1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Translation services Post-editing of machine translation output RequirementsBS ISO 18587:2017National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18587:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was
2、entrusted to Technical Committee TS/1, Terminology.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British
3、 Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 82292 6ICS 03.080.99; 35.240.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on
4、 30 April 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 18587:2017 ISO 2017Translation services Post-editing of machine translation output RequirementsServices de traduction Post-dition dun texte rsultant dune traduction automatique ExigencesINTERNATION
5、AL STANDARDISO18587First edition2017-04-01Reference numberISO 18587:2017(E)BS ISO 18587:2017ISO 18587:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
6、 utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO cop
7、yright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 18587:2017ISO 18587:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative References . 13 Terms and definitions . 13.1 Concepts related to machine tr
8、anslation 13.2 Concepts related to language and content 23.3 Concepts related to people or organizations 33.4 Concepts related to translation. 44 Post-editing process 54.1 General . 54.2 Pre-production processes 54.3 Production processes 64.3.1 Objectives in the post-editing process 64.3.2 Requireme
9、nts of post-editing MT output . 64.3.3 Post-editors tasks 74.4 Post-production processes . 74.4.1 Final verification and delivery . 74.4.2 Feedback . 75 Competences and qualifications of post-editors . 75.1 Competences . 75.2 Qualifications 85.3 Professionalism 86 Requirements of full post-editing .
10、 8Annex A (informative) Post-editor training 9Annex B (informative) Light post-editing .10Annex C (informative) Pre-editing .11Annex D (informative) ClientTSP agreements and project specifications .12Annex E (informative) Automatic post-editing .14Bibliography .15 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiCon
11、tents PageBS ISO 18587:2017ISO 18587:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member
12、 body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Elect
13、rotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
14、 ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held
15、responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information g
16、iven for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to
17、 Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content resources, Subcommittee SC 5, Translation, interpreting and related technology.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 18587:2017ISO
18、 18587:2017(E)IntroductionThe use of machine translation (MT) systems to meet the needs of an increasingly demanding translation and localization industry has been gaining ground. Many translation service providers (TSPs) and clients have come to realize that the use of such systems is a viable solu
19、tion for translating projects that need to be completed within a very tight time frame and/or with a reduced budget. When an MT system is used, clients can have material translated that can otherwise not be translated; translation costs can be decreased and the launch of products on specific markets
20、, as well as the flow of information, can be accelerated. On the other hand, TSPs are able to:a) improve translation productivity;b) improve turn-around times;c) remain competitive in an environment where clients show an increasing demand for using MT in translation.However, there is no MT system wi
21、th an output which can be qualified as equal to the output of human translation and, therefore, the final quality of the translation output still depends on human translators and, for this purpose, their competence in post-editing.The rate at which MT systems are changing renders it impractical to p
22、roduce an overarching International Standard on these systems, which could stifle innovation or be ignored by the translation technology development industry.This document therefore restricts its provisions to that part of the process that begins upon the delivery of the MT output and the beginning
23、of the human process that is known as post-editing. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18587:2017This page deliberately left blankTranslation services Post-editing of machine translation output Requirements1 ScopeThis document provides requirements for the process of full, human post-editing of ma
24、chine translation output and post-editors competences.This document is intended to be used by TSPs, their clients, and post-editors.It is only applicable to content processed by MT systems.NOTE For translation services in general, see ISO 17100.2 Normative ReferencesThere are no normative references
25、 in this document.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing pl
26、atform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp3.1 Concepts related to machine translation3.1.1machine translationMTautomatic translation (3.4.2) of text (3.2.6) from one natural language to another using a computer applicationSOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.2.2, modified reference to translation of speech has
27、 been deleted as it is not relevant to this document; also “automated has been replaced by “automatic” in order to avoid confusion with translation memory tools3.1.2machine translation outputMT outputresult of machine translation (3.1.1)SOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.2.3, modified “outcome“ has been chan
28、ged to “result”3.1.3machine translation systemtechnology used to perform machine translation (3.1.1)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18587:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18587:2017ISO 18587:2017(E)3.1.4post-editedit and correct machine translation output (3.1.2)SOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.2.4,
29、 modified the note has been deleted3.1.5full post-editingprocess of post-editing (3.1.4) to obtain a product comparable to a product obtained by human translation (3.4.3)3.1.6light post-editingprocess of post-editing (3.1.4) to obtain a merely comprehensible text without any attempt to produce a pro
30、duct comparable to a product obtained by human translation (3.4.3)3.2 Concepts related to language and content3.2.1contentinformation in any formEXAMPLE Text, audio, video, etc.3.2.2source languagelanguage of the content (3.2.1) to be translated (3.4.1)3.2.3source language contentlanguage content (3
31、.2.1) to be translated (3.4.1)SOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.2.33.2.4target languagelanguage into which source language content (3.2.3) is translated (3.4.1)SOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.3.63.2.5target language contentlanguage content (3.2.1) translated (3.4.1) from source language content (3.2.3)SOURCE: ISO
32、 17100:2015, 2.3.33.2.6textcontent (3.2.1) in written formSOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.3.43.2.7natural languageNLlanguage with its origin unknown, but continuously developing sometimes in idiosyncratic ways as is used conventionally for human communicationSOURCE: ISO/TS 24620, 2.122 ISO 2017 All rights
33、 reservedBS ISO 18587:2017ISO 18587:2017(E)3.2.8controlled natural languagecontrolled languageCNLsubset of natural languages (3.2.7) whose grammars and dictionaries have been restricted in order to reduce or eliminate both ambiguity and complexityNote 1 to entry: As a generic, CNL is an uncountable
34、noun that refers to the abstract properties of all controlled natural languages and not to a particular natural language or application for a specific purpose. It is engineered (i.e. constructed) with a view to reducing or eliminating ambiguity and complexity and aims both to make it easier for huma
35、n readers (particularly non-native users, non-experts and people with limited comprehension) to read a text (3.2.6), and to improve the computational processing of a text.Note 2 to entry: CNL is an engineered (i.e. constructed) language that is based on a particular natural language, but is more res
36、trictive as regards lexicon, syntax, or semantics, while at the same time preserving most of its natural properties. Here, CNL is a countable noun.SOURCE: ISO/TS 24620, 2.63.2.9segmentunit of text (3.2.6) produced for a computer application to facilitate translationNote 1 to entry: A segment can be
37、a sentence, heading or other unit of text, such as phrase, word or a single character.3.2.10localeset of characteristics, information or conventions specific to the linguistic, cultural, technical and geographical conventions of a target audience3.2.11language registervariety of language used for a
38、particular purpose or in a particular social or industrial domain3.3 Concepts related to people or organizations3.3.1clientcustomerperson or organization that commissions a service from a TSP (3.3.5) by formal agreementNote 1 to entry: The client can be the person or organization requesting or purch
39、asing the service and can be external or internal to the TSPs (3.3.5) organization.SOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.4.33.3.2translatorperson who translates (3.4.1)SOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.4.43.3.3reviserperson who revises translation output (3.4.4)SOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.4.5, modified no need to specify
40、 that it is against source language content as it is explained in the definition of “revision” ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 18587:2017ISO 18587:2017(E)3.3.4post-editorperson who post-edits (3.1.4)3.3.5translation service providerTSPlanguage service provider that delivers translation services
41、 (3.4.5)Note 1 to entry: A TSP can be a translation company, a translation agency, a translation organization (profit, non-profit or governmental), a single freelance translator or post-editor, or an in-house translation department.SOURCE: of definition: ISO 17100:2015, 2.4.2, modified3.3.6project m
42、anagerPMperson who manages specified aspects of a translation or post-editing project and is responsible for the processSOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.4.8, modified “post-editing” added to make it relevant to this document3.4 Concepts related to translation3.4.1translaterender source language content (3.
43、2.3) into target language content (3.2.5) in written formSOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.1.13.4.2translationset of processes to render source language content (3.2.3) into target language content (3.2.5)SOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.1.2, modified no need to mention that it is in “written form”. Also, the note
44、 is deleted in order to avoid confusion with the definition of translation output.3.4.3human translationtranslation (3.4.2) performed by a translator (3.3.2)3.4.4translation outputresult of translation (3.4.2)3.4.5translation serviceintangible product that is the result of interaction between client
45、 (3.3.1) and TSP (3.3.5)SOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.1.63.4.6translation memoryTMelectronic collection of source language (3.2.2) and target language (3.2.4) segment (3.2.9) pairsNote 1 to entry: The purpose of a translation memory is to facilitate the retrieval and use of previously translated content
46、.4 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 18587:2017ISO 18587:2017(E)3.4.7revisionbilingual examination of target language content (3.2.5) against source language content (3.2.3) for its suitability for the agreed purposeNote 1 to entry: The term “bilingual editing” is sometimes used as a synonym for re
47、vision.SOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.2.63.4.8verificationconfirmation by the TSPs (3.3.5) project manager (3.3.6) that specifications have been fulfilledSOURCE: ISO 17100:2015, 2.5.1, modified TSP added for the sake of clarity4 Post-editing process4.1 GeneralPost-editing is performed on MT output for th
48、e purpose of checking its accuracy and comprehensibility, improving the text, making the text more readable, and correcting errors. Post-editing differs from translation as it involves three texts: the source text, the MT output and the final target text.There are two main levels of post-editing, li
49、ght and full; their use depends on the purpose of the translation output and the clients requirements. This document deals with full post-editing. Light post-editing is described in Annex B.The post-editing process can be automatic or human. Automatic post-editing is described in Annex E. Human post-editing refers to the MT output post-editing process performed by a human post-editor.The post-editing process can take place in an environment where all the text to be processed
