effect of theheat exposure on the specimen. The thermal protection is the exposure time required to cause the accumulated heat received bythe sensor
20、 to equal the heat that will result in a pain sensation (see Table 1) or cause a second degree burn in human tissue (seeTable 2), as predicted from comparison of heat transfer data with human tissue heat tolerance curves (see Table 1 and Table 2).5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method rates mat
21、erials intended for use as protective clothing against exposure to hot surfaces, for their thermalinsulating properties and their reaction to the test conditions.5.2 The thermal protection time as determined by this test method relates to the actual end-use performance only to the degreethat the end
22、-use exposure is identical to the exposure used in this test method; that is, the hot surface test temperature is the sameas the actual end-use temperature and the test pressure is the same as the end-use pressure.5.2.1 Higher pressures, beyond the 3 kPa (0.5 psi) pressure provided by the calorimete
23、r assembly in this test method shall bepermitted to be used in this test method to simulate the conditions of protective clothing use.5.3 The procedure maintains the specimen in a static, horizontal position under a standard pressure and does not involvemovement.5.4 One of the intended applications
24、for this test method is comparing the relative performance of different materials.5.5 This test method is limited to short exposure because the model used to predict burn injury is limited to predictions oftime-to-burn for up to 30 seconds, and predictions of time-to-pain for up to 50 seconds. The u
25、se of this test method for longer hotsurface exposures requires a different model for determining burn injury or a different basis for reporting test results.6. Apparatus6.1 General ArrangementThe arrangement of the individual components of the test apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.6.1.1 Alternatively,
26、transmit temperature output readings to a data acquisition unit, then computer process to obtain the testresult.6.2 Hot PlateShall have a flat heated surface with the smallest dimension, a minimum of at least 200 mm (8 in.) and havethe ability to achieve a temperature of at least 371C (700F) and to
27、permit temperature control within 2.8C (65F).TABLE 1 Human Tissue Tolerance to Pain SensationExposureTimeHeat Flux Total Heat Calorimeter Equivalentcal/cm2sec W/cm2 cal/cm2s W sec/cm2 T, F T, C mV1.0 0.640 2.70 0.640 2.70 8.53 4.74 0.2501.5 0.475 2.00 0.713 3.00 9.51 5.28 0.2752.0 0.385 1.61 0.770 3
28、.22 10.27 5.71 0.2933.0 0.280 1.17 0.840 3.51 11.20 6.22 0.3225.0 0.195 0.82 0.975 4.08 13.00 7.22 0.3757.0 0.155 0.65 1.085 4.54 14.47 8.04 0.42010.0 0.118 0.49 1.180 4.94 15.73 8.74 0.45820.0 0.076 0.32 1.520 6.36 20.27 11.26 0.58230.0 0.060 0.25 1.800 7.53 24.00 13.33 0.69050.0 0.060 0.25 3.000 1
29、2.55 40.00 22.22 1.150F1060 1626.3 Surface plate The flat plate shall be 6.4 mm (14 in.) thick, 140 by 140 mm (5.5 by 5.5 in.) wide, with a 2.4 mm (332 in.)hole drilled from the edge to the center of the plate (Fig. 2). Use either electrolytic copper or T-1100 aluminum surface plates. Thesurface pla
30、te must be flat, smooth, and free from pits and cavities. (Flatness is indicated by negligible light passing between astraight edge and the plate surface.) Loss of the original mill finish (as judged with the naked eye) or warping, or both, may resultin failure to achieve calibration with the refere
31、nce standard.6.4 SensorA copper calorimeter mounted in an insulating block with added weight and constructed as shown in Figs. 3 and4 with the standard characteristics listed below. The following equations permit the determination of the total incident heat energyfrom the copper calorimeter:q 5mass3
32、Cp 3Tempfinal2Tempinitial!area3timefinal2timeinitial!(1)TABLE 2 Human TissueA Tolerance to Second Degree BurnExposureTime, sHeat Flux Total Heat CalorimeterB Equivalent,mVcal/cm2s W/cm2 cal/cm2s W/cm2 T, F T, C(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)1 1.2 5.0 1.20 5.0 16.0 8.9 0.462 0.73 3.1 1.46 6.1 19.5 10
33、.8 0.573 0.55 2.3 1.65 6.9 22.0 12.2 0.634 0.45 1.9 1.80 7.5 24.0 13.3 0.695 0.38 1.6 1.90 8.0 25.3 14.1 0.726 0.34 1.4 2.04 8.5 27.2 15.1 0.787 0.30 1.3 2.10 8.8 28.0 15.5 0.808 0.274 1.15 2.19 9.2 29.2 16.2 0.839 0.252 1.06 2.27 9.5 30.2 16.8 0.8610 0.233 0.98 2.33 9.8 31.1 17.3 0.8911 0.219 0.92
34、2.41 10.1 32.1 17.8 0.9212 0.205 0.86 2.46 10.3 32.8 18.2 0.9413 0.194 0.81 2.52 10.6 33.6 18.7 0.9714 0.184 0.77 2.58 10.8 34.3 19.1 0.9915 0.177 0.74 2.66 11.1 35.4 19.7 1.0216 0.168 0.70 2.69 11.3 35.8 19.8 1.0317 0.160 0.67 2.72 11.4 36.3 20.2 1.0418 0.154 0.64 2.77 11.6 37.0 20.6 1.0619 0.148 0
35、.62 2.81 11.8 37.5 20.8 1.0820 0.143 0.60 2.86 12.0 38.1 21.1 1.1025 0.122 0.51 3.05 12.8 40.7 22.6 1.1730 0.107 0.45 3.21 13.4 42.8 23.8 1.23A Stoll, A. M. and Chianta, M. A., “Method and Rating System for Evaluations of Thermal Protection,” Aerospace Medicine, Vol 40, 1969, pp. 12321238 and Stoll,
36、 A. M.and Chianta, M. A., Heat Transfer through Fabrics as Related to Thermal Injury, “Transaction-New York Academy of Sciences,” Vol 33 (7), Nov. 1971, pp 649670.B A calorimeter with an iron/constantan thermocouple.FIG. 1 Thermal Protective Performance Apparatus, Hot Surface ContactF1060 163Materia
37、l: Electrolytic Copper or T-1100 aluminumFIG. 2 Surface PlateFIG. 3 Details of Calorimeter ConstructionF1060 164where:q = heat flux (cal/cm2s),mass = mass of the copper disk/slug (g),Cp = heat capacity of copper (0.09426 cal/gC at 100C),tempfinal = final temperature of copper disk/slug attimefinal (
38、C),tempinitial = initial temperature of copper disk/slug at timeinitial (C),area = area of the exposed copper disk/slug (cm2),timefinal = ending time (s), andtimeinitial = starting time (s).For a copper disk/slug that has a mass of 18.0 g and exposed area of 12.57 cm2, the determination of heat flux
39、 reduces to:q 50.1353Tempfinal2Tempinitial!timefinal2timeinitial!(2)If you use a copper disk/slug with a different mass, or exposed area, or both, the constant factor should be adjusted corre-spondingly. Also note that a different mass/surface area sensor will give different rates of temperature cha
40、nge to incident heatenergy so the calculations made later will need to note this and make appropriate changes to correct (for example, see 10.3,12.1.2, 13.1.3.1). The calorimeter must fit securely in the insulating block and its surface must be flush with the face of theinsulating block. (WarningSur
41、face variations may result in failure to achieve calibration with the reference standard.)6.5 Calibration SpecimenSix new, not previously tested sheets of ordinary newspaper with total thickness of 0.53 6 0.05 mm(0.021 6 0.002 in.).6.6 RecorderAny strip chart recorder with full-scale deflection of a
42、t least 150C (300F) or 10 mV and sufficient sensitivityand scale divisions to read sensor response to 1C (62F) or 60.05 mV.Achart speed to read exposure time to 60.1 s is required,13 mm/s (0.5 in./s) is satisfactory.7. Hazards7.1 Perform the test in a hood or a ventilated area to carry away degradat
43、ion products, smoke, and fumes. Exercise care toprevent contact with hot surfaces. Use protective gloves when handling hot objects. Have an appropriate portable fire extinguishernearby.8. Sampling8.1 Lot SizeFor acceptance sampling purposes, a lot is defined as a single shipment of a single style of
44、 fabric.Alot constitutesall or part of a single customer order.8.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at random the number of rolls of fabric directed in an applicablematerial specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.8.3 Laboratory SampleAs a labora
45、tory sample, take from the outside of each roll in the lot sample a full width swatch of fabric1 m (1 yd) long after discarding a full width length of at least 1 m (1 yd) from the very outside of each roll.NOTE 1Grind steel block to give total assembly weight of 3.125 6 .025 lb. (1417.5 6 11 gr).FIG
46、. 4 Details of Calorimeter and Weight AssemblyF1060 1659. Specimen Preparation9.1 Cut and identify five test specimens from each swatch in the laboratory sample. Make each test specimen 100 by 150 62 mm (4 by 6 6 116 in.) with two of the sides of the specimen parallel with the warp yarns in woven fa
47、bric samples, with the walesin knit fabric samples, or with the length of the fabric in batts or sheet structure. Do not cut samples closer than 2 % of the fabricwidth from the selvage. Cut specimens from a diagonal zone across the sample swatch so as to get as representative a sample ofall yarns pr
48、esent as practical.9.2 Alternatively cut test specimens from a finished garment. Cut specimens using the orientation indicated in 9.1. Testspecimen shall not include any seam.9.3 Bring the specimens to a controlled moisture content by preconditioning in a 48.9C (120F) oven for 4 h and then exposingt
49、o a standard atmosphere for testing textiles, that is, in air maintained at a relative humidity of 65 6 2 % and at a temperature of21 6 1C (70 6 2F) for at least 4 h. See the portion of the Definitions Section of Practice D1776D1776/D1776M containing thedefinitions for “standard atmosphere for preconditioning textiles” and for “standard atmosphere for testing textiles.”10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 ApparatusCenter the surface plate on the hot plate and place a thermocouple in the thermocouple (T/C) well
