1、STD-CIE 134-ENGL 1999 9006145 O006104 871 ISBN 3 900 734 94 1 COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LCLAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION CIE COLLECTION in Photobiology and Photochemistry 1999 Contents: 134/1 CIE TC 6-26 report: Standardization of the terms
2、UV-Al , UV-A2 and UV-B 134/2 CIE TC 6-30 report: UV protection of the eye 13413 CI E TC 6-38 report: Recommendation on photobiological safety of lamps. A review of standards. Abstracts of CIE Publications prepared within Division 6 CIE 134 - 1999 UDC: 612.014.481-06 Descriptor: Optical radiation eff
3、ects on humans COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services STD.CIE 134-ENGL 2999 9006145 0006105 708 m CIE 134 - 1999 The Reports in this publication have been prepared by various CIE Technical Committees within Division 6 “Photobiology and Photochemis
4、try“. The reports draw on current knowledge and experience within the specific field of light and lighting described, and are intended to be used by the CIE membership and other interested parties. It should be noted, however, that the status of the reports is advisory and not mandatory. The latest
5、CIE proceedings, CIE NEWS, future issues in the “CIE Collection“ Series or publication listing should be consuited regarding possible subsequent amendments. Les rapports ont t prpar par diffrents Comits Techniques de la Division 6 de la CIE “Photobiologie et photochimie“. Les raports traitent des co
6、nnaissances courantes et de lexprience dans le domaine spcifique indiqu de la lumire et de lclairage, et il est tabli pour Iusage des membres de la CIE et autres groupements intresss. II faut cependant noter que les rapports sont indicatifs et non obligatoires. Pour connaitre dventuels amendements,
7、consulter les plus rcents comptes rendus de la CIE, CIE NEWS, ditions futures de la srie “CIE Collection“ ou les listes de publications de la CIE. Die Berichte wurden von verschiedenen Technischen Komitees der CIE in Division 6 Photobiologie und Photochemie ausgearbeitet. Die Berichte behandeln den
8、derzeitigen Stand des Wissens und Erfahrung auf dem Gebiet Licht und Beleuchtung; sie sind zur Verwendung durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessierte bestimmt. Es solite jedoch beachtet werden, da die Berichte Empfehlungen und keine Vorschriften sind. Die neuesten CIE- Tagungsberichte, das C
9、IE NEWS, zuknftige Ausgaben in der Serie “CIE Collection oder die Publikationsliste soliten im Hinblick auf mgliche sptere nderungen zu Rate gezogen werden. Any mention of organisations or products does not impiy endorsement by the CIE. Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of any list
10、s, up to the time of going to press, these may not be comprehensive. Toute mention dorganisme ou de produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr le soin apport la compilation de tous les documents jusqu la mise sous presse, ce travail ne saurait tre exhaustif. Die Erwhnung von Organisationen
11、oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch die CIE. Obgleich groe Sorgfait bei der Erstellung von Verzeichnissen bis zum ZeitpunM der Drucklegung angewendet wurde, ist es mglich, da diese nicht vollstndig sind. O CIE 1999 Contents Standardization of the terms UV-A1 , UV-M and UV-B UV protectio
12、n of the eye Recommendation on photobiological safety of lamps. A review of standards. 134/1 CIE TC 6-26 report: 13412 CIE TC 6-30 report: 134/3 CIE TC 6-38 report: Abstracts of CIE Publications prepared within Division 6 1 7 21 45 II COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Inf
13、ormation Handling Services- STD-CIE 234-ENGL 1999 900b145 0006306 b44 CIE 134/1 - 1999 CIE TC 6-26 report STANDARDIZATION OF THE TERMS UV-Al, UV-A2 AND UV-B TERMS OF REFERENCE To develop standardized terms for UV-A1 and UV42 and to examine whether there is a necessity for changing the boundaries of
14、UV-A and UV-B. HISTORY OF THE TC The terms UV-A1 and UV42 have been introduced into the scientific and medical literature within the last few years, and the use of these terms has spread quite rapidly throughout different branches of photobiology and photomedicine. During the Melbourne meetings of t
15、he Division 6 in July 1991, J.P. Csarini was assigned the task to find a chairman for a technical committee having the task to prepare a report on the status of UV-Al, UV-A2, to examine the boundary between UV-A and UV-6, and eventually prepare a standard for these terms. Prof. Jean Cadet, a special
16、ist in the photobiology of DNA and the products of photoaddition and photodegradation, was contacted to be the chairman. After a meeting with him, he decided not to take over the proposed task stating that “no action spectrum for any DNA events can help to define clear-cut biological differences bet
17、ween UV-A1 and UV-A2. Hence, Dr. Csarini assumed the chairmanship and sent a letter explaining the future goals of the technical committee to the members listed below on May 4, 1992, calling for a meeting during the International Dermatology Congress in New York (June 17, 1992). A second meeting was
18、 held at the 20th Meeting of the ASP at Marco Island, FL (June 20-24, 1992) and the American Academy of Dermatologists meeting on December 4, 1992 in Washington DC. Several members of the TC also met in Chicago on June 29, 1993 and sketched an outline for a drat report. J. P. Csarini prepared the in
19、itial draft and forwarded it to the different members for comments. A final editorial meeting of the TC was held in Vienna on September 4, 1996. The following members of TC 6-26 “Standardization of the terms UV-Al, UV-A2 and UV-i3“ took part in the preparation of this Technical Report. The Committee
20、 comes under CIE Division 6. Pr. J. Barth Germany Dr. J. Cadet France Dr. J. P. Csarini France, chairman Pr. T. B. Fitzpatrick USA Dr. A. McKinlay U.K. Pr. M. Mutzhas Germany, deceased Dr. M. Pathak USA Dr. M. Peak USA Dr. D. Sliney USA Pr. F. Urbach USA STANDARDIZATION OF THE TERMS UV-A1 , UV-A2 AN
21、D UV-6 SUMMARY The terms UV-A, UV-B and UV-C were introduced in the 1930s by CIE Committee 41 on Ultraviolet Radiation as a short-hand notation for photobiological spectral bands. It was never intended that the bands were exclusive for different effects. The bands have been in widespread use in diff
22、erent medical fields and scientific research. UV-A and UV-B were divided at 315 nm by the CIE. In recent decades, some photodermatologists and others have used different dividing lines such as 320 nm without recognizing the importance of maintaining an international standardized terminology. Because
23、 the terminology is used in many fields, this report recommends that the 315 nm division between UV-A and UV-B be maintained. However, recent research has clearly shown a difference in the photobiological interaction of long and short wavelength UV-A radiation with DNA. This led to a further divisio
24、n of UV-A into UV-A1 and UV-A2 with a dividing line at approximately 340 nm. While this division may be of 1 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 1341 - 1999 value, the committee does not recommend officially to split UV-A into these two sub-
25、bands at this time. Further research may justify a dividing line different from 340 nm in the future. NORMALISATION DES TERMES UV-A1 , UV-A2 ET UV-B RESUME Les termes UV-A, UV-B et UV-C ont t introduits dans les annes 30 par le Comit 41 de la CIE sur le rayonnement ultraviolet, comme abbrviation dsi
26、gnant les bandes spectrales photobiologiques. II navait jamais t dclar que ces bandes taitent spcifiques pour des effets diffrents. Ces bandes ont t utilises couramment dans divers domaines de la mdecine et dans la recherche scientifique. La CIE a fix la limite entre lUV-A et lUV-B 315 nm. Dans les
27、dernires dcennies, des photodermatologues ont utilis dautres valeurs pour cette limite comme p.ex. 320 nm, sans tenir compte de limportance de garder une terminologie internationale normalise. Comme la terminologie est utilise dans plusieurs domaines, ce rapport recommande de garder la division entr
28、e UV-A et UV-B 315 nrn. Cependant, des recherches rcentes ont dmontr clairement une diffrence dans linteraction photobiologique entre le rayonnement UV-A de courtes et de grandes longueurs donde avec lADN. Ceci a conduit une nouvelle division de IUV-A en UV-Al et UV-A2, la ligne de partage se situan
29、t 340 nm environ. Bienque cette division ait un certain intrt, le comit ne recommande pas officiellement, pour le moment, de couper lUV-A en ces deux sous-domaines. A lavenir des recherches supplmentaires pourraint justifier une autre ligne de partage qu 340 nm. NORMUNG DER BEZEICHNUNGEN UV-Al, UV-A
30、2 UND UV-B ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Begriffe UV-A, UV-B und UV-C wurden in den 30er Jahren vom CIE Komitee41 “Ultraviolette Strahlung“ als Kurzbezeichnung fr photobiologische Spektralbereiche eingefhrt. Es war jedoch damit nicht beabsichtigt, die Bedeutung dieser Bereiche auf bestimmte Wirkungen einzusch
31、rnken. Die Verwendung dieser Spektralbereiche ist in verschiedenen medizinischen Gebieten und in der naturwissenschaftlichen Forschung weitverbreitet. UV-A und UV-B wurden durch die CIE bei 315 nm voneinander abgegrenzt. In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben einige Photodermatologen und andere Fachleute
32、unterschiedliche Grenzen zwischen UV-A und UV-B, beispielsweise 320 nm, bentzt, ohne die Bedeutung der Beibehaitung international normierter Terminologie zu bercksichtigten. Da die Bezeichnungen UV-A und UV-B in vielen Gebieten verwendet werden, empfiehlt dieser Bericht, die Grenze von 31 5 nm zwisc
33、hen UV-A und UV-B beizubehalten. Jngste Forschungen bezglich der Wechselwirkung mit DNA haben jedoch einen deutlichen Unterschied zwischen lang- und kurzwelliger UV-A Strahlung gezeigt. Dies hat zu einer weiteren Teilung von UV-A in UV-Al und UV-A2 mit einer Grenze bei etwa 340 nm gefhrt. Obwohl die
34、se Unterteilung ihre Berechtigung haben knnte, empfiehlt das Komitee gegenwrtig nicht, die Teilung von UV-A in diese zwei Unterbereiche zu normieren. Knftige Untersuchungen knnten eventuell ergeben, da die Trennung bei einer anderen Wellenlnge als bei 340 nm sinnvoll ist. BACKGROUND Introduction The
35、 internationally accepted definitions of UV-B (280 nm - 315 nm) and UV-A (315 nm - 400 nm) originated in the early 1930s and were established around 1935 by CIE Committee 41 on Ultraviolet Radiation l-31. However, in recent years a vast number of publications related to several fields of photobiolog
36、y have been defining the wavelength of 2 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services STD-CIE 334-ENGL 3999 7006345 0006308 417 CIE 134/1 - 1999 320 nm as the dividing line between UV-A and UV-B. The international consensus has eroded such that many pho
37、todermatologists and photobiologists (particularly in the US) have made 320 nm the dividing line in their publications. Still other specialists have attempted to adjust the lower limit of UV-B without recognizing the long history of the CIE definitions. Three points are independently discussed in th
38、e technical report: 1 - The lower limit of UV-B, 2 - The boundary between UV-B and UV-A, and 3 - The opportunity to split the UV-A band in 2 parts. The purpose of the CIE band notations Although useful, it should be kept in mind that these photobiological spectral bands are merely a “short-hand nota
39、tion, and they can be used to make general (but not absolute) statements about the relative spectral effectiveness of different part of the UV spectrum in producing effects. The dividing lines, while not arbitrary, were certainly never intended to represent fine dividing lines between wavelengths wh
40、ich may or may elicit a given biological effect. One should always provide a wavelength band or spectral emission curve for the UV source being used and not rely totally on these spectral terms. There have also been authors who use 320 nm rather than the CIE defined dividing line of 315 nm to divide
41、 UV-A from UV-B. When this is done, the authors should explain parenthetically the wavelength band limits. Good practice in research publications for photobiologists and scientists who describe different effects should refer to specific action spectra and source spectra if at all possible. Historica
42、l perspective The internationally accepted definitions of UV-B (280 nm - 315 nm) and UV-A (315 nm - 400 nm) were established by the former Committee on Photobiology of the CIE around 1935. These limits were based largely on studies of UV erythema at that time which had determined a dual peak action
43、spectrum for erythema which had secondary maximal value of 0,58 at 248 nm, a primary maximal value of 1 ,O0 at 297 nm and a null of 0,06 at 280 nm. This earlier CIE standard erythemal action spectrum reached a value of 0,Ol at 315 nm. (Later, the standard erythemal action spectrum values were extend
44、ed down to a value of 0,003 at 325 nm; and today, a different standardized action spectrum is used). Additionally, during the 1930 Coblentz (USA) worked to develop sharp cut-off filters at 280 nm, 315 nm and 400 nm for practical measurements, and the availability of these cut-off filters and the Hg
45、emission wavelengths solidified these dividing lines. UV-B was meant to be the spectral band where erythema was most demonstrable for the least energy. Lamps without UV-B present were effectively incapable of producing erythema. With the advent of very intense UV-A sources in recent years, this divi
46、ding line has come into question. However, as early as 1938, when Hausser 4 first suggested 320 nm, a number of publications related to photobiology used the 320 nm wavelength as the division between UV-A and UV-B. In several of its most recent documents, the CIE firmly reaffirmed 315 nm as the divi
47、ding line between UV-A and UV-B 3. 1. LOWER LIMIT OF UV-B The lower limit of UV-B has been officially defined at 280 nm since about 1935. However, some plant photobiologists and, to a lesser extent, researchers dealing with ozone depletion, have favoured a lower limit of UV-B set at 290 nm. This pos
48、ition is also sustained by some photobiologists who have been dealing with human erythema action spectrum, who argue that because of epidermal absorption, that the highest activity of UV-B erythema is at 290 nm. Furthermore, at sea level, no radiation from sunlight is readily detectable below 290 nm
49、 (although, by photon counting techniques, the terrestrial solar irradiance extends at best to 285 nm). In the opinion of J. van der Leun 6, and several other authors, the limit of 280 nm should not be changed. They argue that it is important to maintain the UV-B lower limit at 280 nm since electrical engineers and lighting engineers who have to be concerned about the spectra of several sources, health authorities who have to deal with the consequences
