1、DD CEN/TS15867:2009ICS 81.060.30NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWDRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTAdvanced technicalceramics Ceramiccomposites Guideto the determinationof the degree ofmisalignment inuniaxial mechanicaltestsCopyright European Committee for Standardization Pro
2、vided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This Draft for Developmentwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 April2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 63940 1Amendments/corrigenda issued sin
3、ce publicationDate CommentsDD CEN/TS 15867:2009National forewordThis Draft for Development is the UK implementation of CEN/TS15867:2009.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications andis of a provisional nature. I
4、t should be applied on this provisional basis,so that information and experience of its practical application can beobtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development arerequested so that UK experience can be reported to the internationalorganization responsible for its conversion
5、to an international standard.A review of this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years afterits publication by the international organization so that a decision can betaken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will bemade in an announcement in the appropriate iss
6、ue of Update Standards.According to the replies received by the end of the review period,the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support theconversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of theTechnical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent tothe Secret
7、ary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at BritishStandards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequ
8、est to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by
9、IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN/TS 15867:2009TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSPCIFICATION TECHNIQUETECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATIONCEN/TS 15867March 2009ICS 81.060.30English VersionAdvanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - G
10、uide tothe determination of the degree of misalignment in uniaxialmechanical testsCramiques techniques avances - Cramiquescomposites - Guide pour dterminer le degr de non-alignement des essais mcaniques uniaxiauxHochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe -Anleitung zur Bestimmung der Flucht
11、ungsfehler beimechanischen Prfungen mit einachsiger BeanspruchungThis Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 3 February 2009 for provisional application.The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
12、 submit theircomments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS availablepromptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is per
13、missible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finlan
14、d,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE
15、FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TS 15867:2009: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for Resal
16、eNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN/TS 15867:2009CEN/TS 15867:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle 55 Apparatus .65.1 Test machine 65.2 Strain gauges .65.3 Data recording system 75.4 Microme
17、ters 76 Reference test specimens 77 Reference test specimens preparation .97.1 Adhesion of strain gauges 97.2 Reference test specimen validity .98 Test procedure .98.1 General 98.2 Correction of the torsion defect .98.3 Correction of the C defect 108.4 Correction of the S defect 118.5 Final verifica
18、tion before starting a series of measurements on CMCs . 129 Test report . 12Bibliography . 14Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN/TS 15867:2009CEN/TS 15867:2009
19、 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 15867:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/
20、or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Rep
21、ublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization P
22、rovided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN/TS 15867:2009CEN/TS 15867:2009 (E) 4 1 Scope This Technical Specification provides guidance on: verifying the degree of misalignment of the load train of test machines, usin
23、g a reference test specimen uniformly loaded in tension or in compression; correcting for defects caused by, e.g. torsion and bending. This document is not intended to provide a quantitative and acceptable limit before the testing of ceramic matrix composites with a fibre reinforcement: unidirection
24、al (1D), bidirectional (2D) and tridirectional (xD, with 2 x 3) loaded along one principle axis of reinforcement. This limit depends on the sensitivity of each type of composite to the misalignment defect. NOTE 1 This limit is to be defined between the testing establishment and the customer. NOTE 2
25、Monolithic ceramics are very sensitive to misalignment defects, while ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in general are moderately sensitive to them. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition
26、 cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TR 13233:2007, Advanced technical ceramics Notations and symbols EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compressio
27、n testing machines Verification and calibration of the force measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) ISO 3611, Micrometer callipers for external measurement 3 Terms and definitions For t
28、he purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TR 13233:2007 and the following apply. 3.1 calibrated length l part of the reference test specimen which has a uniform and minimum cross section area 3.2 width b width of the reference test specimen in the calibrated length 3.3 thi
29、ckness h thickness of the reference test specimen in the calibrated length Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN/TS 15867:2009CEN/TS 15867:2009 (E) 5 3.4 Type of
30、 defects 3.4.1 C type magnitude angle between the loading axis of each of the two grips (see Figure 1) 3.4.2 S type magnitude d distance between the loading axis when they are parallel (see Figure 2) 3.4.3 torsion defect magnitude angle between the gripping planes (see Figure 3) 4 Principle A rectan
31、gular cross section of a reference test specimen equipped with 10 strain gauges is loaded in tension or in compression up to a load corresponding to 10 % of the nominal load capacity of the load cell used for the tests of CMCs. The stress corresponding to this value does not exceed 50 % of the elast
32、icity limit of the material used for the reference test specimen. The readings obtained from the strain gauges bonded on the calibrated length of the reference test specimen allow the degree of misalignment to be determined. The positioning of strain gauges is such that it indicates the magnitude of
33、 defects. These magnitudes permit the practical correction of the different types of defects: bending defects, either C (Figure 1) or S (Figure 2); or torsion (Figure 3). Indications for correction are obtained by comparing the experimental readings of the strain gauges to values from charts establi
34、shed from numerical simulations. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN/TS 15867:2009CEN/TS 15867:2009 (E) 6 Figure 1 C defect magnitude Figure 2 S defect magnitu
35、de Key 1 lower grip 2 upper grip Figure 3 Torsion defect magnitude 5 Apparatus 5.1 Test machine The configuration of the test machine, including the load train and load cell shall be identical to the test machine used for the tests on the CMCs and shall be in accordance with EN ISO 7500-1. 5.2 Strai
36、n gauges The principle of this method requires the use of strain gauges with an active surface equal to or smaller than 4 x 2 mm2. Furthermore, the distance between the edge of the test reference specimen and the longitudinal axis of the strain gauge shall be such as to avoid edge effects. A minimum
37、 distance of 2 mm is required. Care shall be taken to ensure that the strain gauge readings are not influenced by the surface preparation and the adhesive used. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitte
38、d without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN/TS 15867:2009CEN/TS 15867:2009 (E) 7 5.3 Data recording system A calibrated recorder may be used to record load/strain curves. The use of a data recording system combined with an analogue recorder is recommended. All strain measuring equipment and data acquisiti
39、on systems shall be calibrated. They shall have an accuracy to within 0,5 % of the indicated reading or 3 microstrain, whichever is greater, and a resolution of 1 microstrain. 5.4 Micrometers Micrometers used for the measurement of the dimensions of the reference test specimen shall be in accordance
40、 with ISO 3611. 6 Reference test specimens The degree of misalignment of the load train of the test machine is verified by performing tests at room temperature with the following reference test specimen: dimensions: see Figure 4; material: steel ISO reference; location of the strain gauges: see Figu
41、re 4. If another reference test specimen is used, it is necessary to establish a new series of charts. Plan parallelism of the faces 0,02 mm. Dimensions of the strain gauges, in millimetres: 2 4 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo r
42、eproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN/TS 15867:2009CEN/TS 15867:2009 (E) 8 NOTE Gauge n 5 is a rosette allowing measurements of strains parallel to 1 and to 45. Figure 4 Dimensions of the reference test specimen and location of the strain gauges Copyright European C
43、ommittee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DD CEN/TS 15867:2009CEN/TS 15867:2009 (E) 9 7 Reference test specimens preparation 7.1 Adhesion of strain gauges It is essential to protect strain gau
44、ges and adhesives from effects due to moisture and other degrading contaminants. Therefore it is recommended that, after installation of the strain gauges, a layer of protective coating material such as strain-gauge-grade silicone rubber is applied. 7.2 Reference test specimen validity Periodically
45、check the response of the strain gauges by comparing the Youngs modulus of the steel (from which the reference test specimen is made) determined for each location of the strain gauges, to the value of the Young modulus determined during the first utilization of the reference test specimen by the sam
46、e method. The difference between these two values shall not exceed 5 %. This value shall be indicated more accurately when more experimental results are made available. It is recommended to do this verification once a year. 8 Test procedure 8.1 General The procedure consists of the following sequenc
47、e. 8.2 Correction of the torsion defect The reference test specimen is gripped while keeping the uniaxial load at 0, by using a specific mounting tool that secures a strict parallelism between the loading axis and the longitudinal axis of the reference test specimen. To check it, compare responses g
48、iven by gauges 1 and 2. Record the reading of strain gauges at position 5 and calculate the distortion (+45- -45). This value allows the torsion defect to be determined using chart 1 (see Figure 5). If this value is higher than the authorized limit, a correction of the angle between the two grips shall be made. The above procedure is repeated until the value of the angle is less or equal to the authorized limit. Copyright European Committee for Stan
