1、)a rh f ISBN 3 901 906 02 9 COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LWAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION CIE COLLECTION IN PHOTOBIOLOGY AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY 2000 Contents: 1381 CIE TC 6-1 4 report: Blue-light photochemical retinal hazard 1W2 CIE TC 6-32 report:
2、Action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis (non - melanoma 13W3 CIE TC 6-34 report: Standardized protocols for photocarcinogenesis safety testing 13814 CIE TC 6-41 report: A proposed global UV index Abridged abstracts of CIE publications prepared within Division 6 skin cancers) CIE 138 - 2000 UDC: 612.
3、01 4.481-06 Descriptor: Optical radiation effects on humans COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesTHE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an organisation devoted to international co-operat
4、ion and exchange of information among its member countries on all matters relating to the art and science of lighting. Its membership consists of the National Committees in 37 countries and one geographical area and of 10 associate members. The objectives of the CIE are : 1. To provide an internatio
5、nal forum for the discusdon of all matters relating to the science, technology and art in the fields of light and lighting and for the interchange of informaibn in these fields between countries. 2. To develop basic standards and procedures of metrology in the fields of light and lighting. 3. To pro
6、vide guidance in the application of principles and procedures in the development of intemational and national standards in the fields of IigM and lighting. 4. To prepare and publish standards, reports and other publications concerned with all matters relating to the science, technology and arl in th
7、e fields of light and lighting. 5. To maintain liaison and technical interacion with other international organisations concerned with matters related to the science, technology, standardisation and art in the fields of light and lighting. The work of the CIE is carried on by seven Divisions each wit
8、h about 20 Technical Committees. This work covers subjects ranging from fundamental matters to all types d lighting applications. The standards and technical reports developed by these international Divisions of the CIE are accepted throughout the world. A plenary session is held every four years at
9、 whlch the work of the Divisions and Technical Committees is reviewed, reponed and plans are made for the future. The CIE is recognised as the authority on all aspects of light and lighting. As such it occupies an important position among international organisations. LA COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE
10、LECLAIRAGE La Cornmission Internationale de lhlairage (CIE) est une organisation qui se donne pour but la coopration internationale et lchange dinformations entre les Pays membres sur toutes les questions relatives A lart et la science de lclairage. Elle est compose de Comits Nationaux reprsentant 3
11、7 pays plus un territoire gographique, et de 10 membres associs. Les objectifs de ia CIE sont : 6. De constituer un centre dtude international pour toute matire relevant de la science, de la technologie et de lait de ia lumire et de 18clairage et pour lchange entre pays dinformations dans ces domain
12、es. 7. Dlaborer des normes et des mthodes de base pour la mtrologie dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage. 8. De donner des directives pour lapplication des principes et des mthodes dlaboration de normes internationales et natlonales dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage. 9. De prp
13、arer et publier des normes, rapporis et autres textes, concernant toutes matires relatives la science, la technologie et lart dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage. IO. De maintenir une liaison et une cdlaboratiion technique avec les autres organisations internationales concernes par des su
14、jets relatifs la science, la technologie, la normalisation et lart dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage. Les travaux de la CIE sont effectus par 7 Dhrisions, ayant chacune environ 20 Comits Techniques. Les sujets dtudes stendent des questions fondamentales, tous les types dapplications de
15、lclairage. Les normes et les rapPoits techniques labors par ces Divisions Internationales de la CIE sont reconnus dans le monde entier. Tous les quatre ans, une Session plnire passe en revue le travail des Divisions et des Comits Techniques, en fait rapport et ablit les projets de travaux pour laven
16、ir. La CIE esi reconnue comme la plus haute autorit en ce qui concerne tous les aspects de la lumire et de lclairage. Elle occupe comme telle une position importante parmi les organisations internationales. DIE INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION Die Intemationale Beleuchtungskommission (CIE) ist
17、eine Organisation, die sich der internationalen Zusammenarbeit und dem Austausch von Informationen zwischen ihren Mitgliedslndern bezglich der Kunst und Wissenschaft der Lichttechnik widmet. Die Mitgliedschaft besteht aus den Nationalen Komitees in 37 Lndern und einem geographischen Gebiet und aus 1
18、0 assoziierten Mitgliedern. Die Ziele der CIE sind : 11. Ein internationaler MtklDUnkt fr Diskussionen aller Fraaen auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaft. Technik und Kunst der Lichttechnik und fr den informationsaustausch auf diese; Gebieten zwischen den einzelnen Lindern zu sein. 12. Grundnormen und Ver
19、fahren der Metechnikauf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu entwickeln. 13. Richtlinien fr die Anwendung von Prinzipien und Vorgngen in der Entwicklung internationaler und nationaler Normen auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu erstellen. 14. Normen, Berichte und andere Publikationen zu erstellen und zu ver
20、ffentlichen. die alle Fragen auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaft, Technik und Kunst der Lichttechnik betreffen. 15. Liaison und technische Zusammenarbeit mit anderen internationalen Organisationen zu unterhalten, die mit Fragen der Wissenschaft, Technik, Normung und Kunst auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik
21、 zu tun haben. Die Wit der CIE wird in 7 Divisionen, jede mit etwa 20 Technischen Komitees, geleistet. Diese Arbeit betriff Gebiete mit grundlegendem Inhalt bis zu allen Arten der Lichtanwendung. Die Normen und Technischen Berichte, die von diesen international zusammengesetzten Divisionen ausgearbe
22、itet werden, sind von der ganzen Welt anerkannt. Tagungen werden alle vier Jahre abgehalten, in der die Arbeiten der Divisionen berprft und berichtet und neue Plne fr die Zukunft ausgeabeitet werden. Die CIE wird als hchste Autoritt fur alle Aspekte des Lichtes und der Beleuchtung angesehen. Auf die
23、se Weise unterhalt sie eine bedeutende Stellung unter den internationalen Organisationen. Published by the COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LECLAIRAGE CIE Central Bureau Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, AUSTRIA Tel: +43(01)714 31 87 O, Fax: +43(01)713 O8 38 18 e-mail: ciecbbping.at WWW: http:/www.cle.co.ai
24、icid Q CIE 2000 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesISBN 3 901 906 02 9 COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LICLAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION CIE COLLECTION IN PHOTOBIOLOGY AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY 2000
25、 Contents: 13W1 CIE TC 6-14 report: Blue-light photochemical retinal hazard 13W2 CIE TC 6-32 report: Action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis (non - melanoma 13W3 CI E TC 6-34 report: Standardized protocols for photocarcinogenesis safety testing 138/4 CIE TC 6-41 report: A proposed global UV index Ab
26、ridged abstracts of CIE publications prepared within Division 6 skin cancers) CIE 138 - 2000 UDC: 61 2.01 4.481-06 Descriptor: Optical radiation effects on humans COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 138-2000 The Reports in this publication h
27、ave been prepared by various CIE Technical Committees within Division 6 “Photobiology and Photochemistry”. The reports draw on current knowledge and experience within the specific field of light and lighting described, and are intended to be used by the CIE membership and other interested parties. I
28、t should be noted, however, that the status of the reports is advisory and not mandatory. The latest CIE proceedings, CIE NEWS, future issues in the “CIE Collection” Series or publication listing should be consulted regarding possible subsequent amendments. Les rapports ont t prpars par diffrents Co
29、mits Techniques de la Division 6 “Photobiologie et Photochimie de la CIE. Les rapports traitent des connaissances et de lexprience courantes dans le domaine spcifique dcrit de la lumire et de lclairage, et ils sont destins tre utiliss par les membres de la CIE et autres parties intresses. II faut ce
30、pendant noter que les rapports sont indicatifs et non obligatoires. Les derniers comptes rendus de la CIE, le CIE NEWS, ditions futures de la srie “CIE Collection” ou la dernire liste de publications de la CIE devront tre consults pour connatre dventuels et rcents amendements. Die Berichte wurden vo
31、n verschiedenen Technischen Komitees der CIE in Division 6 “Photobiologie und Photochemie” erarbeitet. Die Berichte behandeln den derzeitigen Stand des Wissens und der Erfahrung auf dem Gebiet Licht und Beleuchtung; sie sind zur Verwendung durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessierte bestimmt
32、. Es sollte jedoch beachtet werden, da die Berichte Empfehlungen und keine Vorschriften sind. Die neuesten CIE-Tagungsberichte, das CIE NEWS, zuknftige Ausgaben in der Serie “CIE Collection” oder die Publikationsliste sollten im Hinblick auf mgliche sptere nderungen zu Rate gezogen werden. Any menti
33、on of organisations or products does not imply endorsement by the CIE. Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of any lists, up to the time of going to press, these may not be comprehensive. Toute mention dorganisme ou de produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr lensemble de s
34、oins apports la compilation de tous les documents jusqu la mise sous presse, ce travail ne saurait tre complet. Die Erwhnung von Organisationen oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch die CIE. Obgleich groe Sorgfalt bei der Erstellung von Verzeichnissen bis zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung ang
35、ewendet wurde, ist es mglich, da diese nicht vollstndig sind. O CIE 2000 Contents 138/1 CIE TC 6-14 report: Blue-light photochemical retinal hazard 138/2 CIE TC 6-32 report: Action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis 13W3 CIE TC 6-34 report: Standardized protocols for photocarcinogenesis 13W4 CIE TC 6-
36、41 report: A proposed global UV index Abridged abstracts of CIE publications prepared within Division 6 (non - melanoma skin cancers) safety testing 1 17 26 37 44 II COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCI E 138/1-2000 CIE TC 6-14 REPORT BLUE-LIG
37、HT PHOTOCHEMICAL RETINAL HAZARD FORWORD This technical report was prepared as a result of activities of CIE Technical Committee TC 6-14, The Blue-Light Hazard. The TC 6-14 was organized after discussions at the full meeting of Division 6, Photobiology and Photochemistry which was held during the ter
38、m of the CIE session which began in Venice, 1987. The following members and consulting experts of TC 6-14 The Blue-Light Hazard“ took part in the preparation of this technical report. TC 6-14 comes under CIE Division 6 “Photobiology and Photochemistry“. Members: Consulting experts: Csarini, J. P. Fr
39、ance Crabbe, P. J. United Kingdom DiDomenico, S. USA Feigusch, G. Italy Kohmoto, K. Japan, Chairman McKinlay, A. F. United Kingdom Meulemans, C. C. E The Netherlands Mutzhas, M.(O) Germany van Norren, D. The Netherlands Ronchi, L. R. Italy Sliney, D. H. USA Sperling, G. USA Suga, S. Japan Aoki, T. h
40、uma, T. Beede, C. Chaki, K. Inukai, H. Koshi, S. Mike, Y. Misu, K. Naitoh, E. Ohzu, H. Japan Japan USA Japan Japan Japan Japan Japan Japan Japan Okuno, T. Osakabe, T. Seki, R. Tanaka, G. Tokuyama, I. Tsuji, S. Yagami, T. Yamaguchi, H. Yamamoto, T. Yonemoto, S. Japan Japan Japan Japan Japan Japan Jap
41、an Japan Japan Japan BLUE-LIGHT PHOTOCHEMICAL RETINAL HAZARD SUMMARY The results of studies of acute photochemical retinal injury, frequently referred to as the “blue light hazard (BLH)“ are described in this technical report. The BLH results from a photochemical injury to the human retina and is te
42、rmed by ophthalmologists “photoretinitis“. The original biological research relating to photoretinitis included the determination of the action spectra for this effect. Studies were performed by a number of scientists, but two series of fundamental studies were performed by the group led by Dr. Will
43、iam T. Hamla of the Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, and Dr. Harry G. Sperling4 of the University of Texas, Houston, Texas. Their pioneering work provided the basis for threshold limit values (TLV) and the BLH action spectrum recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Ind
44、ustrial Hygienists5 (ACGIH) in the 1970% and more recently, after completion of the work of TC 6-14, by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection6 (ICNIRP). The potential for photoretinitis resulting from viewing the sun, tungsten-halogen lamps, high intensity discharge lamps
45、, xenon short-arc lamps, welding arcs, etc., is provided in this report. Means and methods to evaluate potential BLH were studied by the CIE committee and one technique employing the ACGIH TLV5 is proposed for general use. As a result of evaluating a number of light sources used for general lighting
46、 applications or in photocopiers and overhead projectors, it is concluded that there is an insignificant risk from blue-light photoretinitis during ordinary viewing conditions. Tungsten- halogen lamps used for desk illumination may pose the greatest possibility for blue-light photoretinitis. Under t
47、he worst-case condition, direct staring at a bare tungsten-halogen filament for 13 seconds within one day will exceed the BLH TLV. Because of the natural 1 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services STD-CIE L3B-ENGL 2000 900bL45 000b338 TLb D CIE 138/
48、1-2000 aversion response to bright light, individuals would never be expected to stare at such a source for such a lengthy period. Blue-light photoretinitis does occur, but rarely, to unprotected welders, typically young welders, who fixate on the welding arc for a period of minutes. Normally welder
49、s are obliged to wear suitable eye protectors while engaged in arc welding. In addition such eye protection also protects against potential eye injury from ultraviolet and infrared radiation. The most frequently reported clinical cases of acute photoretinitis occur when individuals stare at the sun, as during a solar eclipse. Both national and international standards for eye protectors exist (e.g., in the USA, UK, Canada, Germany,
