1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPersonal equipment for protection against falls Rope access systemsPart 1: Fundamental principles for a system of workBS ISO 22846-1:2003National forewordThis British Standard is
2、 the UK implementation of ISO 22846-1:2003.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteePH/5, Personal Fall Protection.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the
3、 necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 79602 9 ICS 13.340.99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Stan
4、dard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 22846-1:2003Reference numberISO 22846-1:2003(E)ISO 2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO22846-1First edition2003-11-15Personal eq
5、uipment for protection against falls Rope access systems Part 1: Fundamental principles for a system of work quipement individuel de protection contre les chutes Systmes daccs par corde Partie 1: Principes fondamentaux pour un systme de travail BS ISO 22846-1:2003ISO 22846-1:2003(E) PDF disclaimer T
6、his PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept t
7、herein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file;
8、 the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights re
9、served. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requ
10、ester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedBS ISO 22846-1:2003ISO 22846-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for St
11、andardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the rig
12、ht to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International
13、 Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as a
14、n International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO
15、22846-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety Protective clothing and equipment, Subcommittee SC 4, Personal equipment for protection against falls. ISO 22846 consists of the following parts, under the general title Personal equipment for protection against falls Rope access
16、 systems: Part 1: Fundamental principles for a system of work Part 2: Code of practice (in the early stages of preparation) BS ISO 22846-1:2003ISO 22846-1:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reservedIntroduction Rope access is a system that provides a user with the means, typically using synthetic fibre
17、kernmantel ropes and associated equipment, to gain access to, be supported at, and then as a means of egress from, a place of work for the purpose of carrying out a work task. Rope access has its background in mountaineering and particularly in caving, where it has been well proven, although it reli
18、es on only a single rope. For adaptation to the work environment, the techniques and some of the equipment have been modified. The most significant change is the inclusion of a second rope to provide additional safety. These modifications allow the system to offer a level of protection to the operat
19、ives equal to, or better than, other similar forms of access. In a typical system, one rope (the working line) is used for access and egress (usually ascent and descent) and for support at the workplace. A harness is attached to the user and specially designed devices are attached to the working lin
20、e and to the harness. The other rope (the safety line) is connected to the user via a safety device, which travels along the safety line as the user ascends or descends the working line. In the event of a failure of the working line or any of its components, the safety line protects against a fall a
21、nd limits the load to the equipment and operative. This is one example of a system. However, the need to provide a basic access system and a back-up system may also be accomplished in other ways. The techniques and equipment used for this purpose may be extended to encompass traversing and aid climb
22、ing. The safe use of rope access systems requires competence, normally acquired by training, and confirmed with independent assessment and certification, not only in the use of the system itself, but also in workmate rescue/retrieval. While this part of ISO 22846 provides the generalized framework f
23、or the specification and the operation of rope access, individual countries, states and localities may have particular requirements. These local requirements should be followed in addition to those of this part of ISO 22846. BS ISO 22846-1:2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22846-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All
24、rights reserved 1Personal equipment for protection against falls Rope access systems Part 1: Fundamental principles for a system of work 1 Scope This part of ISO 22846 gives the fundamental principles for the use of rope-access methods for work at height. It is intended for use by employers, employe
25、es and self-employed persons who use rope-access methods, by those commissioning rope-access work and by rope-access associations. This part of ISO 22846 is applicable to the use of rope-access methods on buildings, other structures (on- or offshore) or natural features (such as cliff faces), during
26、 which ropes are suspended from or connected to a structure or natural feature. It is applicable to situations where ropes are used as the primary means of access, egress or support and as the primary means of protection against a fall. This part of ISO 22846 is not intended to apply to the use of r
27、ope-access methods for leisure activities, arboriculture, general steeplejack methods or emergency personal-evacuation systems, or to the use of rope-access (line rescue) techniques by the fire brigade and other emergency services for rescue work or for rescue training. Nevertheless, those engaged i
28、n other similar activities are likely to benefit from the advice given in this part of ISO 22846, as many of the principles do apply to, and offer good practice for, activities outside this formally defined scope. NOTE This is the first of a planned multi-part series of International Standards for r
29、ope access. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 aid climbing method of progression in suspension, either by moving from one fixed anchor to another or by the use of moveable anchors or anchor points 2.2 anchor fixture or place for
30、 the attachment of lines or persons 2.3 ascender rope adjustment device which, when attached to a line of appropriate type and diameter, locks under load in one direction and slides freely in the opposite direction NOTE Normally used for ascending the working line or positioning the operative on it.
31、 BS ISO 22846-1:2003ISO 22846-1:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved2.4 back-up device rope adjustment device for a safety line of appropriate type and diameter, which accompanies the user during changes of position or allows adjustment of the length of the safety line, and which locks automatical
32、ly to the safety line, or only allows gradual movement along it, when a sudden load is applied in one direction, e.g., in the event of a fall 2.5 belay system incorporating a device to control, by friction, a running rope which acts as a brake should the user experience sudden movement or fall 2.6 c
33、ompetent suitably trained or qualified by knowledge and practical experience to enable the required task or tasks to be carried out properly 2.7 descender manually operated, friction-inducing rope-adjustment device, which, when attached to a line of appropriate type and diameter, allows the user to
34、achieve a controlled descent NOTE Normally used for descending the working line or positioning the operative on it. 2.8 exclusion zone zone designated to exclude the public from a hazardous area and from the rope-access equipment, or to exclude the operatives from a hazardous area unless suitably pr
35、otected 2.9 lead climbing method of progression, not in suspension, in which the operative is supported by the structure and is protected by a safety line which is passed through intermediate anchors and which is fed out or pulled in by a second operative as the first operative progresses NOTE The s
36、afety line is incorporated into an independently anchored fall protection/belay system, by which a fall can be arrested with a limited force. 2.10 line length of textile rope or webbing, metallic wire rope or chain, connected at at least one end to a reliable anchor to provide a means of support, re
37、straint or other safeguard for a person wearing a harness in combination with other devices NOTE A line may be a working line or a safety line. 2.11 rope access technique using ropes, normally incorporating two separately secured systems, one as a means of access and the other as back-up security, u
38、sed with a harness in combination with other devices, for getting to and from the place of work and for work positioning 2.12 safety line line provided as a safeguard to protect against a fall if the user slips or if the primary support (e.g., the working line), anchor or positioning mechanism fails
39、 NOTE Also known as a “back-up rope” or “back-up line”. BS ISO 22846-1:2003ISO 22846-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 32.13 supervisor competent person responsible for implementing and supervising a safe system of rope-access work at a particular worksite 2.14 traversing broadly horizontal pro
40、gression, generally using lead-climbing or aid-climbing techniques or transverse ropes or pulley systems 2.15 working line line used primarily for suspension, work positioning or restraint for both descending and ascending 2.16 workmate rescue/retrieval care and removal by one or more operatives of
41、an incapacitated member of the rope-access work team from a place of danger to a place of safety 2.17 work positioning technique that enables a person to work supported in tension or suspension by personal protective equipment in such a way that a fall from a height is prevented or restricted 2.18 w
42、orkseat suspended seat, positioned on the working line and not forming part of the back-up/fall-protection system, provided for the comfort of a rope-access operative 3 Principles NOTE The principles listed should not be taken to be exhaustive. 3.1 The main goal of rope-access operations is to ensur
43、e that a safe system of work is maintained at all times. The principles described in this clause are some of the key elements for such a safe system of work. There may be other requirements, depending on the work situation and the work task being performed. Key elements of a safe system of work incl
44、ude, but are not limited to, the following: proper management and planning; use of trained, competent persons with proper levels of supervision; selection, maintenance and care of appropriate equipment; proper control of working methods, including the following: arrangements for the use of work equi
45、pment, provision for emergency procedures, protection of third parties. 3.2 All rope-access work should be planned by a designated person who is responsible for maintaining a safe system of work. 3.3 Before rope-access work commences, hazards identification and risk assessment should be carried out
46、to establish the appropriateness of using rope-access techniques and to address any hazard issues. BS ISO 22846-1:2003ISO 22846-1:2003(E) 4 ISO 2003 All rights reserved3.4 Of primary importance is the principle of double protection. It is essential to include the provision of at least one alternativ
47、e means of support to prevent an operative falling, for example, a working line plus a safety line. This means that, should any one item fail within the suspension system, there is an adequate back-up to prevent an accident. When an operative is in tension or suspension, there should be at least two
48、 independently anchored lines, one primarily as a means of access, egress and support (the working line) and the other as additional back-up security (the safety line). NOTE Where appropriate, the safety line may be replaced by other forms of back-up security, which should be equal to or better than
49、 the performance of the one it replaces. 3.5 Connection of an operative to the rope-access system should be made in an area where there is no risk of a fall from height, unless there are other means of protection. 3.6 Exclusion zones should be established as appropriate. This might necessitate establishing exclusion zones at locations other than at the top and the bottom of the rope-access work site. 3.7 The operative should be connected to both the working line and the safety line via an appropriate harn
