1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15794:2001 ICS 53.
2、060 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Bi-directional and multi-directional fork-lift trucks Stability testsThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Comm
3、ittee and comes into effect on 15 April 2001 BSI 04-2001 ISBN 0 580 36902 1 BS ISO 15794:2001 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15794:2001 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in i
4、ts preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/7, Industrial trucks Safety, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK intere
5、sts informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in thi
6、s document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. User
7、s of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii and iii, a blank page, pages
8、 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Reference number ISO 15794:2001(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15794 First edition 2001-02-15 Bi-directional and multi-directional fork-lift trucks Stabilit
9、y tests Chariots lvateurs fourche bi-directionnelle et multi-directionnelle Essais de stabilitISO 15794:2001(E) ii ISO 15794:2001(E)iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing
10、International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaiso
11、n with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International
12、Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standar
13、d may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 15794 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 110, Industrial trucks, Subcommittee SC 2, Safety of powered industrial trucks. This International Stand
14、ard has been prepared using EEC 89/240 Method 6 as a basis.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15794:2001(E)1 Bi-directional and multi-directional fork-lift trucks Stability tests 1 Scope This International Standard specifies basic tests to verify the stability of bi-directional and multi-directional fork-li
15、ft trucks with tiltable or non-tiltable mast or fork arms. It is applicable to trucks fitted with fork arms and/or attachments. This International Standard is not applicable to trucks that handle suspended loads that can swing freely. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain
16、provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to inves
17、tigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 5353:1995, Earth
18、-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry Seat index point. ISO 5767:1992, Industrial trucks operating in special condition of stacking with the mast tilted forward Additional stability test. ISO 10658:1996, Industrial trucks operating in special conditions of stacki
19、ng with load laterally displaced by powered devices Additional stability test. 3 Purpose of tests 3.1 Normal operating conditions The basic tests specified in this International Standard ensure that the type of truck specified has satisfactory stability when reasonably and appropriately used under n
20、ormal operating conditions, as follows: a) operating (travelling and stacking) on substantially firm, smooth, level and prepared surfaces; b) travelling with the mast or fork arms tilted backwards and the load in the lowered (travelling) position; c) stacking with the mast substantially vertical and
21、 the fork arms substantially horizontal; d) operating with the load centre of gravity approximately on the centre plane of the truck. 3.2 Operating in conditions other than normal When the operating conditions differ from those specified in 3.1, it is necessary to use either a) a truck complying wit
22、h other International Standards covering different specific conditions, such as ISO 5767 or ISO 10658, orISO 15794:2001(E) 2 b) a truck whose stability has been agreed upon between the interested parties; this agreed stability shall not be less than that required by the tests specified for normal op
23、erating conditions in 3.1. 4 Stability tests 4.1 Test requirements The stability of bi-directional and multi-directional fork-lift trucks shall be verified by one of the procedures specified in 4.2. 4.2 Verification procedure 4.2.1 Tilting platform Use a test platform that can be tilted about one si
24、de. Place the truck being tested for stability on the initially horizontal test platform, in accordance with 4.3 and, successively, in each of the positions described in Table 3. In each of the tests, tilt the test platform tilted slowly to the slope specified in Table 3. The truck is considered sta
25、ble if it passes all tests without overturning. For the purposes of the tests, overturning is defined as the test platform slope value that, if increased, would cause the truck to overturn. It is permissible in lateral tests for one load wheel to lose contact with the test platform. It is acceptable
26、 for parts of the structure or designed features to make contact with the test platform. 4.2.2 Fixed slope Use fixed slopes with inclinations equivalent to the specified test slope. The slope surface shall be smooth and capable of supporting the truck mass with no deformation that could affect the t
27、est results. Drive the truck under test onto the fixed slopes with the mast lowered and positioned as specified in Table 3. For each of the truck positions with an elevated load or load carrier, the mast shall be elevated smoothly to the position specified in Table 3. 4.2.3 Calculation Compliance wi
28、th the specified stability values may be determined by calculation methods verified by empirical data. The calculated capacities shall take into account manufacturing variations and deflections of the mast, tyres, etc. 4.3 Test conditions 4.3.1 Condition of the truck The tests shall be carried out o
29、n an operational truck. The operator on rider-controlled trucks shall be simulated by an object having a mass of 90 kg if the stability during a test is thereby decreased. For a truck designed for operation with a standing operator, an object having a mass of 90 kg shall be secured with its centre o
30、f gravity 1 000 mm above the floor of the operators platform at the centre of the position normally occupied by the operator. For a truck designed for operation by a seated operator, the centre of gravity of the object shall be secured 150 mm above the seat index point (SIP) as determined in accorda
31、nce with ISO 5353, with the seat at the closest position to the midpoint of the adjustments provided. Fuel tanks of internal combustion engine trucks shall be full if the stability is thereby decreased. All other tanks shall be filled to their correct operating levels, as applicable.ISO 15794:2001(E
32、)3 Tyres shall be inflated to the pressure specified by the truck manufacturer. Where tyre ballast is incorporated in the truck design, the use of ballast shall be in accordance with the truck manufacturers instructions. 4.3.2 Position of truck on platform The truck shall be placed on the test platf
33、orm or slope, with the line MN parallel to the tilt axis, XY, of the test platform, in accordance with the positions shown in Table 3. Tests shall be conducted on the side of the truck which is the less stable. The truck wheel positions and general truck configurations in the diagrams are representa
34、tive only and other arrangements are permissible provided the general principles relating to the test position are maintained. 4.3.3 Test load The test load shall have a mass equivalent to the maximum load, Q, that the truck can elevate to its maximum lift height acting through the centre of gravity
35、, G, nominally positioned at the standard load centre distance, D,a s indicated on the capacity plate of the truck, both horizontally from the front face of the fork arm shank and vertically from the upper face of the fork arm blade (see Figure 1). When additional lift heights, loads and load centre
36、 distances are to be indicated on the capacity plate, the truck shall meet the requirements established by the tests specified in this International Standard for these additional ratings. The centre of gravity, G, of the test load shall be located on the centre plane between the mast uprights. Key D
37、 is the load centre distance 1 is a point (E) on the inside heel of the fork arm G is the centre of gravity Q is the load Figure 1 Table 1 Standard load centre distance Load, Q kg Load centre distance, D mm Q 10000 600, 900, 1 200 or 1 500ISO 15794:2001(E) 4 4.3.4 Location of the truck on the test p
38、latform The location of the truck on the test platform or slope shall be maintained during each test. This may be achieved by application of parking or service brakes, which can be secured in the “on” position, or by wedging the wheels against the truck frame, ensuring however that the articulation
39、is not affected. Blocks (chocks) with a maximum height not exceeding the value indicated in Table 2 may be used, if necessary, to maintain the initial position of the truck on the test platform or slope. Blocks (chocks), if used, shall not artificially improve stability. Table 2 Height of blocks Tyr
40、e outside diameter, d mm Height of blocks max. du 250 25 mm 250 500 50 mm The coefficient of friction of the platform surface or slope may be increased if required by an appropriate friction- increasing material. 4.3.5 Position of front face of fork arm shank Test 1 shall be conducted with the horiz
41、ontal position of a load datum point (e.g. point E) unchanged when elevated from its lowered position (see Figure 4). By means of a plumb line or other suitable equipment, set the mast vertical. Elevate the fork arms and specified test load to approximately 300 mm above the test platform. With the f
42、ront face of the fork arm shank vertical, establish a point E (see Figure 2) on the fork arm or fork carrier having a fixed relationship to the centre of gravity (G), of the test load (see Figure 1). This point E shall be used to provide a reference datum (F) on the test platform (see Figure 2). Whe
43、n the mast is elevated, a new point F 1 on the test platform may occur (see Figure 3). This new point F 1 can be returned to the original location F (see Figure 4) by the following adjustments. a) For trucks with tiltable masts, changes in the location of F 1 shall be corrected by varying the tilt o
44、f the mast or by retracting the mast or the fork arms within the limits provided by the design of the truck. b) For trucks with non-tiltable masts, adjustments in the fork arms or fork carrier tilt (where provided) or retracting the mast may be used to correct for changes in location of point F 1 wi
45、thin the limits of tilt provided by the design of the truck. Adjustments cannot be made on trucks with non-tiltable masts, fork arms, fork carrier or retractable masts. 4.3.6 Lift height for tests simulating travelling For tests simulating travelling, the upper face of the load platform or fork arms
46、 at the heels shall be positioned 300 mm from the ground or at the minimum height for transporting the load, whichever is the greater. 4.3.7 Lift height for tests simulating stacking For tests simulating stacking, the lift height shall be measured between the surface of the tilting platform and the
47、upper surface of the fork arm blade.ISO 15794:2001(E)5 Key F is the reference datum on test platform Figure 2 Key F 1 is the new point on test platform Figure 3ISO 15794:2001(E) 6 Key F is the reference datum on test platform F 1 is the new point on test platform Figure 4 4.3.8 Safety precautions Pr
48、ecautions shall be taken to prevent the truck overturning or displacement of the load during the tests. If the truck is prevented form overturning by rope lashing or chain, this shall be sufficiently slack to impose no appreciable restriction on the truck until the overturning point is reached. Disp
49、lacement of the test load shall be prevented by means such as: a) firmly securing the test load to the load carrier or equivalent structure; or b) suspending the test load near to the ground from an appropriate support placed on the fork arms so that the suspension point is at the point where the centre of gravity (G) of the test load would be if the test load was placed on the fork arms. 5 Stability tests for trucks with attachments Trucks fitted with attachments other than fork arms shall be subject to the same stability tests. For verification of the verti
