1、Photobiological safety of lampsand lamp systemsBS EN 62471:2008raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI British StandardsNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 62471:2008. It wasderived by CENELEC from IEC 624
2、71:2006. Together with BS EN 60825-1:2007,it supersedes BS EN 60825-1:1994 which is withdrawn.The CENELEC common modifications have been implemented at the appropriate places in the text and are indicated by tags (e.g. ).The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeEPL
3、/76, Optical radiation safety and laser equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2009ISBN 9
4、78 0 580 56886 2ICS 29.140.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 62471:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Commi
5、ttee on 31 March 2009 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62471 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM September 2008 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B
6、- 1050 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 62471:2008 E ICS 29.140 Partially supersedes EN 60825-1:1994 + A1:2002 + A2:2001 English version Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems (IEC 62471:2006
7、, modified) Scurit photobiologique des lampes et des appareils utilisant des lampes (CEI 62471:2006, modifie) Photobiologische Sicherheit von Lampen und Lampensystemen (IEC 62471:2006, modifiziert) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with
8、 the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretaria
9、t or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the of
10、ficial versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portug
11、al, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 62471:2008 - 2 -Foreword The text of the International Standard IEC 62471:2006, prepared by IEC TC 76 “Optical radiation safety and laser equipment“, together with the common modifications prepared by the Technica
12、l Committee CENELEC TC 76, Optical radiation safety and laser equipment, was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 62471 on 2008-09-01. This European Standard partially supersedes EN 60825-1:1994 + corrigendum February 1995 + A1:2002 + A2:2001 + A2:2001/corrigendum April 200
13、4. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2009-09-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2011-09-01 Annex Z
14、A has been added by CENELEC. _ BS EN 62471:200862471 IEC:2006 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD 5 INTRODUCTION. 7 1. SCOPE.8 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES 8 3. DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS.8 4. EXPOSURE LIMITS 14 5. MEASUREMENT OF LAMPS AND LAMP SYSTEMS.15 5.1 Measurement conditions 5.1.1 Lamp ageing (seasoni
15、ng) .15 5.1.2 Test environment16 5.1.3 Extraneous radiation.16 5.1.4 Lamp operation.16 5.1.5 Lamp system operation 16 5.2 Measurement procedure 16 5.2.1 Irradiance measurements.165.2.2 Radiance measurements18 5.2.3 Measurement of source size 20 5.2.4 Pulse width measurement for pulsed sources20 5.3
16、Analysis methods .205.3.1 Weighting curve interpolations .205.3.2 Calculations 205.3.3 Measurement uncertainty .206. LAMP CLASSIFICATION .236.1 Continuous wave lamps.6.1.1 Exempt group .23 6.1.2 Risk Group 1 (Low-Risk) 23 6.1.3 Risk Group 2 (Moderate-Risk)24 6.1.4 Risk Group 3 (High-Risk)24 6.2 Puls
17、ed lampsBS EN 62471:2008ANNEX A (informative) SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 26Bioeffect datasheet #1: Infrared cataract .26Bioeffect datasheet #2: Photokeratitis26Bioeffect datasheet #3: Photoretinitis.27Bioeffect datasheet #4: Retinal thermal injury28Bioeffect datasheet #5: Ultraviolet cataract29Bi
18、oeffect datasheet #6: Ultraviolet erythema30ANNEX B (informative) MEASUREMENT METHOD 32B.1 Instrumentation 32 B.1.1 Double monochromator: Recommended instrument32 B.1.2 Broadband detectors 32152324.62471 IEC:2006 4 B.2 Instrument limitations .32 B.2.1 Noise equivalent irradiance 32 B.2.2 Instrument
19、spectral response .33 B.2.3 Wavelength accuracy .34 B.2.4 Stray radiant power.34 B.2.5 Input optics for spectral irradiance measurements: Recommendation 35B.2.6 Linearity 35 B.3 Calibration sources 35 ANNEX C (informative) UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS 36 ANNEX D (informative) GENERAL REFERENCESBS EN 62471:2
20、0084. EXPOSURE LIMITS (ELS)404.1 General 404.2 Specific factors involved in the determination and application of retinal exposure limits.404.2.1 Pupil diameter.404.2.2 Angular subtense of source and measurement field-of-view .414.3 Hazard exposure limits.424.3.1 Actinic UV hazard exposure limit for
21、the skin and eye424.3.2 Near-UV hazard exposure limit for the eye.434.3.3 Retinal blue light hazard exposure limit 444.3.4 Retinal blue light hazard exposure limit - small source.464.3.5 Retinal thermal hazard exposure limit 474.3.6 Retinal thermal hazard exposure limit weak visual stimulus .474.3.7
22、 Infrared radiation hazard exposure limits for the eye484.3.8 Thermal hazard exposure limit for the skin.4838ANNEX (informative) .ZB 40ANNEX (normative) .ZA 3962471 IEC:2006 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF LAMPS AND LAMP SYSTEMS FOREWORD 1) The International E
23、lectrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote interna-tional co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fie
24、lds. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IE
25、C National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organiza-tions liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Or-ganization for Standardiz
26、ation (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has represe
27、ntation from all inter-ested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC
28、cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinter-pretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional public
29、ations. Any divergence be-tween any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equip-ment declared to be in conformity with a
30、n IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal i
31、njury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and ex-penses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publica-tions. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative referen
32、ces cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of pat-ent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for i
33、dentifying any or all such patent rights. The International Standard IEC 62471 has been submitted by the International Commission on Illumi-nation (CIE) and has been processed through IEC technical committee 76: Optical radiation safety and laser equipment This standard was prepared as Standard CIE
34、S 009:2002 by the International Commission on Illumination. It was submitted to the IEC National Committees for voting under the Fast Track Procedure as the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 76/340/FDIS 76/343/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found
35、 in the report on voting indicated in the above table. BS EN 62471:200862471 IEC:2006 6 This publication is published as a double logo standard. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under
36、 “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. The International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated as CIE from its French title) is an organization devoted to int
37、ernational cooperation and exchange of information among its mem-ber countries on all matters relating to the science and art of lighting. Foreword of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) Standards produced by the Commission Internationale de lEclairage (CIE) are a concise documenta-ti
38、on of data defining aspects of light and lighting, for which international harmony requires such unique definition. CIE Standards are therefore a primary source of internationally accepted and agreed data, which can be taken, essentially unaltered, into universal standard systems. The CIE undertook
39、a major review of the official recommendations on photobiological effects, their dose relationships and measurement. Based on the guidelines given by the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the CIE undertook to apply these guidelines to lamps and lamp systems. The
40、 present standard describes present day knowledge of the subject but does not ab-solve those carrying out experiments with humans from their responsibility for the safety and well being of the subjects involved. This Standard has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee 6-47, “Photobiological Lamp S
41、afety Standard“, and was approved by the National Committees of the CIE. During the preparation of the standard IEC TC34 co-operated with CIE TC 6-47 through the participation of a number of their mem-bers. NOTE CIE kindly acknowledges the consent of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North Ame
42、rica who permit-ted to use extensive parts of the documents ANSI/IESNA RP-27.1. “Photobiological Safety for Lamps and Lamp Systems General Requirements“, ANSI/IESNA RP-27.2. “Photobiological Safety for Lamps and Lamp Systems Measurement Systems - Measurement Techniques“ and ANSI/IESNA RP-27.3. “Phot
43、obiological Safety for Lamps and Lamp Systems Risk Group Classification and Labeling“ as much of the basis for this standard. (Each publica-tion may be purchased from Publications Department, IESNA, 120 Wall Street, 17thfloor, New York, New York 10005-4001, by fax 212-248-5017 or through the web sit
44、e: http:/www.iesna.org). BS EN 62471:200862471 IEC:2006 7 INTRODUCTION Lamps were developed and produced in large quantities and became commonplace in an era when industry-wide safety standards were not the norm. The evaluation and control of optical radiation hazards from lamps and lamp systems is
45、a far more complicated subject than similar tasks for a single-wavelength laser system. The required radiometric measurements are quite involved, for they do not deal with the simple optics of a point source, but rather with an extended source that may or may not be altered by diffusers or projectio
46、n optics. Also the wavelength distribution of the lamp may be altered by ancillary optical elements, diffusers, lenses, and the like, as well as variations in operating conditions. To evaluate a broad-band optical source, such as an arc lamp, an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp, an array of lam
47、ps or a lamp system, it is first necessary to determine the spectral distribution of optical radiation emitted from the source at the point or points of nearest human access. This accessible emission spectral distribution of interest for a lighting system may differ from that actually being emitted
48、by the lamp alone due to the filtration by any optical elements (e.g., projection optics) in the light path. Secondly, the size, or projected size, of the source must be characterized in the retinal hazard spectral region. Thirdly, it may be necessary to determine the variation of irradiance and eff
49、ective radiance with distance. The performance of the necessary measurements is normally not an easy task without sophisticated instruments. Thus it was decided to include reference measurement techniques for lamps and lamp systems in this standard. The measurement techniques along with the described risk group classification scheme will provide common ground for both lamp manufacturers and users to define the specific photobiological hazards of any given lamp and/or lamp system.
