1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO/IEC 14478-4:1998 Information technology Computer graphics and image processing Presentation Environment for Multimedia Objects (PREMO) Part 4: Modelling, rendering and interaction component ICS 33.160.60; 35.140BSISO/IEC14478-4:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared
2、 under the directionof the DISC Board, waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Committee and comes intoeffecton 15 March 1999 BSI 05-1999 ISBN 0 580 30078 1 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO/IEC 14478-4:1998 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK
3、 participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/31, Computer graphics and image processing, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals
4、for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement internation
5、al or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include al
6、l the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to
7、iv, the ISO/IEC title page, page ii, pages 1 to 68 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO/
8、IEC14478-4:1998 BSI 05-1999 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword ii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Definitions 2 3.1 PREMO Part 1 definitions 2 3.2 PREMO Part 2 definitions 2 3.3 PREMO Part 3 definitions 2 3.4 Additional definitions 2 4 Symbols and abbre
9、viations 5 5 Conformance 5 6 Overview of the Modelling, Rendering and Interaction Component 5 6.1 Introduction 5 6.2 Overview 5 6.3 Devices for Modelling, Rendering, and Interaction 9 6.4 Primitives and Coordinates 10 6.4.1 Introduction 10 6.4.2 Coordinates 10 6.4.3 The Primitive Hierarchy in PREMO
10、11 6.4.3.1 Overview 11 6.4.3.2 Captured Primitives 11 6.4.3.3 Form Primitives 11 6.4.3.4 Modifier Primitives 11 6.4.3.5 Reference Primitives 12 6.4.3.6 Structured Primitives 12 6.4.3.7 Tracer Primitives 12 6.4.3.8 Wrapper Primitives 12 6.4.4 Primitives and MRI Devices 12 6.5 Scene 13 6.6 Interaction
11、 13 6.7 Coordinators 14 6.8 Dependencies on other Parts 16 6.9 Subtyping Diagram 16 7 Coordinates 16 7.1 General Coordinates 16 7.2 Colour 17 7.3 TimeLocation 18 8 Primitives 18 8.1 Introduction 18 8.2 Captured Primitives 19 8.3 Form Primitives 20 8.3.1 Introduction 20 8.3.2 Audio Primitives 20 8.3.
12、3 Geometric Primitives 20 8.3.4 Tactile Primitives 21 8.3.5 Text Primitives 21BSISO/IEC14478-4:1998 ii BSI 05-1999 Page 8.4 Modifier Primitives 21 8.4.1 Introduction 21 8.4.2 Acoustic Modifiers 21 8.4.3 Structural Modifiers 22 8.4.4 TimeFrame Modifiers 22 8.4.5 Visual Modifiers 22 8.5 Reference Prim
13、itives 23 8.5.1 References 23 8.5.2 The Name Object Type 23 8.6 Structured Primitives 23 8.6.1 Introduction 23 8.6.2 Aggregate 23 8.6.3 TimeComposite 24 8.7 Tracer Primitives 28 8.8 Wrapper Primitives 28 9 Modelling, Rendering and Interaction Device 28 9.1 Introduction 28 9.2 MRI_Format 28 9.3 Effic
14、iency 29 9.4 Behaviour 29 10 Modeller 29 11 Renderer 30 12 MediaEngine 30 13 Scene 31 14 Interaction 34 14.1 Introduction 34 14.2 Input Device 34 14.3 Router 35 15 Coordinator 35 16 Functional Specification 37 16.1 Introduction 37 16.2 Non-object data types 37 16.3 Exceptions 38 16.4 Objects for coo
15、rdinate spaces 39 16.4.1 Coordinate object 39 16.4.2 Colour object 40 16.4.3 TimeLocation object 40 16.5 Name object 40 16.6 Objects for media primitives 41 16.6.1 Primitive object 41 16.6.2 Captured object 41 16.6.3 Objects describing primitives with spatial and/or temporal form 41 16.6.3.1 Form ob
16、ject 41 16.6.3.2 Objects describing form primitives for audio media data 41 16.6.3.3 Objects describing form primitives for geometric media data 42 16.6.4 Objects describing primitives for the modification of media data 43BSISO/IEC14478-4:1998 BSI 05-1999 iii Page 16.6.4.1 Modifier object 43 16.6.4.
17、2 Objects describing modifier primitives for audio media data 43 16.6.4.3 Objects describing modifier primitives for structural aspects of mediadata 44 16.6.4.4 TimeFrame object 45 16.6.4.5 Objects describing modifier primitives for visual aspects of media data 45 16.6.5 Reference object 46 16.6.6 O
18、bjects for organising primitives into structures 47 16.6.6.1 Structured object 47 16.6.6.2 Aggregate object 47 16.6.6.3 Objects for organising media data within time 48 16.6.7 Tracer object 49 16.6.8 Wrapper object 50 16.7 Objects for describing properties of devices 50 16.7.1 MRI_Format object 50 1
19、6.7.2 EfficiencyMeasure object 51 16.8 Processing devices for media data 51 16.8.1 MRI_Device object 51 16.8.2 Modeller object 51 16.8.3 Renderer object 52 16.8.4 MediaEngine object 52 16.9 Scene object 53 16.10 Objects for supporting interaction 55 16.10.1 InputDevice object 55 16.10.2 Router objec
20、t 56 16.11 Coordinator object 57 17 Component Specification 59 Annex A (normative) Overview of PREMO Modelling, Rendering and Interaction Object Types 60 Annex B (informative) Diagrammatic Conventions 62 B.1 Introduction 62 B.2 General Graphical Signatures 63 B.3 Conventions for Devices and Communic
21、ation 63 Annex C (informative) Relationship between Part 4 and the CGRM 64 C.1 Introduction 64 C.2 Architectural Links 64 C.3 Processing Links 65 C.4 Input and Output Primitives 65 C.5 Storage 65 Annex D (informative) A typical example scenario of MRI usage 65 Figure 1 An audio/visual system 6 Figur
22、e 2 MRI network including interaction handling 7 Figure 3 Groups and connections in audio/visual system 8 Figure 4 Format hierarchy 9 Figure 5 Media devices and the primitive hierarchy 13 Figure 6 Audio/visual system using logical devices and coordinator 15 Figure 7 Subtyping diagram 17BSISO/IEC1447
23、8-4:1998 iv BSI 05-1999 Page Figure 8 The PREMO primitive hierarchy 19 Figure 9 Audio primitives within the PREMO hierarchy 20 Figure 10 Scope of modifiers 21 Figure 11 The visual modifier hierarchy 22 Figure 12 Attributes of a TimeComposite primitive 25 Figure 13 Attributes of a Sequential TimeComp
24、osite primitive 26 Figure 14 Attributes of a Parallel TimeComposite primitive 27 Figure 15 Attributes of an Alternate TimeComposite primitive 28 Figure 16 A Modeller device 30 Figure 17 A Renderer device 30 Figure 18 A MediaEngine device 31 Figure 19 A Scene within a media processing network 32 Figu
25、re 20 Growth of a scene structure 33 Figure 21 The role of the Coordinator 36 Figure 22 PREMO primitive object types 60 Figure 23 PREMO Modifier and Structured primitive object types 61 Figure 24 PREMO MRI devices and format object types 62 Figure 25 Graphical signatures for part 4 devices subtypes
26、63 Figure 26 Conventions for representing media flow and other forms of communication 63 Figure 27 CGRM pipeline and environment models 64 Figure 28 AV system: basic components 66 Figure 29 AV system: adding resources to the logical devices 66 Figure 30 AV system: establishing logical device ports 6
27、7 Figure 31 AV system: introducing the coordinator 68 Descriptors: Data processing, information interchange, graphic data processing, image processing, video data, audio data, coding (data conversion), coded representation.BSISO/IEC14478-4:1998 ii BSI 05-1999 Foreword ISO (the International Organiza
28、tion for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respec
29、tive organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, government and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
30、technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee: ISO/IEC JTC1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committees are circulated to the national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bo
31、dies casting a vote. ISO/IEC 14478-4 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC24, Computer graphics and image processing. ISO/IEC 14478 consists of the following parts under the general title Information technology Computer graphics and image pro
32、cessing Presentation Environment for Multimedia Objects (PREMO): Part 1: Fundamentals of PREMO; Part 2: Foundation component; Part 3: Multimedia systems services; Part 4: Modelling, rendering, and interaction component. Annex A forms an integral part of this part of ISO/IEC 14478. Annex B to Annex D
33、 are for information only.BSISO/IEC14478-4:1998 BSI 05-1999 1 Introduction The Modelling, Rendering and Interaction component of PREMO describes facilities for the modelling and presentation of, and interaction with, multidimensional data that utilises multiple media in an integrated way. That is, t
34、he data may be composed of entities that can be rendered using graphics, sound, video or other media, and which may be interrelated through both spatial coordinates and time. The objective of this component is to provide developers and users of modelling and rendering applications with a framework f
35、or supporting the definition and use of interoperable devices within a distributed setting. It achieves this by: a) providing an extensible framework of primitives for use in modelling, rendering and interaction which encompass multiple media, and which can be organized into larger structures and em
36、bedded into scenes. b) extending the resource and device hierarchies of the PREMO Part 3 (Multimedia Systems Services) Component to allow modelling, rendering and interaction to bc uniformally integrated into a network of objects for managing the production and utilization of multimedia data. c) uti
37、lizing the property and capability management services of PREMO Part 3 to characterize the behaviour of modelling, rendering and interaction devices, allowing an application to bc configured from such devices such that constraints on performance and functionality are satisfied. d) building on the ob
38、ject model and foundation objects of PREMO Part 1 and Part 2 to allow subsequent components to realize and extend specific modelling, rendering and interaction functionality. This component follows PREMO Part 3 in describing the external interface of object types and other entities involved in model
39、ling, presentation and interaction, but not the internal structures needed to implement these. That is, it is not the purpose of this component to provide a set of building blocks that can be assembled into a modeller or a renderer. Rather, the component provides facilities to enable devices, built
40、with various applications or performance trade-offs in mind, to interoperate in a heterogenous presentation environment. 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC14478 describes a set of object types and non-object types to provide the construction of, presentation of, and the interaction with Multimedia informa
41、tion. The multimedia information can be graphics, video, audio, or other types of presentable media. This information can be enhanced by time aspects. Throughout this document this part of ISO/IEC14478 will also be referred to as “Modelling, Rendering and Interaction”, and abbreviated as MRI. The Mo
42、delling, Rendering and Interaction Component constitutes a framework of “Middleware”, system software components lying between the generic operating system and computing environment, and a specific application operating as a client of the services and type definitions provided by this component. It
43、provides a framework over the foundation objects and multimedia systems services defined in other Parts of the international standard for the development of a distributed and heterogeneous network of devices for creating multimedia models, rendering these models, and interacting with this process. T
44、he Modelling, Rendering and Interaction Component encompasses the following characteristics: a) provision of a hierarchy of multimedia primitives as an abstract framework for describing the capabilities of modelling and rendering devices, and for enabling their interoperation; b) within the primitiv
45、e hierarchy, specific provision for describing the temporal structure of multimedia data through the stepwise construction of structured primitives from component data; c) provision of abstract types for modellers, renderers and other supporting devices, enabling the integration of such devices or a
46、ny future subtypes representing real software or hardware, into a processing network of such devices; d) provision of an object type to map synchronization requirements expressed within multimedia primitives into control of the stream and synchronization mechanisms provided by ISO/IEC 14478-2 and IS
47、O/IEC14478-3. The Modelling, Rendering and Interaction Component relies on the object types and services defined in PREMO Part 2: Foundation Components (ISO/IEC14478-2), and PREMO Part 3: Multimedia Systems Services (ISO/IEC14478-3).BSISO/IEC14478-4:1998 2 BSI 05-1999 2 Normative references The foll
48、owing standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO/IEC14478. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC14478 are encoura
49、ged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/IEC 11072:1992, Information technology Computer graphics Computer Graphics Reference Model (CGRM). ISO/IEC 7942-1:1994, Information technology Computer graphics and image processing Graphical Kernal System (GKS) Part 1: Functional description. ISO/IEC 9592:1997, Information technology Comp
