1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Part 3: Guidance on procedures for sub-sampling in the fieldICS 13.030.10Characterization of waste
2、Sampling of waste materials PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 15310-3:2006PD CEN/TR 15310-3:2006This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 December 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49835 2Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsTh
3、is publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.National forewordThis Published Document was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15310-3:2006. The UK participation in its preparation was entr
4、usted by Technical Committee B/508, Waste management, to Subcommittee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on B/508/3 can be obtained on request to its secretary.TECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 15310-3November 2006ICS 13.030.10English Vers
5、ionCharacterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Part 3:Guidance on procedures for sub-sampling in the fieldCaractrisation des dchets - Prlvement des dchets -Partie 3: Guide relatif aux procdures de sous-chantillonnage sur le terrainCharakterisierung von Abfall - Probenahme - Teil 3:Verf
6、ahren zur Teilprobenahme im GelndeThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 21 February 2006. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 292.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hu
7、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
8、rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 15310-3:2006: E2 Contents Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Principles of sub-samplin
9、g in the field8 5 Apparatus .9 6 Sample preparation .9 6.1 Preparation for granular materials.9 6.2 Preparation for liquids, sludges and paste like substances.10 7 Preparing a mixed sample 10 7.1 Mixing granular materials .10 7.2 Mixing of liquid and sludges 10 7.3 Mixing of paste like materials.11
10、8 Generic sub-sampling of mobile and viscous liquids .11 8.1 General11 8.2 Single sample method.11 8.3 Multiple sample method11 9 Generic sub-sampling of liquid and solids rendered mobile by heat 12 9.1 General12 9.2 Single sample method.12 9.3 Multiple sample method12 10 Generic sub-sampling of slu
11、dges12 10.1 Liquids 12 10.2 Cakes 12 10.3 Gelatinous sludges12 11 Generic sub-sampling of paste like substances 13 11.1 General13 11.2 Single sample method.13 11.3 Multiple sample method13 12 Generic sub-sampling of powders, granules and small crystals .13 12.1 General13 12.2 Aggregate reduction14 1
12、2.3 Manual and mechanical sub-sampling procedures .14 13 Sub-sampling coarse solids and large pieces .17 14 Incorporation in the Sampling Plan .18 15 Undertake field sub-sampling procedures18 Annex A Examples of equipment for sub-sampling .19 A.1 Riffle box.19 A.2 Rotary sample divider .19 A.3 Tyler
13、 divider .21 A.4 Sheet metal cross 21 Bibliography22 CEN/TR 15310-3:20063 Foreword This Technical Report (CEN/TR 15310-3:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This Technical Report has been prepared under a man
14、date given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This Technical Report is one of a series of five, dealing with sampling techniques and procedures, which provide essential information for the application of the EN-Standard: EN 14899 Characterisation of waste - Sa
15、mpling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan The principal component of the EN Standard is the mandatory requirement to prepare a Sampling Plan. This EN 14899 standard can be used to: produce standardised sampling plans for use in regular or routine ci
16、rcumstances (i.e. the elaboration of daughter/derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate specific sampling requirements into national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Plan on a case by case basis. The Technical Reports display a range of potential approach
17、es and tools to enable the project manager to tailor his sampling plan to a specific testing scenario (i.e. a shop shelf approach to sampling plan development for waste testing). This approach allows flexibility in the selection of the sampling approach, sampling point, method of sampling and equipm
18、ent used. This Technical Report describes procedures for reducing the overall size of the sample in the field, to aid practical transportation of a sample to the laboratory. It does not deal with sub-sampling in the laboratory to provide a test portion or the pre-treatment of samples prior to analys
19、is. This report does not attempt to provide a definitive procedure for each and every situation that may arise from sampling a given waste type or specific analytical requirement, rather it aims to expose the factors that influence the selection of these practical field activities to ensure the most
20、 appropriate procedure is selected for any given sampling scenario. The most appropriate approach, tools, and methodology, in the absence of an existing recognised Sampling Plan, should be chosen on a scenario-specific basis. However, this does not present a barrier to technical innovation, and ther
21、e is no reason why methodologies other than those detailed in this Technical Report cannot be substituted. CEN/TR 15310-3:20064 Introduction Wastes are materials, which the holder discards, or intends or is required to discard, and which may be sent for final disposal, reuse or recovery. Such materi
22、als are generally heterogeneous and it will be necessary therefore to specify in the testing programme the amount of material for which the characteristics of interest need to be defined. The testing of wastes allows informed decisions to be made on how they should be treated (or not), recovered or
23、disposed. In order to undertake valid tests, some sampling of the waste is required. The principal component of the standard EN 14899 is the mandatory requirement to prepare a Sampling Plan, within the framework of an overall testing programme as illustrated in Figure 1 of EN 14899:2005. This standa
24、rd can be used to: produce standardised sampling plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (i.e. the elaboration of daughter/derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate specific sampling requirements into national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Pl
25、an on a case by case basis. The development of a Sampling Plan within this framework involves the progression through three steps or activities. 1) Define the Sampling Plan; 2) Take a field sample in accordance with the Sampling Plan; 3) Transport the laboratory sample to the laboratory. This Techni
26、cal Report provides information to support Key Step 2 of the Sampling Plan process map and elaborates on the range of potential approaches that can be used to reduce the size of a sample in the field to facilitate the appropriate storage and preservation of the sample and ultimately its transportati
27、on to the designated analytical facility. This Technical report describes procedures for reducing the overall size of the sample in the field, to aid practical transportation of a sample to the laboratory. It does not deal with sub-sampling in the laboratory to provide a test portion, or the pre-tre
28、atment of samples prior to analysis. Samples dispatched to the laboratory may require additional sub-sampling and/or pre-treatment steps prior to analysis. Some samples may be analysed without additional treatment. Field sub-sampling should be carried out in such a way as to obtain, at all stages, a
29、 sample that is representative of the field sample. Specifically this Technical Report supports 4.2.8.2 (Procedures for sub-sampling in the field) of the Framework Standard. This Technical Report should be read in conjunction with the Framework Standard for the preparation and application of a Sampl
30、ing Plan as well as the other Technical Reports that contain essential information to support the Framework Standard. The full series comprises: EN 14899, Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan. CEN/TR 15310-1, Chara
31、cterization of waste Sampling of waste materials - Part 1: Guidance on selection and application of criteria for sampling under various conditions. CEN/TR 15310 -2, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials - Part 2 - Guidance on sampling techniques. CEN/TR 15310-3:20065 CEN/TR 15310 -3,
32、 Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 3: Guidance on procedures for sub-sampling in the field. CEN/TR 15310 -4, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 4: Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery. CEN/TR 15310
33、 -5, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 5: Guidance on the process of defining the Sampling Plan. The Technical Reports contain procedural options (as detailed in Figure 2 of EN 14899:2005) that can be selected to match the sampling requirements of any testing programme. CEN/
34、TR 15310-3:20066 1 Scope This Technical Report describes procedures for reducing the overall size of the waste materials in the field to aid practical transportation of a sample to the laboratory. NOTE 1 This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected
35、to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate. NOTE 2 The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant. 2 Normative refere
36、nces The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13965-1:2004, Characterization of waste -
37、 Terminology - Part 1: Material related terms and definitions EN 13965-2:2004, Characterization of waste - Terminology - Part 2: Management related terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report the terms and definitions given in EN 13965-1:2004 and EN 13965-
38、2:2004 and the following apply 3.1 aliquot known amount of a homogeneous material, assumed to be taken with negligible sampling error ISO 11074-2 NOTE This term is usually applied to a liquid. 3.2 composite sample two or more increments/sub-samples mixed together in appropriate proportions, either d
39、iscretely or continuously (blended composite sample), from which the average value of a desired characteristic may be obtained ISO 11074-2 3.3 increment individual portion of material collected by a single operation of a sampling device which will not be analysed / investigated as a single entity, b
40、ut will be mixed with other increments in a composite sample NOTE 1 Whenever the portion of material collected by a single operation of a sampling device is analysed individually, the obtained material is called a sample. In such a situation it is essential that the quantity of material fulfils both
41、 the criteria for the size of an increment as well as for a sample. NOTE 2 In some languages the term increment is used without the condition that an increment will never be analysed on its own. For this Technical Report this is however an essential condition in the definition of the term increment.
42、 CEN/TR 15310-3:20067 3.4 field sample quantity (mass or volume) of material obtained through sampling without any sub-sampling 3.5 laboratory sample sample(s) or sub-sample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory. IUPAC, definition 2.5.5 NOTE 1 When the laboratory sample is further prepared (reduc
43、ed) by subdividing, mixing, grinding, or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. NOTE 2 The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collectio
44、n but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory. 3.6 mixing combining of components, particles or layers into a more homogeneous state ISO 11074 3.7 particle size reduction crushing or cutting the sample in order to reduce the particle size of the whole (sub-)sample without r
45、educing the sample size (mass) 3.8 portion wach of the discrete, identifiable portions of a material suitable for removal from a population as a sample or as a portion of a sample, and which can be individually considered, examined, tested or combined ISO 11074 3.9 representative sample sample in wh
46、ich the characteristic(s) of interest is (are) present with a reliability appropriate for the purposes of the testing programme 3.10 riffling separation of a free-flowing sample into (usually) equal parts by means of a mechanical device composed of diverter chutes ISO 11074 3.11 sample portion of ma
47、terial selected from a larger quantity of material ISO 11074 NOTE 1 The manner of selection of the sample should be described in a sampling plan. NOTE 2 The use of the term sample should be supported with a preface as far as possible as it does not indicate to which step of the total sampling proced
48、ure it is related when used alone e.g. field sample, laboratory sample. 3.12 Sampling Plan all the information pertinent to a particular sampling activity CEN/TR 15310-3:20068 NOTE Predetermined procedure for the selection, withdrawal, preservation, transportation and preparation of the portions to
49、be removed from a population as a sample. (ISO 11074:2005) 3.13 sample division process of selecting one or more sub-samples from a sample of population ISO 11074 3.14 stratum/ Strata strata are mutually exclusive and exhaustive parts of a population. They are identified either, because they are believed to be different from each other or for the purposes of sampling 3.15 sub-sample quantity (mass or volume) of material obtained by procedures in which the characteristics of interest ar
