1、November 2010 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 9No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).IC
2、S 81.060.30!$l1m“1731474www.din.deDDIN EN 843-8Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature Part 8: Guidelines for conducting proof testsEnglish translation of DIN EN 843-8:2010-11Hochleistungskeramik Mechanische Eigenschaften monolithischer Keramik be
3、i Raumtemperatur Teil 8: Leitlinien zur Durchfhrung von berlast-PrfungenEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 843-8:2010-11Cramiques techniques avances Proprits mcaniques des cramiques monolithiques temprature ambiante Partie 8: Lignes directrices de conduite dpreuvesTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 843-8:20
4、10-11www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.141 .10 0DIN EN 843-8:2010-11 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceram
5、ics” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-02-91 AA Prfung von Hochleistungs-keramik Monolithische Werkstoffe. 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EURO
6、PENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 843-8 June 2010 ICS 81.060.30 English Version Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature - Part 8: Guidelines for conducting proof tests Cramiques techniques avances - Proprits mcaniques des cramiques monolithiques tempratu
7、re ambiante - Partie 8: Lignes directrices de conduite dpreuves Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften monolithischer Keramik bei Raumtemperatur - Teil 8: Leitlinien zur Durchfhrung von berlast-Prfungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 May 2010. CEN members are bound to com
8、ply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Manage
9、ment Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as th
10、e official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romani
11、a, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved wo
12、rldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 843-8:2010: EEN 843-8:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle 55 Main considerations 56 Design of proof-test equipment .67 Test operation 78 Report .7Annex A (informative) Basis of proof-t
13、esting .9A.1 Short-term strength .9A.2 Long-term effects.9A.3 Defining the need to proof-test . 10Bibliography . 11DIN EN 843-8:2010-11 EN 843-8:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 843-8:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of whi
14、ch is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2010. Attention is drawn to the po
15、ssibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 843, Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature, consists of
16、the following nine parts: Part 1: Determination of flexural strength Part 2: Determination of Youngs modulus, shear modulus and Poissons ratio Part 3: Determination of subcritical crack growth parameters from constant stressing rate flexural strength tests Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell superfi
17、cial hardness Part 5: Statistical analysis Part 6: Guidance for fractographic investigation Part 7: C-ring tests Part 8: Guidelines for conducting proof tests FprCEN/TS 843-9, Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature Part 9: Method of test for edge
18、-chip resistance According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
19、 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 843-8:2010-11 EN 843-8:2010 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes requirements and methods for proof
20、testing of advanced technical ceramic components. It provides general guidance concerning the design of the test and the methodology for the selection of loading conditions. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated re
21、ferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 843-3, Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature Part 3: Determination of subcritical crack growth
22、 parameters from constant stressing rate flexural strength tests EN 843-5, Advanced technical ceramics Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature Part 5: Statistical analysis CEN/TS 14425-1, Advanced technical ceramics Test methods for determination of fracture toughness of mon
23、olithic ceramics Part 1:Guide to test method selection EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 delayed failure frac
24、ture of an item after an extended period under stress 3.2 item under test component to be subjected to the proof test 3.3 proof test short-term test designed to investigate the mechanical or thermo-mechanical potential of a component, removing by fracture those components which do not meet specified
25、 levels 3.4 proof-test ratio ratio of the stress to be applied in a short-term proof test to the expected long-term service stress within an item under test NOTE “Item under test“, see 3.2. 3.5 sub-critical crack growth extension of existing cracks or flaws under a stress which does not produce inst
26、ant failure DIN EN 843-8:2010-11 EN 843-8:2010 (E) 5 4 Principle Since advanced technical ceramic components can contain microstructural inhomogeneities and mechanical damage which are difficult to detect by non-destructive observations (dye tests, ultrasonics, etc.), an individual component can hav
27、e insufficient strength to perform adequately in a particular application. The objective of mechanical or thermo-mechanical proof testing is to determine whether an individual item has adequate mechanical properties before being placed into service. The principle is to apply a short-term stressing o
28、peration to the item under test, the level of stress in which exceeds the expected service conditions. Items which fail in this test, are removed from the population, providing a guarantee of a minimum life in the survivors. The stressing can be directly mechanical, or as a result of thermal stress,
29、 such as in a thermal shock test. This guarantee is valid only for the conditions and state of the test piece item under test directly after the proof test. Any change in the material, the geometry or structure of the item after the proof test (e.g. mechanical, thermal, oxidative, corrosive, wear or
30、 other damage) can change the strength and can shorten the minimum life of the item. 5 Main considerations The short-term fracture stress of an advanced technical ceramic component is determined by the most highly stressed microstructural inhomogeneity or discontinuity, and is therefore determined b
31、y the method of manufacture and surface finishing. In general, it is not possible to predict with any certainty the forces that can be applied to a component without risking failure. For some applications where premature failure carries with it considerable costs, it can be beneficial to take steps
32、to minimise the risks by removing from the population of items those individuals which are most at risk from failure. Additionally, many types of advanced technical ceramic suffer from the slow growth of small cracks under maintained stress, with a consequent loss of the remaining strength. This the
33、rmally activated process may be accelerated by the presence of water, or by a corroding environment, which can react with the crystalline or amorphous bonding at the tip of crack. Thus if a component is held under stress for a prolonged period, it can weaken with time and lead to delayed failure. Th
34、e tendency of a material to behave in this way can be detected, for example, by undertaking strength tests at different stressing rates (see EN 843-3) or by statically stressing the material until failure occurs. Generally, the effect is most marked in silicate glasses, and in glass-phase containing
35、 oxide ceramic materials. It is less marked in purely crystalline oxide ceramics, and least marked in non-oxide ceramics. The principle of the proof-test (see Annex A) is to stress the item to such a level as will probe the item to determine the presence of features that would result in low strength
36、. The stress distribution should ideally match that seen in the application of the item, and should be applied smoothly and quickly, and then removed in a similar manner such that the strength of the surviving items is not reduced by non-catastrophic crack growth. There are several philosophies that
37、 can be adopted: a) Select a stress level which pragmatically removes a certain fraction of the population, by a few percent, providing a guaranteed minimum strength for the remainder. b) Select a stress level which is a factor of typically two or three times the expected stress level in service, pr
38、oviding a greater assurance that it will survive in service. c) Numerically determine the over-stress level factor from the fracture mechanical behaviour of the material, specifically the critical stress intensity factor (see CEN/TS 14425-1) and the sub-critical crack growth characteristics (see EN
39、843-3), combined with Weibull parameters (see EN 843-5) to provide stress-volume or stress-area predictions of the risk of failure. This method, while scientifically rigorous, is time-consuming and effective only if the fracture mechanical data that can be acquired are applicable to the item in ever
40、y respect. NOTE Components may be produced and finished in ways which are not equivalent to the conditions employed for manufacturing, and testing test pieces of closely defined geometry, and thus may vary in density, microstructural homogeneity, surface finishing and residual stress levels. Predict
41、ions may be poor unless the equivalence is good. DIN EN 843-8:2010-11 EN 843-8:2010 (E) 6 Of these three philosophies, a) and b) are pragmatic and can be set by simple judgement. They are typically used to ensure that each item, as supplied, has adequate strength at the point of delivery, but the pr
42、ocedures take no account of the potential of the material to age in service and to fail as a consequence of progressive loss of remaining strength with time. The third philosophy, c), additionally takes the slow loss of strength into account, and has been used successfully on safety-critical compone
43、nts under long-term stress. The effectiveness of a proposed proof-testing method can be determined by evaluating the short-term strength distribution of proof-tested items compared with the strength distribution before proof testing. In the prior proof-tested batch, there should be an absence of ite
44、ms failing at less than the set proof-test level. The continued presence of items failing at less than the proof-test level is an indication that there is some weakening of items during the proof-test, which either has to be taken into account in selecting the proof-test loading level, or the proof-
45、test schedule itself has to be examined to reduce or eliminate the effect. Overload proof-testing will not be successful in guaranteeing a component in service in the following circumstances: where the item becomes damaged in service, particularly where such damage is in regions of high stress; wher
46、e the stresses in service are poorly defined or undefined, such as shock loading, or localised hard contact; where temperature changes are significant; where the item has features that would suffer unduly in overload proof-testing, such as sharp edges, joints to other materials or surface coatings,
47、or marking of items by the testing system; where the stress distribution under the service conditions cannot be conveniently modelled in a proof-testing situation; where proof-testing cannot be performed quickly and smoothly, particularly the unloading part of the cycle; where it may not be possible
48、 adequately to design an overload thermo-mechanical proof-test because of temperature limitations, oxidation, or unknown or undefinable heat transfer conditions. The principal considerations are therefore the design of the system for undertaking the proof-test, and ensuring that it adequately matche
49、s the service stress condition during item testing. 6 Design of proof-test equipment The principal factors in the appropriate design of proof-testing equipment are: clear understanding of service conditions to be experienced by the item under test, and the lifetime to be expected; definition of the stress distribution to be achieved in the item during testing; definition of and agreement concerning the overload factor to be employed;
