1、BSI Standards PublicationGuide for the application of the European Standard EN 50160PD CLC/TR 50422:2013National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CLC/TR 50422:2013.It supersedes PD CLC/TR 50422:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted t
2、o TechnicalCommittee GEL/8, Systems Aspects for Electrical Energy Supply.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct appl
3、ication. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 78453 8ICS 29.020; 71.100.60Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strat
4、egy Committee on 30 September 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CLC/TR 50422:2013TECHNICAL REPORT CLC/TR 50422 RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT September 2013 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de
5、 Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. CLC/TR 50422:2013 E ICS 29.020 S
6、upersedes CLC/TR 50422:2003 + corr. Jun.2005 English version Guide for the application of the European Standard EN 50160 Guide dapplication de la Norme Europenne EN 50160 Leitfaden zur Anwendung der Europischen Norm EN 50160 This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2013-07-22. CENELEC member
7、s are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norwa
8、y, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CLC/TR 50422:2013CLC/TR 50422:2013 - 2 - Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Historical overview of the Standard and its development 6 2.1 Historical development . 6 2.2
9、Structure . 9 2.3 New versions of EN 50160. A move towards limits and requirements 10 2.4 HV chapter 11 3 The Standard 12 3.1 General 12 3.2 Applicability . 13 3.3 Covered / Not covered phenomena . 15 3.4 Specific terms 16 3.4.1 General 16 3.4.2 Supply voltage . 16 3.4.3 Supply terminal and other re
10、ference points . 16 3.4.4 Nominal voltage (Un) and declared voltage (Uc) . 17 3.5 “Measurement according to EN 50160” 18 3.6 Averaging times, observation periods 18 3.7 PQ values being assumed as covering about 95 % of the cases; representing real supply voltage characteristics, to be taken into acc
11、ount at designing electrical and electronic equipment with respect to their undegraded operation on mains supply; not intended to represent limit values, but with a view to acceptable values, distinguished in four groups: a) (quasi)stationary phenomena, mostly with close relation to 50 Hz: slow volt
12、age variations; frequency variation; unbalance of three-phase voltages; harmonic voltage distortion; sudden voltage changes; DC component; b) caused by occasional transient phenomena: voltage dips; transient voltage depressions; spikes originating in the operation of electrical equipment; surges of
13、atmospheric origin; PD CLC/TR 50422:2013- 7 - CLC/TR 50422:2013 c) ripple control signals (or similar); d) HF signals. The existing levels of harmonic distortion, which were later used as the basis for the voltage characteristics of harmonics, were published in 1981 in a paper published by the Inter
14、national Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE) 29. Eight years later, in September 1989, UNIPEDE published document DISNORM 12 33, which kept the main principles of the afore-mentioned document, in particular the consideration of a remaining “low probability approximately 5 % to find the charact
15、eristics in question”, laying down the values of the supply voltage at the supply terminals which may reasonably be expected under the present state of technologies, by grouping the considered set of characteristics into the 4 groups: 1) frequency; 2) magnitude of the voltage wave; 3) voltage wavefo
16、rm; 4) symmetry of the three-phase system. In 1991, the European Commission (EC) published two Directives that subsequently led to an EC request to CENELEC to work out (a) related standard(s): i) Directive 85/374/EEC on the liability for defective products 41, specifying amongst others that “the pro
17、ducer shall be liable for damage caused by a defect in his product”, and that “ product includes electricity.” ii) Directive 89/336/EEC on the electromagnetic compatibility 42; specifying amongst others that Member states are “responsible for ensuring that electric energy distribution networks are p
18、rotected from electromagnetic disturbance which can affect them and, consequently, equipment fed by them”. Additionally, two further aspects as being mentioned in the related Draft request to CENELEC as of 11 January 1991 were to be considered: I) the development of electronic components in electric
19、al equipment, in particular power electronics which are bringing about a relative deterioration in the quality of “electricity” as a product, while at the same time there is an increase in the level of network users requirements; II) widely varying regulations, specifications or contracts in force i
20、n the various Member States from one to another. PD CLC/TR 50422:2013CLC/TR 50422:2013 - 8 - The related Draft request to CENELEC required the preparation of (a) European Standard(s) giving the physical characteristics 1)of electricity supplied by low, medium and high voltage public distribution net
21、works, on the basis of UNIPEDE DISNORM 12 33, by trying to comply with international standards and in particular IEC standards as far as possible. With involvement of manufacturers, network operators and consultants, CENELEC BT set up BTTF 68-6, whose result, the first edition of EN 50160, was ratif
22、ied on 5 July 1994 5. As a first step, this standard dealt with PQ on LV and MV level (see 2.4). According to the originally given task of describing physical characteristics of the electricity, the values given in this first edition of EN 50160 5 represented PQ levels, which can be expected to be p
23、resent at the supply terminals in Europe. With the next editions 6 and 7, since the establishment of CLC/TC 8X/WG 1 by CLC/TC 8X (System aspects of electricity supply), EN 50160 experienced some actualisation. Related development was intensified when the Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER)
24、joined this CENELEC work in 2006, leading to the present edition 2010 of EN 50160 8, which is the base of this Technical Report. With regard to the quite complex characteristics of electricity, it was deemed necessary to provide explanations to its background as well as to its specifications in more
25、 detail. That was done at first by UNIPEDE, who published a first Application Guide to the European Standard EN 50160 in January 1995 34, followed by a related Eurelectric publication in July 1995 30. In 2003, CENELEC published CLC/TR 50422:2003 (edition 1), experiencing one Corrigendum in June 2005
26、 4. During a phase of further developing EN 50160, some major changes took place, which were to be considered at related standardisation work. Move from the LV nominal voltage 220 V to 230 V Un, for continental Europe, and from 240 V to 230 V for the UK, according to HD 472 S1:1989 16. With consider
27、ation of some transition periods, this HD specified the nominal voltage Unin Europe with 230 V on from 01/01/1996 at latest; for reaching the voltage band of Un 10 %, finally, with corrigendum February 2002 to HD 472 S1:1989, a deadline of 01/01/2009 was specified. Extension of CENELEC membership fr
28、om the National Committees from 18 countries 2)in 1994 to those of 33 countries in 2013 3). Increase of the application of electronic components in electrical equipment and installations and therefore of related emissions into the supply network. Increase of the susceptibility of electrical equipmen
29、t and installations to disturbing voltage components. Increase of network users requirements on power quality. 1) Frequency, magnitude of the voltage wave (slow variations of the voltage level, rapid variations of the voltage level, voltage dips, 50 Hz overvoltage, transient overvoltage), harmonics,
30、 unbalance, voltage interruptions, signal transmissions through the network. 2) AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IS, IT, LU, NL, NO, PT, SE 3) AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, TR PD CLC/TR 50422
31、:2013- 9 - CLC/TR 50422:2013 An important change in the European electricity industry has been the deregulation of the electricity market by introducing open competition for production and sale of electricity while at the same time introducing a natural and regulated monopoly in the form of the elec
32、tricity network operators. According to European Directive 2009/72/EC 3 the role of national regulatory authorities is amongst others “setting and approving standards and requirements for quality of supply” which has resulted in a stronger engagement of regulatory authorities in power quality issues
33、 on national as well as on European level, for example resulting in a cooperation between the European Energy Regulators and CENELEC. 2.2 Structure On from the very beginning of PQ specifications, i.e. when UNIPEDE published their Characteristics of the Low Voltage Electricity Supply“ in 1981 32 and
34、 their Application Guide to EN 50160 34, it was recognised that such specifications would deal with a quite specific product, showing particular characteristics, somehow different from any other product (see 3.7.1). Informative Annex A of EN 50160:2010 8 provides related information in more detail.
35、Contrary to the primary perception of electricity, which might be described by parameters like continuity, voltage magnitude and frequency, there are lots of PQ characteristics when considering electricity supply in detail. On from the first publications by UNIPEDE, an appropriate choice out of this
36、 number of PQ characteristics has been made for being dealt with as the main characteristics of the supply voltage. Considering PQ phenomena, a classification can be made based on different principles, e.g. on the predictability of phenomena affecting the voltage, enabling the specification of defin
37、ite values for the corresponding characteristics. That leads to a classification in definite and indicative values, the more or less, to some degree given continuity of occurrence of phenomena. That leads to a classification in continuous phenomena and in events. UNIPEDE started with a classificatio
38、n similar to the first example, which was kept for the EN 50160 editions from 1994 to 2007. Table 1 shows the classification as it was used in the first edition of EN 50160 as of 1994. Table 1 Classification of PQ phenomena according to EN 50160:1994 5 Definite and indicative values Definite values
39、Indicative values Power frequency Supply voltage dips Magnitude of the supply voltage variations Short interruptions of the supply voltage Long interruptions of the supply voltage Rapid voltage changes including flicker severity Temporary power frequency overvoltages Unsymmetry Transient overvoltage
40、s Harmonic voltage Interharmonic voltage Mains signalling voltages on the supply voltage PD CLC/TR 50422:2013CLC/TR 50422:2013 - 10 - After edition 2007, the classification of PQ phenomena for EN 50160 has been changed to a distinction between continuous phenomena, i.e. deviations from the nominal v
41、alue that occur continuously over time. Such phenomena occur mainly due to load pattern, changes of load, non-linear loads or distributed generation, voltage events, i.e. sudden and significant deviations from normal or desired weave shape which typically occur due to unpredictable events (e.g. faul
42、ts) or to external causes (e.g. weather conditions, third party actions, force majeure) See Table 2 for the classification used in the Standard. The classification is independent of the cause of the phenomenon, but continuous phenomena mainly occur due to load patterns, changes in load or non-linear
43、 load whereas voltage events typically occur due to unpredictable events (e.g. faults) or to external causes (e.g. weather conditions, third party actions, force majeure). Table 2 Classification of PQ phenomena according to EN 50160:2010 8 Continuous phenomena and voltage events Continuous phenomena
44、 Voltage events Variations in power frequency Interruptions of the supply voltage Supply voltage variations Supply voltage dips Rapid voltage changes including those resulting in light flicker Supply voltage swells Supply voltage unbalance Transient overvoltages Harmonic voltage Interharmonic voltag
45、e Mains signalling voltages EN 50160:2010 8 gives limits for most continuous phenomena. No limits are given for single rapid voltage changes and for interharmonics. Only indicative values for voltage events are given in EN 50160:2010 8 pending the gathering of additional information from actual meas
46、urements and other investigations. In EN 50160:2010 8, an Informative Annex provides information about a) indicative values currently available at a European level for some of the events defined and described in the Standard, b) the way of using these values, c) recommendations for the way of collec
47、ting further measurement data, in order to allow for comparisons between different systems and for obtaining homogeneous data at a European level. 2.3 New versions of EN 50160. A move towards limits and requirements As explained in 2.1, the objective for EN 50160 was to establish (a) standard(s) giv
48、ing the physical characteristics of electricity energy supplied by low, medium and high voltage public distribution networks, similar to the formerly published document DISNORM 12 of UNIPEDE, complying with inter-national standards and in particular IEC standards as far as possible. PD CLC/TR 50422:
49、2013- 11 - CLC/TR 50422:2013 When considering the development from the very first UNIPEDE document dated 1981 to the first edition of EN 50160, already some movement in the meaning of values at least from the chosen terminology can be recognised. While, considering the cases, where values are specified, except irregularities caused by occasional transient phenomena, a) the 1981 UNIPEDE document uses wording like “should not differ” (e.g. slow vol
