1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 22315:2014Societal security Massevacuation Guidelines forplanningBS ISO 22315:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 22315:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee SSM/1/-/10,
2、 Humanitarian Aid and Disaster ReliefInvestigation Group.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The Brit
3、ish Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 81073 2ICS 03.100.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 Decembe
4、r 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 22315:2014 ISO 2014Societal security Mass evacuation Guidelines for planningScurit socitale vacuation de masse Lignes directrices pour la planificationINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO22315First edition2014-12-01Reference numberISO 22315:201
5、4(E)BS ISO 22315:2014ISO 22315:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
6、, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail c
7、opyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO 22315:2014ISO 22315:2014(E)Contents PageForeword vIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 General aspects for mass evacuation planning 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Risk assessment . 24.3 Compliance with leg
8、islation and policies . 34.4 Information gathering and analysis 34.5 Planning operational resource allocation 44.6 Planning and documenting processes 44.7 Effective multi-agency partnering arrangements . 44.8 Training and exercising . 55 Prepare the public for mass evacuation. 65.1 General . 65.2 Id
9、entify how the public can prepare for mass evacuation 65.3 Use research findings when developing plans 75.4 Identify key characteristics of the population . 75.5 Evaluate each identified social group 85.6 Introduce products, services, and activities which improve preparedness . 85.7 Reduce barriers
10、to preparing for mass evacuation . 86 Visualize the areas that are at risk or affected 96.1 General . 96.2 Map data about the area that is at risk or affected 96.3 Types of information to capture on maps. 106.4 Ensure the compatibility of data to build maps 107 Make the evacuation decision 107.1 Gen
11、eral 107.2 Develop an evacuation decision-making process 117.2.1 Evacuation activation points 117.3 Use evacuation objectives . 117.4 Resolve conflicting evacuation objectives 127.5 Identify information needed to order an evacuation 137.6 Ensure that decision-makers have access to needed information
12、 137.7 Identify factors that drive decisions for specific risks .137.8 Developing a system to track and log decisions made.138 Public warning .148.1 General 148.2 Systems to warn and inform the public 148.3 Promote a community-based warning system .148.4 Protocols for communication with various stak
13、eholders .158.4.1 The public . 158.4.2 Special facilities168.5 Design and test a template for the warning message .168.6 Analyse the anticipated time to warn the public 17 ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiBS ISO 22315:2014ISO 22315:2014(E)9 Analyse evacuee movement .179.1 General 179.2 Understand pot
14、ential population movement 179.3 Understand evacuees transportation behaviour 189.4 Identify demand and availability of the transport network .189.5 Identify transport performance measures and targets 199.6 Analyse transport strategies and policies . 199.7 Communicate transport information to the pu
15、blic 2010 Assess evacuee shelter requirements .2010.1 General 2010.2 Estimate shelter demand 2010.3 Identify suitable shelters . 2110.4 Establish shelter agreements 2110.5 Analyse shelter availability during the incident 2110.6 Manage evacuee registration and support services .2210.7 Organize shelte
16、r supplies and mutual aid 2210.8 Develop a safe return plan . 2211 Evaluate and continually improve .23Bibliography .24iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 22315:2014ISO 22315:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bod
17、ies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organization
18、s, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further
19、maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
20、Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introdu
21、ction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conf
22、ormity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 223, Societal security. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO
23、 22315:2014ISO 22315:2014(E)IntroductionThis International Standard provides guidance on planning for mass evacuation. An evacuation in response to a risk or threat is the movement of people from a designated area. In this context a mass evacuation is characterized by the need for multi-agency colla
24、boration and resources. Typically this involves a larger number of people or wider area at risk. It is difficult to define mass evacuation in terms of numbers or scale because disasters, communities and responder capabilities differ. However, it can be considered in terms of the number of evacuees e
25、xceeding an everyday scale of response such as the evacuation of a city, region or large populated area.The need for evacuation can arise from naturally occurring events, human induced events (both intentional and unintentional) and events caused by technological failures. Some events require an imm
26、ediate evacuation while others give advanced warning.Effective planning is important to help save human life and reduce suffering. Planning helps to deliver an effective response and is part of emergency management. This International Standard provides guidance for developing mass evacuation plans,
27、supporting decision-making, increasing the potential for an effective response, and strengthening preparedness of the public and organizations. It also recognizes that there are barriers that could hinder people from evacuating, such as concern for pets, valuable possessions or items that sustain li
28、velihoods.This International Standard is intended for use by those responsible for establishing mass evacuation plans as well as preparing locations to receive evacuees on a mass scale. It includes the following eight activities that also provide the structure to the eight clauses in this Internatio
29、nal Standard (Clauses 4 to 11), the order of which does not necessarily suggest a sequence.Table 1 Clauses 4-11 in this International StandardGeneral aspects for mass evacuation planning (Clause 4)Prepare the public for mass evacuation (Clause 5)Visualize the areas that are at risk or affected (Clau
30、se 6)Make the evacuation decision (Clause 7)Public warning (Clause 8)Analyse evacuee movement (Clause 9)Assess evacuee shelter requirements (Clause 10)Evaluate and continually improve (Clause 11)Table 1 illustrates that there are some general aspects for mass evacuation planning (Clause 4) (for exam
31、ple, risk assessment and exercising) and these support the provisions contained in Clauses 5 to 11. A plan to prepare the public to react effectively (Clause 5) and a plan to understand and visualize an area at risk and/or an affected area (Clause 6) provide decision-makers with information to enabl
32、e them to decide whether to call for an evacuation. A plan to make the decision to call for an evacuation (Clause 7) aims to ensure that the decision-making process, objectives and participants are appropriate. A plan to warn the public of the need to react as advised (Clause 8) considers protocols
33、for communication and community-based warning systems. Plans also consider the analysis of evacuee movement to an area of safety (Clause 9), for example, to understand transportation needs, demands and availability. Plans also aim to assess evacuee shelter requirements (Clause 10). For example, they
34、 can identify the demand for shelters and establish agreements to provide shelters. A plan for evaluating and continually improving evacuation plans (Clause 11) concludes this International Standard.While this International Standard recognizes the importance of stabilizing the affected area after an
35、 evacuation, as well as the importance of protecting property and preserving the environment, these aspects are not its main focus.vi ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 22315:2014Societal security Mass evacuation Guidelines for planning1 ScopeThis International Standard provides guidelines for mass
36、evacuation planning in terms of establishing, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, reviewing and improving preparedness. It establishes a framework for each activity in mass evacuation planning for all identified hazards. It will help organizations to develop plans that are evidence-based and that
37、can be evaluated for their effectiveness.This International Standard is intended for use by organizations with responsibility for, or involvement in, part or all of the planning for mass evacuation. It is applicable to all types and sizes of organizations that are involved in the planning for mass e
38、vacuation, such as local, regional, and national governments; statutory bodies; international and non-governmental organizations; businesses; and public and social groups.This International Standard covers planning for mass evacuation in order to gain a more effective response during the actual evac
39、uation. It will assist organizations to meet their obligation of saving human life and reducing suffering.This International Standard does not cover activities to stabilize the affected area after an evacuation, protect property and preserve the environment.2 Normative referencesThe following docume
40、nts, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 22300, Societal security
41、 TerminologyISO 22320, Societal security Emergency management Requirements for incident responseISO 22322, Societal Security Emergency management Public warningISO 22398, Societal security Guidelines for exercisesISO 31000, Risk management Principles and guidelinesISO/IEC 31010, Risk management Risk
42、 assessment techniques3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22300 and the following apply:3.1incident management systemsystem that defines the roles and responsibilities of personnel and the operating procedures to be used in the management
43、of incidents3.2preparednessknowledge and capacities developed to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impact of likely imminent or current hazard events or conditionsINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22315:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 22315:2014ISO 22315:2014(E)3.3commun
44、ity-based warning systemmethod to communicate information to the public through established networks3.4area at risklocation that could be affected by a disasterNote 1 to entry: The term is more relevant to preventative evacuations3.5affected arealocation that has been impacted by a disasterNote 1 to
45、 entry: The term is more relevant to immediate evacuations4 General aspects for mass evacuation planning4.1 IntroductionThe organization should develop, implement and document transparent decision-making processes, some of which are common across all activities for mass evacuation planning. Clause 4
46、 details planning issues which are common across Clauses 5 to 11, including: risk assessment (4.2); compliance with legislations and policies (4.3); information gathering and analysis (4.4); planning operational resource allocation (4.5); planning and documenting processes (4.6); effective multi-age
47、ncy partnering arrangements (4.7); training and exercising (4.8).4.2 Risk assessmentThe organization should develop processes for risk management which includes performing a risk assessment in accordance with ISO 31000 and ISO/IEC 31010. The risk assessments should be: strategic (determining the ris
48、ks associated with when to order an evacuation) or tactical (deciding to evacuate an area with a high proportion of vulnerable people, thereby creating a higher risk of being unable to evacuate them in time); conducted for specific locations (including the shelter area); conducted for known risks an
49、d their different evacuation scenarios; conducted before, during and after an evacuation to understand how the situation changes over time in terms of the hazard, population, infrastructure and transportation; used to influence resource management and the evacuation response; updated during an incident as new data are received from different sources.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 22315:2014ISO 22315:2014(E)4.3 Compliance with legislation and policiesThe organization should be aware of all applicable le
