1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 16855:2013Ships and marine technology Loose gear of liftingappliances on ships GeneralrequirementsBS ISO 16855:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 16855:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted
2、to TechnicalCommittee SME/32/-/4, Ships and marine technology - Outfitting anddeck machinery.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible
3、for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 75008 3ICS 47.020.40; 47.020.50Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStanda
4、rds Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 16855:2013 ISO 2013Ships and marine technology Loose gear of lifting appliances on ships General requirementsNavires et technologie maritime Accessoires mobiles des appareils de levage s
5、ur les navires Exigences gnralesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO16855First edition2013-12-15Reference numberISO 16855:2013(E)BS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may
6、 be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the
7、requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 13 T
8、echnical requirements 13.1 Materials . 13.2 Blocks 13.3 Other technical requirements 24 Test requirements . 25 Marking 3Bibliography 7BS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member
9、bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
10、and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
11、described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is dr
12、awn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
13、 the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessm
14、ent, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee SC 4, Outfitting and deck mach
15、inery.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16855:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16855:2013(E)Ships and marine technology Loose gear of lifting appliances on ships General requirements1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the general requirements for loose gear of lifting appliances on ships.
16、This International Standard is applicable to lifting appliances on ships.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.2.1loose geargear which is not permanently attached to the lifting appliances, such as chains, triangle eyeplates, hooks, block
17、s, shackles, swivels, sockets, preventer guys with patent clips, and rigging screwsNote 1 to entry: Lifting beams, spreaders, frames, and similar items of equipment are also regarded as loose gear.2.2safe working loadcertified load for which the component has been designed and testedNote 1 to entry:
18、 This certified load should be not less than the maximum load to which the component will be subjected when the appliance of which it forms part is operating at its SWL.3 Technical requirements3.1 Materials3.1.1 Loose gear, such as hooks, lifting eyes, swivels, and shackles shall not be made of cast
19、 iron or cast steel.3.1.2 Forgings shall be normalized or normalized and tempered or otherwise heat-treated according to a method appropriate to the properties of materials. Shackle materials shall use solid steel manufactured by Martin furnaces, electric furnaces, or oxygen top blown converters; it
20、 is recommended to use the electroslag remelting process.3.2 Blocks3.2.1 Blocks shall be so constructed to minimize the clearance between sheaves and enclosure partition plates to prevent ropes from jamming.3.2.2 Effective lubricating shall be maintained to the blocks during operation. Provision sha
21、ll be made for lubricating all bearings and swivel head fittings without dismantling the block.3.2.3 Snatch blocks shall not be used in the lifting appliance systems.3.2.4 The ratio of sheave diameter measured at the bottom of rope groove to the diameter of rope shall not be less than that as given
22、in Table 1. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)Table 1 Ratio of sheave diameter to rope diameterUse of sheavesSheave diameter/rope diameterRunning ropes Static ropesWire ropesDerrick rigs (including derrick cranes) 13 8Cranes and submersible handling systems 19 8Fibre ro
23、pes 63.3 Other technical requirements3.3.1 “C” type hooks shall be so designed as to prevent the risk of the hook from catching on the ships structure or other obstruction when hoisting by means of a hook shelter. Hooks for special purposes, such as for lifting freight containers, shall comply with
24、the appropriate recognized International Standards.3.3.2 Swivel shall be provided between the hook and short link chain or other item for lifting cargo, and capable of rotating freely and preventing from getting loose.3.3.3 It is recommended that heavy load such as bob weight or short link chain be
25、attached to the hook, such that disorder of reeling rope will not occur when the winch is working in no load condition.3.3.4 The shackle pin end shall be screwed and provided with devices to prevent from getting loose. Shackles used for attaching the lifting gear (such as hooks, bob weight, or short
26、 link chains for lifting cargo, etc.) shall be provided with countersunk pins.3.3.5 The thickness of triangle plates connecting short link chains and cargo runners shall be appropriate to the associated shackle so as to minimize the clearance between them.3.3.6 The construction of rigging screws sha
27、ll be capable of preventing their end fittings from turning. The end fittings of the rigging screw shall be forged in one piece. The rigging screws of hook type end fittings shall not be used in the lifting appliance system.3.3.7 Chains used as span chain or as part of preventer guy shall be of stud
28、less long link chains. Preventer guy with patent clip shall be fitted with stop device; the distance between the device and the end clip shall be as short as practical and, in general, not greater than one pitch of the clips.3.3.8 The items of loose gear, such as eyes, links, shanks, straps and hook
29、s, etc., that have a wastage over 10 % of their original dimensions and a wastage of pins over 6 % of their original dimensions, or cracks or permanent deformation, and any breakage or cracks on the sheaves, shall be replaced or repaired immediately.3.3.9 Welding shall not be used to lengthen, alter
30、, or repair chains, hooks, links, shackles, or swivels.4 Test requirements4.1 Where testing machines are used to apply test loads, they shall be calibrated biennially by a recognized unit and the accuracy shall be within 2 %. Where test weights are used to apply test loads, the weights shall be cert
31、ified as accurate to within 2 %.4.2 Every item of loose gear shall be proof-tested. The proof load applied to each item of loose gear shall be as the requirements given in Table 2 and associated notes. Proof load shall be applied to each item with a testing machine or test weight for a duration of n
32、ot less than 5 min.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)Table 2 Test load for loose gearNo. ItemTest load kN1 Single sheave blocks 4 SWL2Multi-sheave blocksSWL 245 kN245 kN 1 568 kN2 SWL0,933 SWL + 2651,1 SWL3Chains, hooks, rings, shackles, swivels, etcSWL 245 kN245 kN 1 5
33、68 kN2 SWL1,04 SWL + 941,1 SWLNOTE 1 The safe working load for single sheave blocks, including single sheave blocks with beckets, shall be taken as one-half of the load on the head fitting.NOTE 2 The safe working load for a multi-sheave block shall be taken as the load on the head fitting.NOTE 3 As
34、an alternative to the testing per Table 2, the loose gear can be proof-tested in accordance with the requirements of the Flag Administration or a Classification Society acceptable to the Flag Administration provided the proof test is equal to or greater than the proof test specified in Table 2.4.3 F
35、or blocks, test loads shall be taken as the total load on the head fittings of blocks during tests. If blocks are provided with beckets, during their proof tests, loads applied to beckets shall be taken as their proof test loads for acceptance.4.4 In any case when single sheave blocks are used, shac
36、kles or end fittings connected to blocks should be stamped with twice the safe working load marked on the blocks.4.5 After proof testing, each item of loose gear shall be thoroughly examined for deformation, cracks, or other defects and to ensure that its rotating parts can rotate freely.4.6 Short a
37、nd long link chains shall be subjected to a breaking test in addition to the proof test as required in Table 2. In general, a sample of 5 links length shall be taken from each length of chain measuring 55 m and shall withstand a breaking load not less than 4 SWL for the chain.4.7 Where the design of
38、 a lifting beam or similar item is such that the load can be lifted and supported in more than one manner, each arrangement shall be separately tested.4.8 Under the following circumstances, loose gear shall be re-tested:a) in case of no corresponding certificates of examination to prove that compone
39、nts have been tested in advance;b) after any repair or change that might affect component strength.5 Marking5.1 Every item of loose gear which has been proof-tested and examined and found satisfactory in accordance with the above Clause 5 shall be marked visibly and permanently. ISO 2013 All rights
40、reserved 3BS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)5.2 In view of the importance of ensuring correct safe working loads at specific positions of lifting appliances for each component of loose gear and for easy replacement, it is recommended to keep a specification or a detailed rigging plan on board.5.3 It
41、 is recommended that the specification should be based on ISO 233, which has already provided a set of standard tables.5.4 It is recommended that rigging plan use the symbol table specified in ISO 233.5.5 Each item of loose gear, including lifting beams and similar components, shall be marked with t
42、he following contents:a) safe working load, in t;b) mark of steel grade shown in Table 3;c) manufacturers stamp or the stamp of test unit;d) design maximum wire rope diameter for blocks;e) self weight, in kN, for lifting beams and similar components.Table 3 Quality level marks of materialsQuality le
43、vel marks Steel typesUltimate tensile strength N/mm2LMPSTMild steelHigh strength steelAlloy steelAlloy steelAlloy steel3004005006308005.6 Fraction strokes and slashes shall be avoided; it is preferred to use points or dashed lines rather than boundaries. In general, when safe working load is marked
44、in t, the value following the decimal shall be marked.5.7 Marks shall be stamped at the conspicuous place of the item so as to facilitate inspection but they shall not be stamped at the places where high stress or stress concentration takes place. The positions where marks are stamped shall be as fo
45、llows and the typical arrangement of the marks is shown in Figure 1.a) hooks: to be marked at their broad space but not at their bends;b) blocks: to be marked at their straps or face plates;c) shackles: to be marked at their jaws adjacent to the pin holes;d) swivels: to be marked at the sides of the
46、ir bow piece;e) chains: to be marked at the straight side of their end links;f) preventer guys with patent clips: to be marked at each clip.4 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)a) Shacklesb) Chains and linksc) C hooksd) Ramshorn hooks ISO 2013 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 1
47、6855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)e) BlocksKeyasafe working loadbquality markcidentification number and surveyors or manufacturers stampdweld (if any)eidentification number and surveyors or manufacturers stamp (Marks can be on the back of the hook/block, i.e. on the opposite side to SWL.)frange of sling ang
48、lesgrope diameterFigure 1 Typical marks of loose gear6 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E)Bibliography1 ISO 233, Documentation Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters2 ISO 1837, Lifting hooks Nomenclature3 ISO 2415, Forged shackles for general lifting pu
49、rposes Dee shackles and bow shackles ISO 2013 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 16855:2013ISO 16855:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reservedICS 47.020.50;47.020.40Price based on 7 pagesThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services.BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. British Standards and other standardization products are published by BSI Standards Limited.British Standar
